Brilliance Spans the Roof of the World —— Written at the Opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway
June 5438+1October 65438+February, 2005, destined to leave an indelible mark in the world railway history: the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the plateau frozen soil railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world, was paved. 10 On June 5438+05, the first batch of aid materials arrived in Lhasa by Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of the history that Tibet has no access to railways, and also marks that all provinces and cities in China have access to railways.
Break through the frozen soil problem, overcome plateau hypoxia and protect fragile ecology.
Solve the problems of railway construction one by one
It is the dream of several generations of China people to build a railway into Tibet. Since the founding of New China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have been concerned about the construction of the railway into Tibet. From 65438 to 0984, the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was officially put into operation. On June 29th, 20001,the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway 1 142km was officially started.
Landslide, earthquake, sandstorm, lightning, strong sunshine, debris flow. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet railway project is also facing three major world railway construction problems: "frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen, and fragile ecology". Over the past four years, 65,438+10,000 road-building troops have carried forward the Qinghai-Tibet Railway spirit of "challenging the limit and bravely creating first-class", and created one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross a 550-kilometer continuous permafrost region, and there are also some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swamp wetland and slope wetland, which is the biggest difficulty in engineering construction. More than 200 scientific research and engineering technicians have jointly tackled key problems, and have successively overcome many world-wide problems such as tunnel, bridge and subgrade construction application technology in permafrost. Many frozen soil engineering measures have been pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "World Museum of Frozen Soil Engineering".
The ice thickness of the wind volcano exceeds150m. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway could not pass the wind and volcano at all. China Railway 20th Bureau, who is in charge of the construction, has cooperated with many scientific research units to solve a number of worldwide problems in plateau frozen soil construction. From June 5, 2002 to 10, the Fenghuoshan tunnel was successfully connected.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is over 3000 meters above sea level, of which the section over 4000 meters is 960 kilometers, with the highest point of 5072 meters. The annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, the extreme minimum temperature is MINUS 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content in the air is only half that of the mainland. Builders may have life-threatening altitude sickness such as pulmonary edema and brain edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command insists on health protection first, replacing the rhetoric of "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid" with "people-oriented, health protection". Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and employees who are sick can be sent to the site hospital for treatment within half an hour. There are 17 large oxygen stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and workers are required to take oxygen for at least 2 hours every day on average. In the more than four years since the construction started, no one died because of altitude sickness.
There are many kinds of rare animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a large population and fragile ecological environment. The total investment of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 33.09 billion yuan, of which environmental protection investment exceeds 654.38+0.2 billion yuan. The headquarters also implemented the environmental supervision system for the first time in a large-scale project in China, and entrusted a third party to carry out the whole environmental monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for key projects in China: for the first time, a letter of responsibility for environmental protection was signed with the provinces and regions where the railway passed; Build a migration channel for wild animals for the first time; Successfully planted transplanted turf at high altitude for the first time. ...
Reduce transportation costs, expand foreign exchanges and change consumption structure.
The opportunity of plateau development comes once in a blue moon.
People who have just arrived in Tibet will feel the same way: the price is high. According to a survey conducted by relevant departments in Tibet, the actual purchasing power of one ton of coal 700 yuan and one ton of cement 800 yuan in Lhasa is equivalent to that of 54 yuan in coastal areas. The main reason is that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based transportation mode increases the transportation cost of materials entering and leaving Tibet and the economic expenditure of personnel entering and leaving Tibet.
Inconvenient transportation has increasingly become the bottleneck of Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. The development of plateau characteristic industries such as tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine, processing of agricultural and livestock products, and national handicrafts are all restricted by traffic.
