Ginkgo biloba is a warm temperate tree species, which likes water, fertilizer and light. It is suitable for growing in a warm and humid climate, but it is afraid of saline-alkali, waterlogging, mild drought and shade. Ginkgo tree also has strong resistance to adversity, less pests and diseases, and can resist smoke, fire, toxic gases and ion radiation. Strong germination and tillering, suitable for pruning and shaping. Breeding is mainly based on sowing, dividing plants and grafting.
Question 2: How to plant ginkgo trees? Ginkgo biloba can adapt to a wide range of soil pH, from weakly acidic to slightly alkaline (ph 4-8.5). Ginkgo biloba has strong drought resistance. In areas where the annual precipitation is about 1000mm, adults and ancient trees generally do not need irrigation. As a commercial orchard, it should still be properly watered during the main period of growth and development. At the same time, special attention should be paid to drainage and flood prevention in rainy season, and drainage ditches should be dug.
Planting technique
I. Soil preparation before planting
Generally, the garden should be well prepared one season before planting, and the soil in the garden can be exposed to the sun or frozen in the winter when the base is selected, and the bandwidth is about 2 meters. First of all, the ground should be leveled, and the excavated topsoil should be placed on one side of the ditch and the core soil on the other side. After weathering in winter, it should be filled in the ditch in early spring.
Fill the surface soil below and the core soil above. When the filling depth reaches 1/3, apply 75,000 kg of decomposed manure/10,000 square meters, mix the manure with the soil, and then fill the soil continuously to make the soil dense and moist. For places where zonal soil preparation cannot be carried out, large pits can be dug for soil preparation according to the predetermined plant spacing, and base fertilizer can be applied. The method of digging and returning soil is the same as that of strip land.
Second, the planting time
Ginkgo trees can be planted throughout the dormant period, and autumn planting is generally better than other seasons. This is because the temperature is higher after planting, the root wound is easy to heal and take root, and it grows vigorously in the second year, with high survival rate and good growth. Rapid production and early production.
The standard of strong seedlings is that the ratio of height to diameter to thickness is 50: 1 and the length of taproot is 30 cm. The lateral root is intact without fracture; If the taproot is too long, it can be trimmed properly before transplanting to promote the growth of lateral roots and fibrous roots. Because Ginkgo biloba is a multi-purpose tree species, it is necessary to choose the corresponding excellent varieties and strong seedlings according to different business purposes when planting.
Third, output
Ginkgo biloba is planted for 3-4 years, the fruiting rate is above 50%, the fruiting rate is above 95% in 5 years, and the average yield per plant is above 1 kg.
Fourth, planting methods
Planting seedlings of Ginkgo biloba requires deep holes, sufficient base fertilizer and shallow planting. After comprehensive soil preparation, dig holes according to the pre-designed plant spacing. Sprinkle pesticides at the same time. When planting, put the seedlings in the into the pit, first fill the surface soil, then fill the core soil, lift the seedlings several times, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil, and step on it with your feet as the soil is filled.
The planting depth is generally required to be about 10 cm above the root neck, so that the soil sinks after watering and the root neck is flush with the soil surface. Seedlings with clods should be planted in the same way after removing bandages. Watering should be permeable after planting. At the same time, make an earth weir around the pit to facilitate watering.
Five, measures to improve the survival rate
After the root system of Ginkgo biloba is injured, the wound healing ability is poor, although it can survive, but the seedling stage is long. In order to promote rapid growth, the current methods are as follows:
(1) Spring planting is changed to autumn planting, and the ground temperature is high in autumn. After planting, the root system is closely combined with the soil and the wound heals quickly. Autumn is the best picking season before defoliation, and its survival rate, tree height and ground diameter growth are higher than those planted in autumn.
(2) Dip the roots with abt3 rooting powder, dissolve 1g rooting powder in 500g alcohol, and add 19.5kg water. Before planting, cut the injured root system flat and immerse it in the solution.
(3) Plastic film mulching: After the soil is thawed in winter, open the mound in time, level the tree tray, and cover with 1 m2 plastic film to promote the growth of root system.
Question 3: Planting methods and techniques of ginkgo trees.
Ginkgo biloba [1] is a rare and precious tree species and a special economic fruit tree. In recent years, the purchase price of ginkgo has been increasing, which has aroused the enthusiasm of the people to plant ginkgo. Ginkgo biloba grows slowly, generally taking more than 20 years to bear fruit (male trees bloom and female plants bear fruit), and its yield is low. By grafting, selecting excellent varieties, reasonable close planting and strengthening management, Ginkgo biloba will bear fruit early and have high yield (it can bear fruit in 3-5 years after grafting). There are a large number of Lingjun Miao wood gardening fields in Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province.
