Bud-removing and branch-thinning method: after mulberry sprouts in early spring or summer, erasing or cutting off buds is called bud-removing or bud-wiping, and when new buds begin to grow rapidly, new buds with too dense branches are called branch-thinning.
Picking and pruning: its purpose is to promote the germination and growth of secondary buds, increase the number of branches, improve the number of branches, and realize rapid shaping, early fruiting and high yield; Timely denucleation can promote the development and enrichment of branches and buds, promote the differentiation of flower buds, and improve the quality of flower buds and fruit setting rate.
Except secondary branch method: after cutting in summer, the number of bearing mother branches in the second year has been selected and determined. Therefore, the secondary branches germinated in the axils of the leaves on the mother branches should be pulled out in time to avoid disturbing the tree shape and affecting the light.
Short-cut method: Short-cut is to cut off a part of branches, which is called short-cut. Its function is to increase the number of branches, weaken illumination, reduce short light waves more, increase the synthesis of indoleacetic acid, which is beneficial to cell division and elongation, promote vegetative growth, accumulate less photosynthetic products, and is not conducive to flower bud formation and fruiting; Conducive to the growth of new shoots and the regeneration and rejuvenation of trees; Change the dominant position of the top of branches, adjust the balance relationship of branches, enhance the growth potential and reduce the total growth; After short cutting, the distribution gradient of water and nitrogen in the upper and lower branches increased, which obviously enhanced the apical dominance and the growth intensity of a single branch. According to the cutting degree, it can be divided into light cutting, medium cutting and heavy cutting. Light and short cut off the branch length less than 1/3; Medium and short cutting is to select the full bud in the middle of the branch and cut it (about1/2 of the branch); Heavy and short shears are cut from the shriveled buds at the base, or 2/3 ~ 3/4 of the whole branch length. There are also 1 ~ 4 buds with only branches at the base, which are called ultrashort tips and short nodes. Chopping reaction is related to chopping strength, and the stronger the strength, the more obvious the effect.
Thinning method: Thinning branches from the base, which is mostly used to deal with branches that are too dense. Its function is to improve the lighting conditions of trees and enhance the light in the canopy, especially the short-wave light. Thinning weakens the tree potential, and the branch potential is short and obvious, which is often used to adjust the growth potential of the whole and crown. Thinning of trees will affect the transport of nutrients, which is similar to carving or girdling. It can weaken the upper branches of the wound and promote the lower branches and buds. The more thinning branches, the closer the wound spacing, the more obvious the weakening of the upper part and the promotion of the lower part, and thinning branches can often be used to control overgrowth. Letting go of dense branches, sparse branches and branches with pests and diseases can reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of branches.
Shrinking method: Shrinking is also called "shrinking", that is, cutting short on perennial branches. Shrinkage for "four sides" and sparse planting of tall mulberry trees. The function of contraction shear is mainly to help or reduce the potential. Retraction pruning shortens the distance between roots and leaf curtain, thus increasing metabolic rate and promoting growth potential. Shrinking branches has the function of rejuvenation, and is mostly used for regeneration of main branches. Contraction reaction is related to contraction shear degree, retention strength and wound size. During shrinkage cutting, weak branches and buds are left at the cutting opening, and the cutting opening is very large, which plays an inhibitory role. Different shrinking and shearing methods produce two completely different effects, either promoting growth or promoting flowering and fruiting. However, for the growth of the whole tree, because a large number of growth points and leaf areas are cut down, the total amount of photosynthetic products decreases, and the phase system will be severely inhibited and decline, which will eventually lead to the decline of the overall growth.
1. Apply base fertilizer in autumn, and more farm manure can be applied to each mature tree. If conditions permit, it is best to apply more than 50 kg per plant. Use more wheel or radial fertilization methods.
2. Topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer before spring germination to promote germination, growth, flowering and fruiting.
3. Before mulberry harvest, nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly used to promote fruit ripening and flower bud differentiation. After August, available nitrogen fertilizer is generally not regenerated.
4. Mulberry is sensitive to drought and requires high water content in vigorous growth period, so special attention should be paid to the supply of soil water. The suitable soil water content for mulberry growth is 70%- 80% of the maximum field water capacity. If it is less than 50%, it should be irrigated. Experience shows that the soil with a depth of 30-40 cm below the topsoil has a suitable water content, which can be held by hand and easily broken. Fruit mulberry is particularly sensitive to water demand during the rapid growth and maturity of fruit. In case of drought, irrigation should be done in time. However, fruit and mulberry are not resistant to waterlogging, and accumulated water is easy to die, so attention should be paid to drainage in rainy season.
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Look at you, this should be a new fruit tree.
Due to the fast growth, strong branches, soft branches and easy opening of mulberry trees, trunk shape should be adopted. One-year-old seedlings should be cut short at the trunk 80 cm after planting to promote growth and branching. When the top branch of the trunk is 50 cm long, 40 cm should be left for coring. This method can continuously core for 2~3 times. In that year, about 20 oblique fruit branches could be planted directly on the trunk. If two-year-old seedlings are planted, they should be cut short at the center of 1.2 meters, and other branches should be cut off with 5 cm short piles. After pruning 15 days, when new buds germinate, they should be drained in time, leaving 2~3 lateral buds for each short pile, and generally erasing the buds standing upright on the back. Try to leave the buds on the middle trunk, and the dense parts can be thinned out. When the trunk shoots grow to 50 cm, 40 cm can be left for coring, which can be done for 2~3 times to promote the growth of fruit branches. In June165438+1October, leaves fall, and plants should be cut in winter. The pruning amount should be light, only about 20 cm at the top of the pruning strip to prevent drainage in winter, and all the delicate branches of 5 cm in the inner room should be thinned out.
In order to achieve stable production, big fruit and high quality year after year, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. During the whole growing period, this variety is particularly sensitive to water. Once there is drought, new buds will stop growing. Therefore, after planting seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water and keep the soil moist. Generally, water it 4~6 times a year, and be sure to water it before winter to prevent the branches from drying up. Mulberry is more barren-tolerant, but under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water supply, it can give full play to its high yield and high quality. Therefore, before the trees shed their leaves, apply sufficient base fertilizer at one time, and apply 3~5 tons of decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 400~500 kilograms of bio-organic fertilizer per mu. On this basis, topdressing is carried out four times a year: before the first germination, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and 40 kilograms of urea is applied per mu; The second time, during the fruit expansion period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were mainly used, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied per mu; For that third time, the prune fruit is harvested and topdress with 30 kilograms of topdressing urea per mu; The fourth time, topdressing in August, topdressing 50 kilograms of high potassium compound fertilizer per mu. Water every time after topdressing to prevent root burns. Spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time every 10 day, adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 600 times of amino acid compound liquid fertilizer, and spraying it continuously for 2~3 times, combined with watering and topdressing potassium sulfate when fruit is ripe, has a better effect.
I hope to have some reference for you.