Chinese name: Doctor mbth: doctor \ PhD: Doctor of Philosophy 1, the highest degree. The former Soviet Union had an associate doctorate.
China is a higher level. In ancient times, it was a person who specialized in a certain skill. Example: Dr. Tea, Dr. Wine; Dr. Wu 3. At that time, he was a scholar specializing in teaching Confucian classics. 4. One of the fighting stars in Wei Zi. Note: Postdoctoral students do not belong to the degree category, nor can they be used as professional titles.
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Interpretation: (1). Broaden people from ancient times to modern times. Source: "Warring States Policy Zhao Ce San": "See Zheng Bei, saying:' Doctor Zi Nan is also. "Example: Gong's Handy Miscellaneous Notes:" Within nine days, there will be Yingzhou and Xinzhou, and there will be doctors. " Interpretation: (2). Names of ancient scholars. There are doctors in six countries, which is why all philosophers, poets, Shu Shu and Ji Fang have doctors. When Emperor Wendi placed a doctor, Emperor Wudi placed a doctor in the Five Classics. His duty was to teach and give lectures, or to be an envoy and discuss state affairs. Dr. Shinji Koko Dr. imperial academy, Dr. imperial academy, Dr. imperial academy, Doctor of Law, Doctor of Calligraphy and Doctor of Arithmetic are all professors in Tang Dynasty. Still clear, slightly different. Source: Biography of Historical Records: "The retired official, Dr. Lu, also thought that Lu Xiang." Song Sushi's "Begging for Medical Treatment": "If the doctor of medicine is lacking, it will be supplemented by the best." Example: Zheng's The Study of Prosperity: "Today's discussants all know this. With more doctors and more students, the school will prosper a hundred times. " Wu Han's Great Historian Sima Qian: "Sima Qian also studied under the famous scholars at that time. For example, when Kong Anguo, a descendant of Confucius, became a doctor, Sima Qian learned the ancient Chinese book Shangshu from him. " Interpretation: (3). In ancient times, people who had certain skills or specialized in certain occupations were regarded as masters in later generations. Source: Dunhuang Change Collection Parents' Enjing: "Learn music, Dr. Qu, enjoy it." "Jing Ben Popular Novel Zhang Zhicheng Jian": "When John Zhang looked back, he was a doctor of wine." Yuan Anonymous's "Debt of the Afterlife" is the first fold: "Dr. Mo said,' What do you want me to do? I played Ye Luo by mistake. Example: "Negative teaching material: Wan Xiu's mother avenged Shantinger": "There is a doctor of tea at home, surnamed Tao, nicknamed Iron Monk." Ming and Huang provinces once wrote in Wu: "Up to now, anyone who calls vertebral oil a face servant is a doctor. "Interpretation: (4). Name of degree. The highest level of a degree. Source: Su's "Burning Sword": "His home is also named. He who has tasted the country of Dalu and won a doctor is called the foreign champion. Example: Chapter 8 of Ba Jin's Death: "The year before last, I received a doctor of literature from the University of Paris. Gao's "Spring and Autumn in a Small Town" chapter 24: "My father is a doctor of medicine and an expert in otorhinolaryngology. "Interpretation: (5). Wei Zi is one of the stars. Doctor, smart and powerful. The master of the doctor star born by Gong Yunian is clever, but he must be as good as Zhu Yao to display his auspicious characteristics. Those with the same rank as Changqu are wise, those with the same rank as Kuiyue are promoted or promoted, and those with the same rank are rewarded. If you don't help Yao Ji, you can meet in three ways, but the performance is poor.
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The Origin of China's "Doctor" is an official title, which first appeared in the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. Responsible for keeping documents and files, compiling works, mastering ancient and modern times, imparting knowledge and cultivating talents. There are seventy people in Qin. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, I followed my family. Rank more than 600 stones, belonging to Fengchang. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the doctor of Five Classics was established, and the doctor became a scholar specializing in teaching Confucian classics. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, there was a doctor in Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chunqiu, so it was called Doctor of Five Classics. Sima Qian wrote in Records of the Historian Biography of Officials that "the official ceremony was suspended, and the doctor of Lu also took Lu Xiang as the priority." During the Qin dynasty, the doctor was in charge of the national ancient and modern history and book laws and regulations. In the Tang Dynasty, people who specialized in a certain profession were called "doctors", such as "doctors of medicine" and "doctors of arithmetic". In the Song Dynasty, doctors served tea.
