Morphological characteristic root; The root of Cymbidium hybridum is relatively short, with a length of 2 1-35cm and a diameter of 0.5- 1cm. The base is slightly thicker than the front end of the root and has no branches. Stem; Pseudobulb is inconspicuous and clustered, with a height of 1.4- 1.8cm and a diameter of 0.8- 1.3cm, which is oval. Leaves; 5-8 clumps, 30- 140 cm long or even longer, 0.6- 1.3 cm wide, narrow-band, often folded in half at the base, with strong uprightness, slightly curved upper leaves, thin leathery, hard texture, obvious midvein, translucent, protruding to the back of leaves, obviously parallel veins and rough leaf margin. Flowers: the flowering period is April-May, the early mid-April, the full flowering period is late April, and the last flowering period is May. There are 1-2 flower arrows, with orange-yellow flowers, deep purple veins and spots, which are usually rich in flowers. One stem has many flowers, often 6-12, fragrant. Flowering from March to May. Biological Characteristics Cymbidium hybridum is native to southwest China. I like warm winter and cool summer climate, high humidity and strong light, and the suitable growth temperature is 10℃ to 25℃. The suitable temperature at night is about 10℃, especially in flowering period. If the temperature is kept above 5℃ and below 15℃, the flowering period can be extended to 4 ~ 5 months. The flowering period can be from 10 to April of the following year according to different varieties. It takes three years for industrial cultivation from tissue culture seedlings to flowering. Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into mother ball, daughter ball and sun ball, among which the sun ball grows fastest.
Cymbidium likes strong light and can withstand 50 thousand to 70 thousand lux of strong light. Cymbidium hybridum is native to tropical and subtropical plateau of Asia, and likes cool and high humidity environment. The suitable temperature for its growth is 10-25℃. It should be kept in a low-temperature greenhouse in winter and at 10℃ at night.
The flower stems on the right are in good shape with normal elongation, and most of the flowers bloom in February-March. When the temperature is lower than 5℃ in winter, the leaves are slightly yellow, the flowering period is delayed and the flower stems are shorter. However, when the overwintering temperature is around 15℃, the leaves of the plant are green and shiny, but the flower stems will suddenly lengthen, and the flowering will be advanced to 1-2 months. The flower stems are soft and cannot stand upright, so they must be supported by columns. Grading standards Different varieties and different characters have different grading standards, but generally follow the following grading standards:
Grade A: The plant height is 80 ~ 120cm, with 4 ~ 5 flower arrows, each arrow has 15 ~ 20 flowers.
Grade B: The plant height is 60-80cm, with 3-4 flower arrows, and each arrow has 10- 14 flowers.
Class C: Plant height is 40-50 cm, 1 2 flower arrows, 6-9 flowers per flower.
It can also be divided into big flower series (flower diameter 8 to 10 cm), middle flower series (6 to 8 cm) and small flower series (4 to 5 cm) according to the size of flower diameter. The virgin forest of traditional orchid is a zone of terrestrial plants and mountainous areas, which are called Gaolan, Dalan, Niulan and Shanglan by villagers in mountainous areas. The ancients called one stem and nine flowers "Hui", and "Hui Xin" refers to the beautiful and kind heart of China. Osmanthus fragrans plants are generally tall, with 5- 13 leaves, the leaf length is about 35-80 cm, the leaf width is 0.5- 1.5 cm, the veins are thick and obvious, the serrations on the leaf margin are obvious and thick, and the pseudobulb is not obvious. Pedicels are erect, with a diameter of 65,438+0 cm, and those with a diameter of 65,438+0 cm are as thin as thread incense, generally about 35-80 cm high. There are 5 to 30 flowers. The diameter of the flower is about 3.5-8 cm.
The color is mostly yellow-green or green, with green velvet moss on the tongue flap and many purple spots on it. The flowering period is from April to early May in the country of origin, and it occasionally blooms again in autumn. Osmanthus fragrans is widely distributed, and it is also distributed to the north of Qinling Mountains. The native land is higher than Chunlan, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and sunny. There are slight differences in leaf shape and flower quality among varieties of origin, which are divided into Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, western Anhui, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, southern Shanghai and Guangzhou.
