Beijing-Qinhuang Railway

The 290-kilometer-long Surprise Railway runs from Shuangqiao, the hub of Beijing to Qinhuangdao. It is an important passage for Shanxi Coal Sinotrans North Line and the first newly built railway in China. A double-track electrified railway, using AT power supply for the first time. The 155-kilometer Beijing end of the line is the second line added to the Tongtuo Line built in 1975, and the rest is newly built. The Beijing-Qinjiang Railway started construction in September 1981, was opened to traffic in 1984, and was put into operation in 1985. In 1986, an optical cable digital communication system was built. Right: Electric locomotive pulling a coal train.

◆Gunshi Railway

The Gunshi Railway starts from Chengjiazhuang on the Beijing-Shanghai Railway to Shijiusuo Port on the coast of the Yellow Sea, with a total length of 308 kilometers. It is a coal route from Shanxi and Shandong to the sea. The construction of the channel started in 1981 and was put into operation in 1985.

◆Xingun Railway Xingun Railway

It starts from Xinxiang on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, crosses the Yellow River at Changgen, enters Dongming, Shandong and arrives at Gunzhou, with a total length of 315 kilometers. Construction of the Jining to Heze section started in 1977 and was completed in 1982. Construction of the Xinxiang to Heze section started in 1983 and was completed in 1985. The Changdong Yellow River Bridge has a total length of 10,282 meters, 301 piers, and a 1,243-meter-long concession stand on the bridge. The bridge was completed in October 1985. This section of the Yellow River "cannot sail boats if there is water, and cannot drive vehicles if there is no water". The riverbed changes drastically due to erosion and blood stasis. It is known as the "tofu waist" and the project is very difficult.

Left picture: Changdong Yellow River Bridge is currently the longest railway bridge in China

◆Daqin Railway

The Datong-Qinhuang Railway starts from Hanjialing, the Datong hub, to Qinhuangdao. It is 653 kilometers long and crosses with the Fengsha Railway in Huailai, Hebei Province. It crosses with the Jingtong and Jingcheng Railways in Huairou, on the outskirts of Beijing. Construction started in 1985 and will be completed in 1992. This railway is an important channel for coal transportation in Yanbei, Pingshuo, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other regions, with an annual transportation volume of up to 100 million tons. The entire line adopts advanced technology and equipment, reaching the international level in the 1980s.

◆Ua Section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway

The Ua Section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway runs from Urumqi to Alashankou on the border and is connected with the former Soviet Union railway. The total length is 467 kilometers. This road was connected with the 1958 Construction started in 1961, stopped in 1961, resumed construction in 1985, and was completed in September 1990.

◆Tonghuo Railway

The Tonghuo Railway runs from Tongliao in Inner Mongolia to Huolin River, with a total length of 419 kilometers. It is a railway transporting open-pit coal from Huolin River. Construction started in May 1978 , opened to traffic in 1984 and delivered for operation on December 31, 1989. This railway is of great significance for lignite transportation, solving energy shortages in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, promoting economic development along the line and consolidating national defense.

◆Beijing-Kowloon Railway

Left: The Beijing-Kowloon Railway winding through the mountains (the red arrow points to the line location)

◆Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The investment in environmental protection projects along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will reach 1.2 billion yuan, setting a record in the history of China's railway construction. This was disclosed in a white paper titled "Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection in Tibet" published by the State Council Information Office here on the 10th.

The white paper stated that the goal of "building an ecologically and environmentally friendly railway" was determined at the beginning of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction demonstration.

When selecting railway lines, try to avoid key areas where wild animals inhabit and move. For road sections that cannot be avoided and must pass through wild animal activity areas, 25 different types of wildlife passages have been set up in different sections according to the habits and migration patterns of wild animals along the route; in many sections, specially designed crossings for wildlife migration have also been set up. Dry bridges passing through the passage will ensure the normal activities of wild animals along the railway to the greatest extent. For example, in June and July, in order for Tibetan antelopes to pass through the construction site smoothly to breed and breed, the relevant units participating in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway stopped construction for four days, and construction personnel and construction machinery evacuated the construction site.