Improved variety selection
High-yield cultivation of Ginkgo biloba should vigorously develop excellent varieties. At present, there are giant Buddha fingers, family bergamot and Dongting Emperor in Jiangsu. The bergamot at the bottom of the garden in Zhejiang and Guangxi, the Daikin pendant in Shandong and Dayuanling are all famous varieties. When selecting varieties, we must follow the principle of regionalization, comprehensively consider climate factors and site conditions, and can't introduce blindly.
Seedling propagation
1. Sowing and raising seedlings 1. Choose a nursery place. Choose a place with flat terrain, sunny leeward, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, water source and good drainage as a nursery place. Carry out full cultivation and deep tillage on the nursery land, and apply 2000-3000 kilograms of ring fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer mixed with calcium superphosphate per mu. 2. Accelerate germination and sowing. Sowing in autumn can be done immediately after seed collection, and there is no need to accelerate germination. If you sow in spring, germination should be accelerated. Before the vernal equinox, take out the seeds stored in the sand, put them in a plastic shed or greenhouse, pay attention to moisture retention, and sow after more than 60% of the seeds germinate. Ginkgo biloba can be sown by drilling, sowing, seed sowing and drilling, and the effect is good. Ditching in the nursery according to the row spacing of 20-39 cm, the ditch depth is 2-3 cm, and the sowing width is 5-8 cm. When sowing, the seeds should be placed north and south, the radicle is downward, the seed suture line is vertical or parallel to the ground, and the seed tip is horizontal, so that the seedling emergence rate is high, the root system is normal, and the seedlings grow healthily. The plant spacing is 8- 10c m. After sowing, cover with fine soil and plastic film, and clear the plastic film in time after emergence, which can make the emergence early and orderly. 3. The seedling management growth period is short, the growth stops early, and the root system is underdeveloped. Topdressing can obviously promote the growth of seedlings. Fertilizer can be applied once in mid-April, mid-May and mid-July, and the annual fertilizer application rate is per mu10-12kg of urea. When applying fertilizer, measures should be taken to ensure that the fertilizer is not too close to the seedlings to avoid burning the roots and leaves. Ginkgo biloba is afraid of waterlogging and drought, so it should be well drained and irrigated. Ginkgo biloba seedlings grow slowly and have poor competitiveness with weeds, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time. 2. Cutting seedling is to apply foot fertilizer on loose soil with good drainage, and cut the ground into small pieces to make a cutting seedbed. Bed width1-1.2m, and length varies from place to place. 1. The L-3-year-old cuttings are selected from excellent ginkgo trees, cut into cuttings with the length of 10- 15 cm, and the lower end is treated with rooting powder and dipped in 10 second. 2. Management: Cutting in early March, with row spacing of 8- 10 cm, plant spacing of 3-5 cm, and 2-3 buds left on the ground. Water it in time after insertion. Close the soil and cuttings. When cutting in the open field, an arched plastic film shed should be built to keep it warm and moist. Keep the temperature in the shed at about 20℃ and water it twice a day. Cuttings can take root about 4 0 days after cutting, and then gradually increase the light transmittance. When the new branches grow to 3-4 cm, they can be transplanted. Transplanting should be carried out on cloudy days, and attention should be paid to shading and moisturizing. The survival rate of cutting can reach more than 90%.
Planting technique
1. Land selection Once planted, Ginkgo biloba has a long life and benefits for a long time, so land selection is very important. Ginkgo biloba is a light-loving tree species, so it is advisable to choose sunny slope with small slope as afforestation site. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict, but neutral or slightly acidic soil with thick upper layer, moist and fertile soil and good drainage is better. 2. Planting 1. Rational allocation of pollination trees Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious plant. In order to achieve high yield, pollination trees should be rationally allocated. Male plants with the same variety and flowering period as female plants were selected, and the ratio of male to female plants was 25 ~ 50: 1. The configuration mode adopts 5 or 7 square centers, and can also be configured at the four corners. 2. Reasonable close planting of Ginkgo biloba grows slowly in the early stage. Close planting can improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield per unit area. Generally, the plant spacing of 2.5X3m or 3x3.5m is adopted, and 88 or 63 plants are planted per mu. After the lines are sealed, they are transplanted. First, move a row from the plant spacing to the plant spacing of 5x3m or 6X3m, with 44 plants per mu or 3 1 plant. Transplant one row from the original row spacing to 5X6m or 6X7m plant spacing every few years, with 22 plants per mu or 6x7m plant spacing. 3. Good varieties and strong seedlings are on the seedling size ... >>
Question 4: How to plant ginkgo trees with seeds? Planting method11-65438+February, after cleaning ginkgo seeds, sow them in the field with a sowing depth of 8- 10 cm, and irrigate them with water. If there is no effective rainfall in winter, water every 30 days or so. Water is poured every 7- 10 days in March, and seedlings can emerge in the first half of April. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, which can grow to a height of about 30 cm in that year.
