Jasmine is an evergreen shrub or vine of Jasmine in Oleaceae, with a height of 0.5 ~ 3m. The branches are thin. The single leaf is opposite, ovoid or ovoid, entire, thin and shiny. Flowers are white and fragrant, usually 3-9 cymes, terminal or axillary. The flowering period is May 5- 10/October, and it is the highest in July and August, and it can bloom for three times. Like light, a little tolerant of shadows. I like warm and humid climate, and I'm afraid of cold and drought. I like fertile and well-drained acid soil. Not tolerant to waterlogging and alkali.
Jasmine is native to India and Arabian Peninsula, and its central producing area is near the Persian Gulf. Now it is widely planted in subtropical areas. Mainly distributed in Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, as well as Spanish, French, Italian and other Mediterranean countries, India and Southeast Asian countries are cultivated. Athens, the capital of Greece, is called the city of jasmine. The Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Tunisia and Thailand have listed Jasmine as the national flower, along with their cousins Jasmine and Jasmine grandiflora. South Carolina in the United States has been designated as the state flower. In the flower season, the white jasmine sea can be seen everywhere in the Philippines, which makes the whole Philippines exude rich floral fragrance.
Jasmine has been introduced to China for a long time. Wang Zeng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Jasmine is famous for its beauty of flowers, as far away as Buddhism and China." In the Song Dynasty's On Jasmine in Fujian and Guangxi, it was recorded: "There are many different flowers in Fujian and Guangxi, so it is asked that the pink jade is fierce, and jasmine is the crown of all flowers." Explain the position of jasmine in flowers. Li Rong was first planted in Yunnan, and later spread to Guangdong and Fujian, becoming the birthplace of jasmine in China. So far, jasmine has spread all over the country, and Guangdong, Fujian, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other places have become the main producing areas. In recent years, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Xi and other places have also actively developed potted jasmine production. At present, China's jasmine planting area accounts for 65% of the world's total planting area, and the annual output of flowers ranks first in the world.
Morphological characteristics and varieties Jasmine is an evergreen shrub. The leaves are opposite, bright and ovate. Cymes, clustered at the top of branches, with hairy pedicels and white fragrant flowers, single, double and multi-petalled.
The common ornamental species of the same genus is J. beesianum, which has purple or red flowers and is very fragrant. Jasmine with big flowers, white flowers and fragrance. Italian jasmine (J. humile) has bright yellow flowers. Yunnan jasminum giraldii, with pale yellow flowers, semi-double or double petals, is fragrant. Mavrum with yellow flowers. Two-sided needles with white flowers and lavender leaves are very fragrant. Ginger, the flowers are white, red and fragrant. J.parkeri with small yellow flowers J. polyanthum, with white flowers, is extremely fragrant.
Biological characteristics Jasmine is native to India, Iran, Pakistan and Arab countries. I like a warm, humid and sunny environment.
Jasmine is sensitive to temperature, can adapt to high temperature, can not tolerate low temperature and has poor cold resistance. When the temperature is 0℃, the tender parts of leaves and branches wither, while most branches wither and die. The optimum growth temperature of jasmine is 25 ~ 35℃. Below 10℃, the growth is very slow or even stopped. It can germinate at about 65438 09℃. Growth is slow below 25℃, and buds are bred above 25℃. The formation and development of buds are good at 30 ~ 40℃, and 32 ~ 37℃ is the optimum temperature for bud maturity and opening. Although flowers can bloom when the temperature exceeds 37℃, they tend to turn yellow and have poor fragrance.
Jasmine's requirements for water are: lush foliage, large transpiration, adequate watering, and 75% ~ 85% air relative humidity in peak season. In the case of serious water shortage in dry season, it affects the growth and germination, and the flowers can't bloom and have small shapes. However, excessive soil moisture can also lead to poor root development and root rot suffocation. Potted jasmine, especially in winter, is too humid and easy to cause root rot.
Jasmine is a long-day plant that likes light. Under direct light, it is most suitable for the growth and development of jasmine. If the light is insufficient or shaded, the leaves of jasmine will become bigger and thinner, with light green color and poor growth and development. The stronger the light, the more developed the root system, the more vigorous the plant growth and the stronger the stress resistance.