The white paper stated that in order not to damage natural environments such as grasslands and wetlands, great attention was paid to the protection and restoration of surface vegetation during construction. The turf in areas where vegetation is difficult to grow, roadbeds and places where construction vehicles pass must be retained, transplanted section by section, and preserved in situ, and then covered on the completed roadbed slopes or construction site surfaces to reduce the loss of surface vegetation to Minimum extent. For areas with better natural conditions, grass species suitable for plateau growth will be selected, supplemented by suitable seeding and breeding techniques, and efforts will be made to restore surface vegetation. Experiments on artificially cultivated turf were carried out in areas with slightly better natural conditions, supplemented by spraying, film covering and other technologies. In the source area of ??the Yangtze River in the Tuotuo River, special experiments on plateau roadbed grass planting have achieved initial success.

The white paper states that after completion, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway stations will use environmentally friendly energy sources, mainly electric energy, solar energy, and wind energy, for heating. Waste at the station is collected and processed centrally; domestic sewage must be treated to meet standards and discharged, and used as much as possible for greening; passenger buses use closed bodies, and the garbage on the bus is bagged and transported to the plateau lower delivery station for centralized processing.

In terms of management, it adapts to the characteristics of the plateau and adopts the central station management model, with seven central stations set up across the entire line. Each central station has a management and control radius of about 80 kilometers and is fully responsible for driving and maintenance. Try to use remote automated control and mechanized maintenance to reduce the number of organizations and personnel on the plateau and protect the natural ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the greatest extent.

(2) Use advanced technology to accelerate railway modernization

The solution to the shortage of railway transportation capacity lies in the use of advanced technology to accelerate railway modernization. In terms of rolling stock, high-power traction power and new vehicles are used to expand the train formation, increase the weight of the train, and speed up the driving speed. Several new types of internal combustion and electric locomotives and passenger and freight vehicles have been developed for this purpose. At the same time, technology was introduced and a batch of diesel and electric locomotives were imported. From 1949 to 1989, the railway rolling stock factory manufactured 1,139 electric locomotives, 4,953 diesel locomotives, 3 gas turbine locomotives, 9,659 steam locomotives, and 26,922 passenger cars (including subway buses 447 vehicles), 450,678 trucks.

In terms of signaling, vigorously develop automated and semi-automated blocking systems, and promote electrical centralization, dispatching centralization and dispatching supervision to improve operating speed and ensure driving safety. In terms of communications, long-distance small coaxial cables are developed and long-distance cables are increased; carrier machines are developed in the direction of multi-channels such as 300 and 960 lines; railway long-distance telephone automation is developed in the direction of multi-door vertical and horizontal automatic switching with a capacity of 300 to 6,000 doors. In addition, optical fiber communications and special communications have been developed, such as dispatch telephones, departure telephones and train wireless dispatch telephones.

In terms of freight, the development of container transportation should be accelerated and the level of mechanized loading and unloading should be improved to reduce labor intensity.

In terms of line maintenance mechanization, in addition to self-developed tamping machines, track laying machines, slag unloaders, track bed shaping machines, long rail transport vehicles, and screen cleaners, complete sets of large road maintenance machinery have also been introduced to improve the efficiency of line maintenance. Line quality. We are also constantly innovating in the construction of bridges and tunnels. We have built a number of bridges with novel bridge styles and tunnels with complex technologies. We have built a number of bridge factories with advanced technology for manufacturing steel beams and concrete beams.

◆Dayaoshan Tunnel

The Dayaoshan double-track electrified tunnel is located in the Yaoshan mountainous area of ??Nanling in northern Guangdong between Pingshi and Lechang on the Beijing-Guangzhou line. It is the second line of the Hengguang-Guangzhou line. The key hero is 14,295 meters long. The tunnel construction uses four inclined shafts and vertical shafts to be excavated in sections. The tunnel adopts a composite lining structure and is constructed according to the New Austrian Method. At the same time, supporting large-scale modern machinery is used to realize comprehensive mechanized flow operations of blasting, installation, transportation, shotcrete support, and concrete lining. Picture on the right: The new railway bridge over the Qiantang River is located downstream of the old bridge. Construction started in 1987. The picture shows the night view of the construction site

◆Shanghai’s maglev train

The world will be shocked by the maglev train project in Shanghai, China. The “maglev speed” will rewrite the new speed of human ground travel, and the world’s transportation The history of development will also open a new page since Watt invented the steam engine and the Wright brothers invented the airplane.