In spring, ginkgo seeds without sand will not germinate that year, and will not germinate until the following spring.
Question 5: Key points related to planting time of ginkgo trees: Ginkgo seedling propagation. The embryo is dormant. Ginkgo trees should be planted in early spring along the sidewalk or after layering in winter. When the height of seedlings exceeds 1 m, they can be planted. Male trees should be selected for street trees. It can also be propagated by cutting and tillering. In order to promote early fruiting and cultivate excellent clones, bud grafting or branch grafting can be used for propagation. [ 13]
Planting method 1. The seedlings should be harvested in large particles, and the mother tree with a tree age of about 80 years is the best. The harvested seeds should be peeled and dried in the shade. Autumn sowing can be done in the south, and spring sowing is suitable in the north. The seedbed should be sandy loam with good water permeability.
About 2.2 months (after thawing in the north), half of the sprouting branches with roots were dug and planted in the nursery, with a diameter of 1cm ~ 4cm. This method is easy to survive. Flowering and fruiting after about 10 years.
3. In May and June, soft branches of the current year were selected and cut into 10cm ~ 15cm, leaving 3 ~ 4 leaves on them. Half of the cuttings are often sprayed with water to ensure that the leaves are not dry and can take root in about one and a half months to two months.
4. Transplanted ginkgo seedlings can be planted with bare roots below 5 cm in diameter, and generally cultivated with soil above 6 cm. The seedlings planted with bare roots are in a slow seedling stage. Seedlings with clods can grow in the same year. After the seedlings are planted in rows, they are flooded. When planting a big tree, it is best to fill the pit with water before planting it. After the water in the pit infiltrates, plant big trees in the pit and tamp them so that the water in the pit can come back to moisten the roots. The next watering should be to dig a diversion ditch beside the pit and fill it with water, so that the water can slowly penetrate into the roots of Ginkgo biloba. Don't drown with water. The main reason why many people transplant ginkgo biloba is not * * *, but that it is soaked to death. Because the root system of Ginkgo biloba has a large respiratory capacity, it is submerged by water, and the root system is suffocated by hypoxia, so it cannot produce new roots, and the root system gradually decays. Some ginkgo leaves can disperse even after death, and even germinate in the second and third years, but the leaves are very small, and they will not grow until the nutrients in the body are exhausted. This is the "fake living" phenomenon of ginkgo biloba. However, some ginkgo leaves do not appear in the first year after planting, or even in the second year. If you pinch the skin, you will find that the skin is fresh and the branches will not shrink. This kind of tree may not be dead, but it may appear again in the third year. This phenomenon is also known as the "suspended animation" phenomenon of Ginkgo biloba. To determine whether Ginkgo biloba is a fake death or a fake life, we should not only look at the leaves, but also look at the roots. Therefore, buying big seedlings, especially those from abroad, must depend on whether the roots are black. If it is, it means that this seedling is a fake live seedling, no matter how cheap it is. The xylem of fresh seedlings should be white, the bark slightly red and the xylem tight.
5. Seedling management
(1) Ginkgo biloba does not need to be watered frequently after it survives. In the northern region, water once after thawing and before germination. If the weather is dry in May, you can water it once, because this is the peak growth period of Ginkgo biloba. Autumn and mid-August are the second growth peak of Ginkgo biloba in a year, which can be watered once and combined with fertilization twice.
(2) Fertilization: Fertilization in nursery can be carried out in spring and summer. In spring, apply 5000 kg to 10000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu between two rows, and then plough it once with a small rotary tiller to evenly ram the fertilizer into the soil. Large seedlings can open several radial ditches, and organic fertilizer and topsoil can be evenly mixed and filled into the ditches. If the amount of fertilization is large, it can be applied once a year in spring, but if the amount is small.
(3) Pruning: Ginkgo biloba generally does not need pruning, because there are few new shoots of Ginkgo biloba, even the seedlings in the nursery should leave as many branches and leaves as possible to accelerate their thickening. Cut off the branches below 1.8 meters one year before the seedlings are sold. After growing for one year, the cut is full, the skin is smooth and the branches are upright.
(4) intertillage: Appropriate intertillage can improve the permeability of soil, and intertillage can trim the fibrous roots of Ginkgo biloba and make more fibrous roots germinate. Tillage can be done once in spring and once in autumn.