Orchid is a terrestrial plant native to forest. Its pseudobulb is small or not obvious. Its leaves are 25-80 cm long and 7- 12 mm wide. The flowers are nearly erect or slightly curved, 35 ~ 50 cm long, 5 ~ 1 1 flower, 6 cm in diameter and fragrant. The flowering period is from March to May. They are distributed in southwestern China, southern Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet, as well as Nepal and India. Born in a humid, open and well-drained place at an altitude of 700 ~ 3000 meters. Cymbidium hybridum is one of the oldest cultivated orchids in China, and many excellent varieties have been bred from wild plants. Cymbidium hybridum is also the northernmost species of this genus in China, with strong cold tolerance.
The main varieties are: Acura, Di Chin Crisp, Su Wenzhou, Xie Peimei, Old Shanghai Plum, Cuicalyx, Dayipin, Jiangnan New Acura and so on. A new scientific and technological variety Cymbidium hybridum is an evergreen perennial epiphytic herb. It is the floorboard of epiphytic species of Orchidaceae. Pseudobulb is stout, rectangular and slightly flat, with 6-8 banded leaves, 70cm ~ 1 10cm long and 2cm ~ 3cm wide. The flower stems are nearly erect or slightly curved, with a length of 60 cm ~ 90 cm and 6 ~ 12 or more flowers. Scapes range from 40 cm to 150 cm, and leaves are light green to dark green. Each pot has 3 to 5 standard flower stems, and each flower stem has 6 to 20 flowers. Among them, green varieties are mostly fragrant.
The flowers are large, with a diameter of 6 cm ~ 10 cm, and the colors are white, yellow, green, purplish red or with purple-brown stripes. It is one of the most widely cultivated orchids in China and is deeply loved by people all over the world. Division propagation method. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Potted with fern root, moss, bark, etc. The rhizosphere ventilation and drainage are required to be particularly good. After the flower buds are formed in autumn, a cooling period is needed before flowering in spring. The temperature at night in winter is about 65438 00℃. The popular varieties in this section are commonly cultivated: exclusive, cicada orchid, jasper orchid, Tibetan tiger orchid and a large number of hybrid varieties. The original commercial varieties of Cymbidium hybridum mainly came from Japan and Korea. In recent years, many domestic companies have begun to study variety breeding, tissue culture technology and cultivation technology. At present, the main popular varieties are as follows:
Pink Series: Imperial Lady, Pink Monroe, Nancy and Dream
Green series:' Jasper',' Phantom' (strong fragrance),' Waltz' (fragrance) and' Jade Zen'
Yellow series: sunset (perfume), bright moon and flying saucer.
White series:' Glacier' and' Dawn' orchids are traditionally divided into red shell, green shell, red-green shell and white-green shell. Like Chunlan, it is also divided into lotus petals, plum petals and daffodil petals. Flowers without other colors are also called plain hearts. Allusion: The history and culture of Whelan, China. The word Whelan appeared in Chu Ci by Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period. In his words, he said, "There are nine acres (one acre and twelve acres-the leader) and a hundred acres of trees." The "Hui" mentioned here can only be understood as a kind of vanilla with good fragrance, and whether it refers to the orchid we are talking about today is still controversial. What can be identified as the "Hui" of cymbidium today is the Hui in Youfangge written by Huang Tingjian, a poet and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, which reads "Cymbidium is full of flowers and fragrance, but it is not enough for those who are full of flowers and fragrance". Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum were very popular in Song Dynasty, so it is necessary to distinguish these herbs. These two words of Huang Tingjian became the basis for future generations to distinguish cymbidium from cymbidium. Modern plant taxonomy named this cymbidium that blooms in late spring as cymbidium. If Huang Tingjian only distinguishes orchids from Hui by their characters, then Kerou Zhu's Notes on Incense in the Early Qing Dynasty noticed the different cultivation methods of orchids and Hui. He said: "if you like the sun, you must bask in the sun at three o'clock in the first half of the day ... when you are in Lanzhou, you will be able to make a pilgrimage." During the years of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, there were many famous products in Huilan, such as Dayipin, Mei Cheng, Guanding, Shanghai Mei, Pan Lvmei and Laizi.