Since the operation of Xining-Golmud section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it has become the main road to develop Qaidam Basin in Qinghai and promote the economic development of Qinghai and Tibet provinces. Golmud, a new Gobi city, has developed from the Gobi desert to a modern city.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which runs through Qinghai and Tibet provinces, is a strategic channel connecting Qinghai and the mainland, and an important part of the road network skeleton in the hinterland of the west. The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will provide a broad space for the economic development of the two provinces, fundamentally improve the transportation facilities in Tibet, make Tibet form a three-dimensional transportation by railway, highway and air, completely solve the problem of difficult entry and exit of materials and personnel, speed up the rational adjustment of industrial structure, and gradually form its own economic hematopoietic function.
Connect the plateau landscape in series, show charming charm and attract the attention of the world.
The golden tourist route came out.
Blue sky and white clouds, snow-capped mountains and canyons, folk customs, religious temples ... The mysterious Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has always attracted Chinese and foreign tourists with its great charm. Since 1980, the number of tourists in Tibet has increased by 27.6% annually, and the tourism revenue has increased by 34% annually, both of which are significantly higher than the national average.
Tibet has regarded tourism as the first characteristic economy, but the traffic jam has restricted the development of tourism. After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it will not only provide passengers with lower fares, but also connect Xining, Golmud and Lhasa into a whole, forming a tourist circle around Golmud and Lhasa.
After completion, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be open to traffic all day, and an infrared monitoring system will be used. The train speed can reach 120km/h in general sections and 100km/h in frozen soil sections. This means that the journey from Golmud to Lhasa will not exceed 12 hours.
According to reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway trains are divided into ordinary passenger cars and sightseeing trains. The former mainly transports passengers, while the latter has tourism function. Every resort can stop for sightseeing. It is estimated that the annual passenger capacity of sightseeing trains is 900,000 passengers. At that time, tourists will sit in the car with oxygen supply function, enjoy food, ethnic customs performances and other services, and browse the beautiful scenery outside the window. This will undoubtedly increase the number of tourists in Tibet and promote the vigorous development of tourism in Tibet.
Facing the new situation, Tibet has put forward a leap-forward development strategy. The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will undoubtedly make Tibet take the express train of the times and sail for a better tomorrow.
Zhan Tianyou, whose real name is as soon as possible, is from Wuyuan, Jiangxi. 186 1 year (the 11th year of Qing Xianfeng) was born in an ordinary family of tea merchants. When I was a child, Zhan Tianyou was very interested in machines, and often made various machine models with the children in the neighborhood. Sometimes, he will secretly take apart the bells at home, fiddle with the components inside and ask questions that even adults can't answer. From 65438 to 0872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, went to Hongkong to sign up for the preparatory class for young children going abroad organized by the Qing government. After passing the exam, my father drew a note on a certificate of going abroad, which said, "Be safe if you are sick." After that, he left his parents and came to the United States to study with the ideal of learning western "skills".
In the United States, students in preparatory classes abroad witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students are pessimistic about the future of China, but Zhan Tianyou firmly said, "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1867. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. After four years in college, Zhan Tianyou studied hard, ranking first in the graduation examination with excellent results. 188 1 year, of the 120 China students who returned home, only two got their degrees, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.
◆ Wu 'an Section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway
The Wu 'an section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway runs from Urumqi to Alashankou on the border and is connected with the railway of the former Soviet Union, with a total length of 467 kilometers. Road 1958 started, 19 1 stopped, 1985 resumed, and was completed in September 1990.
◆ Shi Zhuan Railway
Lishi Railway starts from Cheng Jiazhuang, beijing-shanghai railway and ends at Shijiusuo Port in the Yellow Sea, with a total length of 308 kilometers. It is a channel for Shanxi and Shandong coal to go to sea. 198 1 start, 1985 put into production.
◆ Beijing-Qinhuangdao Railway
This amazing railway is 290 kilometers long, extending from Shuangqiao, the hub of Beijing, to Qinhuangdao. It is an important channel of Shanxi coal transportation north line, and it is also the first newly-built double-track electrified railway in China, which adopts AT power supply mode for the first time. The Beijing end of this line 155km is the second line of Tongtuo Line built at 1975, and the rest are newly built. Beijing-Qinhuangdao Railway 198 1 started in September, 1984 was opened to traffic, 1985 was put into operation, and 1986 completed the optical cable digital communication system. Right: The electric locomotive pulls the coal train.
