1. Tree pruning in intensive cultivation garden
In the intensive cultivation garden with row spacing of 4~5m and plant spacing of 3~4m, young trees should adopt natural happiness or free spindle shape. These two kinds of trees form quickly and bear fruit early, but their economic life is short.
(1) naturally happy shape (also known as single-layer happy shape)
Set the stem height to 50cm, choose 2~3 main branches in the first year, and choose 1~2 branches staggered with the main branches of the previous year in the second year. Because the bud sequence of hawthorn is 2/6, the central branch often grows obliquely, so it can be biased to the side lacking the main branch by pulling branches to make the center of the crown happy. Under normal circumstances, the growth of the main branches of young hawthorn trees is often not short, and there is a short cut of about 40cm above 50cm. Leave the remaining branches as auxiliary branches, and put them all slowly without cutting them short. Competitive branches can be girdled, pulled out or thinned. Generally, it can be a tree in 3~4 years, and there are no side branches on the main branches. According to the size of space, branch groups can be directly arranged on the main branches every 30 ~ 40 cm. The base angle of the main branch should be 50 ~ 60.
(2) Free spindle shape (also called small crown shape without main branches)
When the height of the stem is 50cm, 5~7 medium branches are directly staggered on the central stem during pruning in the winter of 1 ~ 4 years, and the spacing between branches is 30~40cm. In the branching group, the extended branches are shortened or shallowed in the middle. In order to ensure that the central trunk is upright and strong, it is necessary to erect upright columns and sparse competitive branches. The branch base angle of the branch group skeleton is 70 ~ 80, and the branch should be pulled out if it is too small.
2. Tree pruning in forest-grain intercropping garden
In the forest-grain intercropping hawthorn orchard with row spacing of 8~ 10m and plant spacing of 6~7m, the tree body should be in the form of sparse trunk or double-layer open heart.
(1) Sparse hierarchical shape of trunk (also called evacuation hierarchical shape)
The height of the fixing rod is about 120cm. In winter cutting in the second and third years, three lateral branches with similar direction, angle and growth are selected as the main branches of the first layer, and 50~60cm short sections are left, and those with insufficient length can be left to the short sections of the next year. Select 1 the upright branch that is stronger than other branches as the central leading branch in the center of the crown, remove the competing branches, and keep other branches as auxiliary branches without pruning. In the fourth and fifth years of winter cuttage, two lateral branches were inserted at the position 100~ 120cm above the central trunk, and selected as the second layer main branch, so as not to affect the growth of the central main branch. At the same time, on the main branch of the first layer, the first lateral branch can be cultivated at a distance of about 50cm from the central trunk. In the fifth and sixth years, 1~2 lateral branches were selected from the central trunk 60~80cm away from the second main branch to cultivate the third main branch. At the same time, it is necessary to select the second lateral branch of the first layer main branch and the first lateral branch on the second layer main branch, and select the bearing branch group at the appropriate position of the lateral branch, and the branch group is directly arranged on the third layer main branch. Finally, I will bow my head and finish the plastic surgery task happily. The tree formed late and had few first fruits, but its yield per plant was high and its economic life could reach 40-50 years.
(2) Sparse crown (also called double pistachio)
The difference between tree pruning and sparse layered trunk is as follows: ① There are only two layers of main branches, and there is a weak oblique branch on the central main branch above the second layer of main branches, so it is happy to cut off the central main branch above. (2) The fruiting branch group is cultivated directly without setting lateral branches on the second main branch. In the hawthorn orchard with small plant spacing, each main branch can be directly selected from the main branch without leaving side branches. Trees without lateral branches are fast, compact, bear fruit early and are easy to come out early.
The specific operation of the above tree can be carried out with reference to the same tree of peach, apple and chestnut.