Some famous orchid products have been recorded in Xu Naihe's Orchid Concentric Record during Tongzhi period in Qing Dynasty. For example, the first of the eight famous orchids is called the top grade in Whelan Tong Xinlu, which is praised by a poem: "The scholar is arrogant and praises the leader; Since entering Jiangnan, it is not easy for a thousand dollars to win this award. " The early Qing students' analysis and interpretation of the petal shape of orchids in Miscellanies of Yi Lan opened the door to orchid aesthetics. It was not until the reform and opening-up era that a large number of irises and exotic flowers and herbs appeared. In the past two hundred years, the flower aesthetics of Cymbidium paid special attention to the petal shape and had a wide influence, which became the traditional aesthetic concept of Cymbidium.
In 12 (1923), Wu Enyuan, a native of Yuhang, compiled A Brief History of Orchids, which further summarized the traditional varieties and new species of Orchids at that time and divided them into three categories: red-shelled orchids, green-shelled orchids and red-green orchids. From 65438 to 0959, Yao's book Orchid in Yilan, Hangzhou added iris and plain flower. After 1980s, a large number of new varieties of orchids were developed, and orchid families around the world added exotic flowers and colorful flowers to orchids according to the new discoveries. At this point, Cymbidium hybridum has become a huge and distinctive branch of orchids in China.
Orchids had spread to Japan and South Korea in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, the Japanese collected a large number of orchids from China and sold them to Japan for cultivation. However, due to years of war in China, there were two or three man-made disasters in the decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China. By the end of last century, there was an orchid craze in Guoxing, Wang Lan and China, and some traditional orchids could not be found in China, so they had to be sold back to China from Japan. The development history of an orchid also reflects the rise and fall of a nation.
Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher of Huilan in China, said in Youfangge that "Orchid is like a gentleman" and "You have a scholar-bureaucrat", which opened the way for Huilan to appreciate. Li Yu, a writer and florist in the early Qing Dynasty, specially wrote an article about "orchids", saying: "The reason why orchids are inferior is not the flowers and fragrance, but the leaves ... the leaves are bitter and long ... and they are too fat." Generally speaking, if cultivated well, the plants of Cymbidium hybridum are taller than Cymbidium hybridum, and the flower branches are also large and tall, with many flowers, which are very magnificent and bright, and the fragrance is overflowing. Therefore, people who appreciate doorways will appreciate Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, while people who watch the scene of bustle will appreciate Cymbidium hybridum more than others. In recent years, the price increase of Cymbidium hybridum is often higher than Cymbidium hybridum, and more than that. This is a general reward for cymbidium.
The appreciation of orchids has paid special attention to the petal shape of flowers since the theory of petal shape appeared. Plum petals and narcissus petals are the most expensive, the round thick tongue is the best, and the outer three petals (sepals) are the best. Most of its famous products are of this kind. There are few lotus petals in orchids. In recent years, lotus petals have been found, which is also very popular. Generally speaking, the leaves of cymbidium are like wormwood, and few people appreciate them except a few brightly colored flowers. In recent years, the butterfly petals and exotic flowers of Cymbidium hybridum are colorful and dazzling, especially those with many petals and bright tongue color are highly respected and bid high. Su Xin class is also very popular. Things are rare, because cymbidium is mostly yellow-green flowers, such as cymbidium with red flowers, purple flowers, black flowers and milky white flowers, which are also highly valued, and bright colors are better. Petals and calyx petals are thick, waxy and jade-like, which are often good products. There are many thick flowers in the branches of Cymbidium hybridum. When you appreciate them, you should also pay attention to whether the layout between flowers in the whole branch is patchy and mellow. Beautiful leaf art is also a good product, and occasionally leaf art, floral art and petal modeling are more popular. Editing this section of cymbidium has a long history of cultivation in China, which has a history of thousands of years. It is cultivated all over China, especially in the southwest and Taiwan Province province. It has the reputation of "the best fragrance in the world" and "fragrant beauty". Orchids are pure, soft, elegant and fragrant, and are unique personalized flowers in the world.