Waiters in the sex industry are also called "doctors". Feng Wen Jian Ji's "Drinking Tea" section records: "Order my slave to take 30 yuan and reward the doctor for frying tea." During the Qin Shihuang period, due to dictatorship and brutality, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted, and the peasant army attacked the city and plundered the land and occupied the government. The news reached the palace, and the dissolute and incompetent Qin Ershi and Hu Hai called ministers to discuss countermeasures. Everyone said that we should send troops to suppress the peasant uprising as soon as possible. But only Uncle Sun found the displeasure on the emperor's face, so have it both ways said in a low voice, "The emperor is wise, caring, dignified and respectable, and nothing can be accomplished by people who make trouble. Why should this disturb the emperor? " When the emperor heard his uncle Sun Tong's words, he became more arrogant, arrested the person who made the suggestion, greatly rewarded his uncle Sun Tong, and promoted him as a "doctor". The word "doctor" refers to academic senior talents who have obtained advanced degrees. Even if this person is not an academic, but a business, he is still a doctor with a doctorate. Academic senior talents with master's degrees are still not called doctors. "Doctor" refers to a person who has obtained a "doctor" degree. The degree system is: bachelor-master-doctor. From low to high. (If it is not just a degree, the order is: Bachelor (who passed the undergraduate course)-Master-Doctor-Postdoctoral). In the United States, postdoctoral students studying this major may be awarded PhD, literally translated as doctor of philosophy. Some "doctoral students" (people who are studying for doctoral degrees) are also called doctors, which is a compliment to them. In fact, they shouldn't be called doctors. In ancient China, the title of doctor had several meanings. As an official name, it first appeared in the Warring States Period. Xu Shen's Five Classics: "In the Warring States Period, doctors were appointed." According to "Han Shu Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao", "Doctor, Qin Guan, knows ancient and modern things." For example, Dr. Qin is knowledgeable, especially in history books. By the time Emperor Wendi was in his nineties, he could still dictate twenty-eight chapters of Shangshu. Jia Yi, an outstanding politician, thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was able to recite poems by heart at the age of eighteen. At the age of twenty, he learned the words of a hundred schools and was called a doctor by Emperor Wen. Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar in Han Dynasty, studied diligently since childhood. He said that he had not seen the garden for three years. Because of his profound knowledge, he was promoted to a doctor by Emperor Jing. From Qin dynasty to Han dynasty, the doctor's duty was mainly to manage books and be a consultant. There were 70 doctors during Qin Shihuang's reign. Doctors in the Han dynasty were too often officials, with a rank of 600 stones and as many positions as 10. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the suggestion of the palace and established a doctor of the Five Classics to teach classics. In the Tang Dynasty, doctors such as Guo Zi, imperial academy and Simen were established. Another doctor of law, a doctor of writing, a doctor of arithmetic, a doctor of politics and law, is a professor at the county level, not the official name of Confucian scholars in the central religion. For example, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Dr. Tai Chang, who was good at etiquette, had been in charge of court etiquette. Appoint Dr. Taylor, who is familiar with temperament, to be in charge of court sacrifices and enjoy banquets, songs and dances; Appoint people who are proficient in medical skills as doctors in surgery and internal medicine; Appoint people who are proficient in astronomy, ephemeris and divination as Dr. Astronomy, Dr. Missing Engraving, Dr. Calendar, Dr. Taibu, Dr. Bo, etc. Specializing in astronomy, calendar, divination, etc. Before the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, doctors were selected by soliciting and recommending, and there were certain standards. As Hanshu said, doctors should be people who are "familiar with the past and the present, review the past and learn the new, and be familiar with the national system". During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dr. Ren had to pass the examination, and only those who were proficient in the Book of Changes, the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius could be recommended as doctors. In the history of China, there is another situation in which people engaged in a certain profession are also called doctors. Meng Yuanlao's Tokyo Dream Record Diet Fruit: "Anyone who sells wine in a shop is called a tea drinking doctor." This situation is more common in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.