The wind has a certain influence on the growth and development of jasmine. In summer, there are many southeast winds and water vapor, which increases the air humidity and makes jasmine grow vigorously. The west wind or northwest wind reduces the humidity and temperature of the air, inhibits the development of buds, and flowers often do not bloom, and some flowers turn purple. In hot summer, the north wind blows jasmine, making the flowers white and fragrant; When the wind blows south or east, the evaporation is large, which will cause dehydration and defoliation and affect growth.
For soil requirements, loose and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable, ranging from 6 to 6.5. Potted soil can be garden soil and chaff ash or a mixture of garden soil and vermiculite and humus soil.
Common propagation methods include cutting, layering and ramet propagation.
Cutting propagation: in April ~ 1 October, select mature1annual branches, cut them to 10 cm length, remove the lower leaves, insert a pair of complete leaves at the top, cover them with plastic film, maintain high air humidity, heal about 20 days after cutting, and then produce tender roots, and insert cuttings into the top and internode armpits. Cutting takes root fastest in summer and has a high survival rate. It will bloom that year. Dip the base of cuttings with 0.05% indolebutyric acid solution for 3 ~ 5 seconds. After treatment, cuttings usually take root in 15 ~ 20 days, and the survival rate is over 90%. After about 25 days, the cuttings began to sprout and grow leaves. After growing into a new plant, it will enter normal management.
Propagation by layering: select long branches, cut them at 15 cm, preferably at the lower part of the node, bury them in a basin filled with sand and mud, keep them moist, take root after 2-3 weeks, and cut them from the mother plant to become seedlings after about 2 months.
Propagation by ramets: peeling the dense branches of Jasmine and potted them separately in combination with changing pots every spring, and pruning the roots, branches and leaves of the aboveground parts properly during rameting.
Pots of 15 ~ 20 cm are commonly used for the cultivation and management of potted jasmine. Jasmine likes light and is resistant to fertilizer. Potted plants must be placed in sunny places. Flower proverbs often say that "jasmine that can't die in the sun" is the truth. Otherwise, the lack of sunshine will easily lead to white growth, resulting in sparse leaves and affecting flowers. Jasmine branches germinate vigorously, and after changing pots in spring, they are often shaped. After the full flowering period, it needs to be pruned and updated to facilitate the germination of new branches, and the flowers are large and vigorous. As the flower proverb goes, "If jasmine is not pruned, it is obvious that the branches are weak and the flowers are small", and "Pruning should be tough and the flowers should be stable". Fertilize 1 time every half month during the growth period or use "Huiyou" 2 1-7-7 acid fertilizer. Jasmine is very tolerant of fertilizer. If nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, it is easy to cause leaf yellowing. Spraying 0.2% ~ 0.3% urea on jasmine flower buds in the early evening of pregnancy has a good effect on promoting flower bud development.
Pests and diseases are controlled by spraying 800 times of 65% zineb wettable powder. Pests include leaf roller moth, red spider and scale insect, and 50% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times can be sprayed.
Postpartum jasmine has good color, fragrance, posture and rhyme. Potted plants can decorate the courtyard and bedroom, and it will be more poetic if planted in pieces. Jasmine is also making corsage, flower ball and lantern in Jiangnan, which is unique.
Jasmine
It comes from Jasmine, a plant of Jasminum in Oleaceae, whose roots and flowers are used as medicine. Digging roots after autumn, slicing and drying; Pick flowers and dry them in summer and autumn.
Sexual taste is spicy, sweet and cool. Roots are poisonous.
Functional indication
Mosaic: clearing away heat and toxic materials and promoting diuresis. Used for exogenous fever and diarrhea; External application of flowers to treat red eyes.
Root: analgesia. Used for insomnia and traumatic injury.
Usage and dosage: Flowers and leaves 1 ~ 2 yuan, appropriate amount of flowers for external use, and washed with water. Root 1 ~ 2 money, appropriate amount for external use, mashed and applied to the affected area.