In ancient times, there was a record that "the words of one heart stink like blue", and the refreshing fragrance of "blue" was compared to the smell of a bosom friend. Therefore, later generations often use "blue face" as a metaphor for like-minded remarks. There is a poem in Li Sao, which is "presented as a compliment" and the metaphor of "orchid" is "clean". There is a famous sentence in Shuo Yuan, "Within ten steps, there will be fragrance of orchid", which states people's enthusiasm for life and points out that as long as you pay close attention, you will certainly find many beautiful things around us. Zhang Hua, an ancient man, wrote in "Love Poems" that "the beauty is far away, but the blue room has no light". Here, "blue room" has become synonymous with women's bedrooms. In the past, "dream orchid" was used to describe a woman's pregnancy. This allusion comes from the story of a princess who dreamed of an angel and gave birth to orchids in the Spring and Autumn Period recorded in Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan's Three Years. In ancient times, friends were bound to each other, and sworn brothers needed to exchange birthday "music stickers". This "Le Tie" is called "Lan Pu", so it is called "Jin Lan Becoming sworn". The ancients called beautiful articles "Zhang Lan". China Since ancient times, many women have had the word "Lan" in their names, such as "Mulan". Chinese Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang has the word "Lan" in his works.
Orchid is one of the oldest precious flowers in China. The fragrance of orchids is clear but not turbid, with subtle fragrance, pure and elegant, intriguing and lasting. Orchids are elegant in color, dignified and graceful in flower posture, with green leaves all year round and slender leaves, which are both rigid and flexible, charming and detached. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period in China, Gou Jian, King of Yue, planted orchids on a large scale in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang. In the Tang Dynasty in China, appreciation of the blue wind prevailed. In Li Shimin's poem Lanfang, Emperor Taizong said, "The shadows of the sun are uneven, and the wind is scattered and fragrant." Li Bai's "Orchid fragrance is far away from the wind", Liu Yuxi's "Orchid fragrance is secluded in the forest" and Meng Jiao's "Orchid will not change color when broken, and orchid will not change its fragrance when it dies" are all good sentences describing orchids. According to Khan Manlu, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei was very good at cultivating orchids. A bluegrass has a poem, and a half flower has a thousand paintings. Bluegrass is implicit, beautiful and elegant, which is beyond the reach of thousands of poems and paintings. Related works The earliest work in China on the characteristics of orchid varieties, orchid quality and irrigation methods of cultivation management is Zhang Jin Lan Pu written by Zhao Shigeng in the sixth year of Shaoding in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1233). Since then, there have been more than ten works about orchids in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Lan Pu by Wang, Lan Pu by Ming Dynasty, Chu Xiang by Qing Dynasty and Hui Lan Jing by Tu Yunzhuang in Qing Dynasty. New China With the development of Chinese gardening, orchids have been introduced and cultivated in many parts of the country, and many monographs on orchids have been published, such as Sichuan Orchid, Xiamen Orchid, Orchid Taxonomy in China and Orchid. Since the Song Dynasty, orchids from China have spread to Japanese and European countries. In recent years, in many countries, orchids have been produced by industrialized methods of test-tube seedling raising, which has actually formed an "orchid industry". Edit the cultivation points of this flowerpot.
Orchids have well-developed roots. According to the habit of hydrophobic ventilation of orchids, the flowerpots selected by orchids are more special than ordinary flowerpots. It is best to choose the "blue pot" and "blue flowerpot" with rough and dry texture, beautiful glaze color, empty bottom and orchid at the foot of the pot. Generally, there are large and small, deep bottom, like a trumpet, with an upward mouth. There are water holes at the bottom, and there are many small water holes around the bottom of the basin. Its purpose is to make the roots of orchids breathe better. Newly planted orchids are best planted in "orchid pots". After more than a year of cultivation, the new roots can be moved to the beautiful purple sand "blue basin" after normal development.
land
The key to orchid cultivation is to use soil. Orchids are air-rooted flowers in the air, so acidic soil containing humus and good air permeability must be used. Orchids grown in mountain mud have better cultivation effect. Orchid soil can also be prepared by 70% sandy loam soil and 30% coarse humus soil. After blending, it can only be used after being stacked for more than three years.