Answer: the screw is broken-the first level of the magic apprentice 3-6 2 1:44
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New Achievements of Railway Construction in China
Brilliance Spans the Roof of the World —— Written at the Opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway
June 5438+1October 65438+February, 2005, destined to leave an indelible mark in the world railway history: the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the plateau frozen soil railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world, was paved. 10 On June 5438+05, the first batch of aid materials arrived in Lhasa by Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of the history that Tibet has no access to railways, and also marks that all provinces and cities in China have access to railways.
Break through the frozen soil problem, overcome plateau hypoxia and protect fragile ecology.
Solve the problems of railway construction one by one
It is the dream of several generations of China people to build a railway into Tibet. Since the founding of New China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have been concerned about the construction of the railway into Tibet. From 65438 to 0984, the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was officially put into operation. On June 29th, 20001,the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway 1 142km was officially started.
Landslide, earthquake, sandstorm, lightning, strong sunshine, debris flow. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet railway project is also facing three major world railway construction problems: "frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen, and fragile ecology". Over the past four years, 65,438+10,000 road-building troops have carried forward the Qinghai-Tibet Railway spirit of "challenging the limit and bravely creating first-class", and created one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross a 550-kilometer continuous permafrost region, and there are also some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swamp wetland and slope wetland, which is the biggest difficulty in engineering construction. More than 200 scientific research and engineering technicians have jointly tackled key problems, and have successively overcome many world-wide problems such as tunnel, bridge and subgrade construction application technology in permafrost. Many frozen soil engineering measures have been pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "World Museum of Frozen Soil Engineering".
The ice thickness of the wind volcano exceeds150m. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway could not pass the wind and volcano at all. China Railway 20th Bureau, who is in charge of the construction, has cooperated with many scientific research units to solve a number of worldwide problems in plateau frozen soil construction. From June 5, 2002 to 10, the Fenghuoshan tunnel was successfully connected.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is over 3000 meters above sea level, of which the section over 4000 meters is 960 kilometers, with the highest point of 5072 meters. The annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, the extreme minimum temperature is MINUS 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content in the air is only half that of the mainland. Builders may have life-threatening altitude sickness such as pulmonary edema and brain edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command insists on health protection first, replacing the rhetoric of "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid" with "people-oriented, health protection". Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and employees who are sick can be sent to the site hospital for treatment within half an hour. There are 17 large oxygen stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and workers are required to take oxygen for at least 2 hours every day on average. In the more than four years since the construction started, no one died because of altitude sickness.
There are many kinds of rare animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a large population and fragile ecological environment. The total investment of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 33.09 billion yuan, of which environmental protection investment exceeds 654.38+0.2 billion yuan. The headquarters also implemented the environmental supervision system for the first time in a large-scale project in China, and entrusted a third party to carry out the whole environmental monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for key projects in China: for the first time, a letter of responsibility for environmental protection was signed with the provinces and regions where the railway passed; Build a migration channel for wild animals for the first time; Successfully planted transplanted turf at high altitude for the first time. ...
Reduce transportation costs, expand foreign exchanges and change consumption structure.
The opportunity of plateau development comes once in a blue moon.
People who have just arrived in Tibet will feel the same way: the price is high. According to a survey conducted by relevant departments in Tibet, the actual purchasing power of one ton of coal 700 yuan and one ton of cement 800 yuan in Lhasa is equivalent to that of 54 yuan in coastal areas. The main reason is that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based transportation mode increases the transportation cost of materials entering and leaving Tibet and the economic expenditure of personnel entering and leaving Tibet.
Inconvenient transportation has increasingly become the bottleneck of Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. The development of plateau characteristic industries such as tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine, processing of agricultural and livestock products, and national handicrafts are all restricted by traffic.