Species introduction: Sophora genus belongs to the Sophora genus of the Fabaceae subfamily Papilioideae, and its aliases are: mountain lentil, golden phoenix tree, golden medicine tree, tree Sophora japonica, Bean Sophora japonicai and Yellow Sophora japonica. Sophora japonica is not the scientific name of this plant, but the so-called garden name. The real Sophora japonica is another plant. Sophora japonica is evergreen in the subtropics and is suitable for land cultivation in areas south of the Great Wall where the temperature is -17°C. It is native to the West Indies and Southeast Asia. It has been introduced in a wide range of areas in my country. It is cultivated from southern South China to northern South China and Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces. With the continuous progress of modern urban construction and the continuous improvement of landscaping levels, the application of Sophora japonica as the main flowering tree species in late autumn has been increasing, and is now widely used as street trees or ribbons.

1: Introduction to growth habits

Sophora japonica is a deciduous small tree or shrub formed by cross-breeding between my country’s traditional Sophora japonica and American Sophora japonica and Sophora japonica. The plant height is 3-4m, with 5.7 pairs of leaflets. It begins to bloom in August every year. The buds are like golden beans, the flowers are like golden butterflies, and the pods belong to the Leguminosae family. It grows vigorously, has luxuriant branches and leaves, large and bright flowers, and golden color (duck egg yellow), so it is known as the treasure-gathering golden tree. When the frost comes, the hospitality remains, and the fallen leaves do not fall, filling the gap of no ornamental flowers and trees in early winter. It is not the spring scenery, but better than the spring scenery, and the taste is quite high. Small evergreen tree. Height - 10m, generally the best viewing height is 3-5m. The crown of the tree is tall and round. Even-numbered pinnately compound leaves, with 7-9 pairs of leaflets, and glands at the base of the petiole and common rachis. Corymb-shaped racemes are born in the leaf axils of the upper branches. The flowers are bright yellow and about 5em in diameter. It can bloom all year round, but peak season is from September to October. The pods are flat, bead-shaped, 7-9cm long, mature in January to February, and have dark brown seeds.

Sophora japonica prefers light, can tolerate a little shade, and grows quickly. It should grow in loose, well-drained soil. It blooms vigorously in fertile soil and is resistant to pruning.

Two: Introduction to the main value of Sophora japonica

In cold areas, potted plants are used to make bonsai, and they are moved to sunny indoors or greenhouses during the peak flowering period in winter. Accompanied by the golden auspiciousness of golden beans and fluttering golden butterflies, fashionable flowers enter a warm home, making the winter warm and joyful. Sophora japonica plants are strong and vigorous, and one-year-old seedlings of 80.100cm can bloom. The tree's appearance is clean, cool and bright, and it is very popular. Due to the limited scale of seedling breeding, greening in towns and streets is currently rare. It is a rare species. Experts predict that Sophora japonica will be a must-select variety in the long task of urban beautification. The emergence of Sophora japonica has added new talent to the winter flower market. It blooms in summer and autumn with a long flowering period of about 3-4 months. The flowers are bright yellow, eye-catching in color, bright but not delicate. It is often used as an ornamental tree species for greening factories, campuses or urban roads.

Three: Introduction to planting technology

1. Propagation and cultivation

Cultivation and propagation are mainly based on seed sowing, but cuttings and lignified branches of the current year can also be cut. The survival rate of cuttings is higher after soaking branches with 50 mg/kg ABT No. 2 rooting powder in water for 2 hours. It should be carried out in spring or summer. When the light is strong, use a gray sunshade net to keep the seedbed moist and easy for rooting. The best cultivation soil quality is well-drained loam or sandy loam, and sufficient sunlight is required. Top dressing once every 1-2 months during commuting. Prune and reshape once from late winter to early spring. Aging plants should be pruned hard to promote new branches and achieve the purpose of having more branches and more leaves. Potted plants should be large pots larger than 33cm. The culture soil should be loose and fertile. They can be pruned according to their preferred shape. Avoid flooding and are more drought-tolerant. The suitable growth temperature is 17~30°C

2. Sowing and propagation

(1) Preparation before sowing

Select a nursery site. Generally, sandy loam soil with flat land, convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile soil, pH value below 7.0, and few pests, diseases, and weeds is selected as the nursery land.

(2) Land preparation and planting bed

Deep plowing should be carried out in winter to a depth of about 25cm to weather the soil and reduce pests and diseases. Half a month before sowing, apply 2.5t of organic fertilizer per 1hm2, and disinfect the soil (use 5 to 7.5kg of carbofuran, 10kg of ferrous sulfate and mud and spread it on the nursery land), and then harrow the bed. The required bed width is 1m, height is 25cm, length is 10-20m, walkway is 30cm, and depth is 25cm.

(3) Seed selection and germination

Generally, the seeds purchased on the market are not of high purity. Before sowing, seeds must be selected to remove seeds that are not full of grains and leave behind Pure seeds are germinated. Soak in water for half a day, then take out the seeds, place them on a soaked sack, cover them with a wet sack, and allow them to germinate in about a week. Once germination begins, sow seeds promptly. The sowing period for sowing Sophora japonica should be from late February to early March. Drill sowing is adopted. The depth of the sowing trench is 1.5~2cm and the distance between rows is 20cm. The seeding rate is 2kg per 667 square meters. After sowing, cover with fine soil to a thickness of 1.5 to 2cm, and gently tap it firmly with a wooden board to reduce the phenomenon of cotyledon shells being unearthed. Then cover it with straw to keep it warm and moisturizing, prevent the soil from compacting, and facilitate the germination and emergence of seeds.

3. Cultivation and management

After the seedbed is moisturized and covered with grass, immediately spray it with water once, and the water should be sprayed evenly. The seedbed must be kept moist in the future. Seedlings will begin to emerge in about 15 days. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be removed promptly and carefully. When 50% of the seedlings are unearthed, all should be removed. Removing weeds too late will result in loss of seedlings. After emergence, uneven density is prone to occur.

In order to ensure that the seedlings have a certain nutritional space and cultivate strong seedlings, thin out the dense areas and use sprouts to fill the gaps. Normal field management requires spraying water and moisturizing, weeding, loosening soil, fertilizing, etc. "Weed as soon as you see it, remove it early, remove small ones." When the seedlings grow to about 10cm, topdress with 10% manure every 15 days. , accelerate the growth of seedlings.