The selected basin soil should be screened to separate coarse and fine particles. Potted soil should be disinfected to prevent pests. You can spray 800 times of "Tobezin" or "Bordeaux" to prevent it. At present, there are ready-made special cultivation soil for orchids in the flower and bird market, which is very effective, clean and odorless, and can be used as you buy it.
Shangpen
The new roots of wild orchids dug from the mountains have not yet developed well, and there are many broken roots. First of all, remove the soil from the roots, rinse with clear water, and cut off dead leaves and scorched leaves. For leaves infected with diseases and insect pests, the diseased spots should be cut mercilessly. In addition, the rotten and yellow old roots should be cut off. If orchids don't take root completely, they should keep the old roots and root cores without root tips. It is best to mix orchids with 600 times of fungicides or antiviral alum or medical penicillin and streptomycin, dissolve each bottle of injection powder in 2.5 kg of water, soak the prepared solution for two hours, and then take it out and wash it. Sun-dried orchid roots can activate the vitality of orchid plants, making them soft, easy to straighten, not easy to break and easy to put in pots. In order to prevent the blue leaves from drying out, you can shade them, and generally light them for about 2 hours.
When the root of Cymbidium hybridum is slightly white, use a sharp knife to separate the connected seedlings and remove too much leafless pseudobulb, because some leafless pseudobulb will not germinate at all. The general practice is: planting, selecting 1~2 fresh pseudobulb for one or two seedlings. More than three conjoined seedlings, no matter how many leafless pseudobulb are connected, should be separated and treated separately. The incision can be coated with plant ash or sulfur powder for anticorrosion. Then, according to the length of the leaves, classify them into pots. The hole at the bottom of the basin should be padded with about a quarter of large carbon, with coarse soil first and then a small amount of fine soil. When planting, the roots of orchids should be scattered. When adding soil, the flowerpot should be shaken several times, and the depth should be close to the bottom of the leaf. The soil on the surface of the basin should be slightly arched and slightly compact, so that the roots of orchids can stick to the soil, which is conducive to germination and growth. You can put some pumice or ground velvet grass on the surface of the flowerpot to keep moisture. Then pour it thoroughly for several times and put it in a cool and ventilated place. Five days later, the potted plants were moved to a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place for cultivation.
Traditionally, different species of orchids cannot be mixed in one pot. Because long-term mixed planting will cause the variation of orchid varieties. Because of different management requirements, varieties with different flowering periods should not be mixed in one pot. Some orchids have different leaf shapes and colors, which are not good-looking and harmonious when mixed together. It is a simple method to induce mutation consciously and plant different orchid varieties in a pot. But it will take a long time. Orchid is a terrestrial plant, which likes moistening and hates waterlogging. Many early breeders, afraid of their lack of water, watered too much water and simply rotted the fleshy roots of orchids. The watering principle of soil-grown orchids is "dry rather than wet", as long as certain moisture is maintained in the orchid soil. For orchids cultivated without soil, the opposite is "rather wet than dry".
Orchids don't need much water, so they should be dry, not wet. Water once a week in June 5438+ 10 and February; In March and April, pay water every 3~4 days; In May, water is poured every two days; In June, water is poured once a day; In July and August, water is poured every three days; From September to 65438+February, watering is gradually reduced from twice a day to once a week, so be careful not to get wet.
