Stamping die-in the cold stamping process, materials (metal or nonmetal) are processed into parts (or semi-finished products), which is called cold stamping die (commonly known as cold stamping die).
In the production of stamping parts, reasonable stamping technology, advanced die and efficient stamping equipment are three essential elements.
Characteristics of stamping: Due to the above outstanding advantages, cold stamping has been widely used in mass production and occupies a very important position in modern industrial production. It is an essential processing method in national defense industry and civil industrial production.
1. High stamping productivity and high material utilization rate;
2. The produced parts have high precision, complexity and consistency;
Stamping processing must have a corresponding die, which is a technology-intensive product, and its manufacture belongs to single piece and small batch production, which has the characteristics of great processing difficulty, high precision, high technical requirements and high production cost (about 10% ~ 30% of the product cost). Therefore, only mass production of stamping parts can fully reflect the advantages of stamping process and obtain good economic benefits.
Because the shape, size and precision of the parts are different, the stamping process is also different. According to the deformation characteristics of materials, the cold stamping process can be divided into two types: separation process and forming process.
Separation process-refers to the separation of the blank after the stress of the deformed part reaches the strength limit σb under the impact force. The separation process mainly includes cutting and stamping.
Forming process-refers to the processing process that under the impact force, the stress of deformed parts reaches the yield limit σs but not the strength limit σb, so that the blank is plastically deformed and becomes a part with a certain shape, size and accuracy. The forming process mainly includes bending, stretching, flanging and spinning. Detailed classification and characteristics of stamping process
Stamping die is an essential process equipment for stamping production and a technology-intensive product. The quality, production efficiency and production cost of stamping parts are directly related to the design and manufacture of dies. The technical level of mold design and manufacturing is one of the important symbols to measure the manufacturing level of a country's products, which largely determines the quality, benefit and development ability of new products.
There are many forms of stamping dies, which can generally be classified according to the following main characteristics:
1. Classification according to process attributes
(1) Stamping die A die that separates materials along a closed or open contour. Such as blanking die, punching die, cutting die, cutting die, trimming die, cutting die, etc.
(2) Bending the die makes the blank or other blanks bend and deform along a straight line (bending line), thus obtaining a die with a certain angle and shape.
(3) Drawing die is a die that makes the blank of sheet metal into an open hollow part or further changes the shape and size of the hollow part.
(4) The forming die is a die for directly copying and forming a blank or semi-finished workpiece according to the shapes of the male die and the female die, and the material itself only produces local plastic deformation. Such as expanding die, necking die, flaring die, wavy forming die, flanging die, shaping die, etc.
2. Classification according to the degree of process combination
(1) Single-process stamping die A die that only completes one stamping process in one stroke of the printing machine.
(2) The compound die has only one station, and in one stroke of the press, two or more stamping processes are completed at the same station at the same time.
(3) The progressive die (also called the continuous die) has two or more stations in the feeding direction of the blank, and in one stroke of the press, two or more stamping processes are continuously completed at different stations.
3. Classification according to the deformation characteristics of materials
Typical mold structure:
Fig. 1. 1.2 is a single-process blanking die with a guide post and a guide sleeve. It consists of an upper die and a lower die. The upper die consists of a die handle 5, an upper die holder 3, a guide sleeve 2, a punch 10, a backing plate 8, a fixing plate 7, a discharging plate 14, screws, pins and other parts. The lower die consists of lower die holder 17, guide post 1, female die1,guide plate 15, support plate 18, screws, pins and other parts. The upper die is installed on the slider of the press through the die handle 5, and moves up and down with the slider, so it is called the movable part. The lower die is fixed on the workbench of the press through the lower die seat, so it is also called a fixed part.
Generally, molds consist of two types of parts:
One kind is process parts, which directly participate in the completion of the process and have direct contact with the blank, including work parts, positioning parts, unloading pressing parts and so on.
One kind is structural parts, which do not directly participate in the completion of the process, nor directly contact with the blank, but only play the role of ensuring the completion of the mold process, or improve the mold function, including guide parts, fasteners, standard parts and other parts, as shown in table 1. 1.3. It should be pointed out that not all stamping dies must have the above six parts, especially single-process dies, but the working part and the necessary fixed part are indispensable.
Reference: Design and manufacture of stamping die in Chengdu Aviation Vocational and Technical College
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