Orchids should be watered by rivers, springs and wells. If tap water is used, it should be left for a period of time until the chlorine in the water is released. The water quality of orchids is generally at PH 5~6. You can buy acid-base test paper at the drugstore to test the water quality. For people with insufficient acidity, some salt and rice vinegar can be added to the water to adjust. Orchid watering is very learned. Who should water it by the basin? Water in the early morning or evening in summer, and avoid watering at noon. The water quantity should not be too large. Generally, watering once a week and twice a week in summer will lead to plant diseases and insect pests in orchid roots. Especially in rainy weather, the soil in the basin should be dry, not wet, and the dry basin is conducive to the germination of new leaves of orchids.
illuminate
Orchids can bask in the sun in the first half of March-April; From the end of April, after 9 am, it is not suitable to bask in the sun; Chunlan can bask in the sun for two hours every day, and shade early every day from June to September. /kloc-coloring can be postponed after 0/0 months.
temperature
Orchids are cold-resistant, and can be put outdoors for winter except in cold days. Generally, when the outdoor temperature is 2~3℃, orchids should be moved indoors immediately. The temperature is high in summer, and orchids should be sprayed properly to cool and moisturize in dry season.
Fertilize soil or land
Newly planted orchids can only be fertilized if they grow new roots 2 cm long. Generally, the new roots are about 2 months long, and some people advocate cultivating 1~2 years. Orchid fertilizer can be prepared by itself. The method is to use 4 parts of plant ash, 0/0 parts of bean cake/KLOC-0 and 6 parts of bone meal, mix them evenly, store them in a container, add water several times, and dilute them after fermentation for one year.
Fertilization generally begins before new grass is unearthed in May and stops in early autumn. Fertilize once every 15~20 days, and fertilization should be carried out in the evening. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer frequently. Fertilize at night and water in the morning. Commonly known as "backwater". There are 9 kinds of fertilizers applied to orchids:
① Su-promoting fertilizer: This fertilizer can promote the early germination of orchid plants. 0.2% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, Shida 500 times solution and Huabao No.4 1000 times solution can be selected.
(2) Germination accelerating fertilizer: apply fertilizer after half a month. Fertilizer is the same as Sue to promote fertilizer, and it can also be replaced with 500 times of "Lanjunwang" solution;
(3) Promoting flower bud fertilizer: At this time, the orchid leaf buds are unearthed for 3-5 cm, which is in the suspension growth period and the new buds take root. At this time, the orchid mother plant began to enter the reproductive growth stage, and the plant needed less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus fertilizer. The roots can be watered with Huabao No.3 1000 times solution, and the roots can be sprayed with 800~ 1000 times solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax.
④ Fertilizer promotion: When the new buds grow 2 cm roots, flower bud differentiation is a foregone conclusion, and the new buds urgently need to be supplemented with nutrition. At this time, compound fertilizer solution should be applied once a month or "Huabao No.5" should be sprayed;
⑤ Flower fertilizer: Fertilize about 30 days before flowering. A small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times solution, "Yiduo liquid fertilizer" and "Xishuo" can be applied;
6 confinement: at this time, orchids are in flowering stage. In order to provide more nutritional supplements to plants in time, 0.3% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied, and fertilizers such as Xishuo, Jialanbao, Perilla frutescens, plant fitness elements and compound trace elements can be sprayed on the leaves.
⑦ Cold-resistant fertilizer: Before the orchids overwinter, apply more phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. Phosphorus can reduce the freezing point of plant cells, and potassium can increase plant cellulose and promote the toughness of plant cortex. Never apply nitrogen fertilizer in winter and cold weather;
⑧ fertilizer: it refers to a three-element balanced fertilizer applied to plants before dividing plants and changing pots, so as to improve the survival and rejuvenation of plants, and fertilizers such as "Huabao No.2", "Mineral Fitness Element" and "Meineng Element" can be sprayed on the leaves;
Pet-name ruby root fertilizer: Root-promoting fertilizer can be sprayed with 1500 times of "promoting root" or 1000 times of "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" or 1000 times of "Lanjunwang" or 3000 times of "promoting root".
If each fertilizer is applied 1-2 times, it can be applied more than 10 times a year. It is important to note that tea can not be used as a fertilizer for orchids, because tea is alkaline, which will alkalize the soil matrix after application and affect the growth of orchids. The management of orchids can be summarized in four sentences, called "Spring does not come out, summer does not last, autumn is not dry, and winter is not wet". Orchids "like fat but fear turbidity", so the fat must be weak, otherwise it will hurt the leaves and roots.