(5) Disease prevention and insect control: The disease of Ginkgo biloba is mainly seedling damping-off. The main pest of field seedlings is beetle larvae (grubs). Pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification at seedling stage, loosen topsoil and spray bordeaux mixture to prevent wilting. The way to control grubs is to apply decomposed organic fertilizer as far as possible. When applying fertilizer, the whole garden is sprayed with 500 times of 39 1 1 pesticide solution once, and then rotated again to rotate the sprayed fertilizer into the soil. Another method is to wet bran and rice bran, mix them with trichlorfon, use them in a bucket for two days to fully absorb the pesticide, then sprinkle them into the ground and then cultivate them. Another method is to bury a pile of hay every 10 meter, often pour some water on the hay, open the hay every two months, and there will be many grubs under it, which will be killed in a concentrated way. ......& gt& gt
Question 6: How to raise ginkgo trees in spring: When the diameter of ginkgo is less than 5 cm, it can be raised with bare roots, and when it is more than 6 cm, it is generally cultivated with soil. The seedlings planted with bare roots are in a slow seedling stage. Seedlings with clods can grow in the same year. After the seedlings are planted in rows, they are flooded. When planting a big tree, it is best to fill the pit with water before planting it. After the water in the pit infiltrates, plant big trees in the pit and tamp them so that the water in the pit can come back to moisten the roots. Ginkgo biloba is not easy to take root after being buried deeply, so it should be planted shallowly. Generally, the rhizosphere line of the original seedling should be flush with the ground or 1 cm to 2 cm higher. Ginkgo biloba likes loose, breathable and fertile soil, water and waterlogging, and fat and fat. Therefore, the site conditions should be good in soil, otherwise the soil should be changed. Fertilization in spring is mainly to solve the problem of insufficient storage of nutrients in trees, which plays an important role in the growth of branches and leaves, the quantity and quality of fruits in that year and the differentiation of flower buds. After the fertilizer is evenly spread into the annular ditch, the soil can be covered. Dig a fertilizer pit with a length of 1.0m, a depth of 0.5m and a width of 0.5m from the ginkgo tree, and then pour farmyard manure into the field. Therefore, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied, mainly quick-acting nitrogen, with appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer to promote nutrient growth, make leaves turn green quickly, enhance photosynthesis and improve fruit setting rate. For fruit trees with a fruit yield of about 50 kg, it is appropriate to apply compound fertilizer 1.2- 1.5 kg with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15% to each fruit tree in spring. If the previous year was a fruitful year, the trees were weak and deciduous early, in order to promote flowering and fertilization and improve the fruit setting rate, the fertilization time should be early, although the yield was not low in that year. On the other hand, if the previous year was a small year of fruiting, the trees were vigorous, and there were many flowers and good buds in that year, it is required to promote vegetative growth to avoid excessive fruiting in that year, and the fertilization time should be postponed, so that there was less nutrition before flowering and some flowers could not bear fruit. This will help to overcome the phenomenon of fruit hanging and promote growth and development. Fertilization method adopts open ring furrow fertilization. The annular groove spacing is about1.0 ――1.5m, the groove depth is 15 ― 20cm, and the groove width is 15cm. The amount of soil fertilization accounts for about 60% of the whole year. Ginkgo biloba does not need special pruning, it can be pruned before transplanting, and at the same time, it can cut off branches that are too dense, sick, disabled and dead. In the process of its growth, because of its slow growth, it is generally not pruned.
Summer: 1. Ginkgo biloba has a long life, but improper planting management, especially topsoil loss, will make a large number of roots * * * on the surface, especially ginkgo biloba growing on the hillside. In severe cases, the root exposure depth can reach more than 30 cm. Therefore, we should do a good job in the cultivation of soil, so that the root system is buried below the soil surface, so as to give full play to its role in absorbing nutrients and water.
Second, the root system of pine and ginkgo is developed. In summer, the soil around the main absorption root should be kept loose. Under normal circumstances, the part under the crown of ginkgo biloba should be kept loose for a long time (a ginkgo orchard should be plowed at least twice a year).
Third, cake fertilizer can be applied in areas where fertilization conditions permit, because Ginkgo biloba has strong adaptability to cake fertilizer, and topdressing in the early stage of fruit expansion can make the fruit grow rapidly without falling off. After entering summer, nitrogen topdressing should be cautious, depending on plant growth. Generally, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea solution is sprayed on the leaves or 1% ~ 2% urea solution is poured on the ground.
Fourth, drainage irrigation ginkgo likes humidity, but is afraid of water accumulation. The experiment shows that Ginkgo biloba grown on river banks and sandy soil will not cause fatal injury if it is soaked in running water for less than 7 days, but the root system of Ginkgo biloba will die if it is soaked for more than 10 days. Therefore, after heavy rain, especially rainy weather, or when the soil is sticky, the drainage is not smooth, and the groundwater level is high, special attention should be paid to ditching and drainage.
Ginkgo biloba is not tolerant to stagnant water or excessive drought, and too low air humidity will also affect the growth and fruit of Ginkgo biloba, especially in the period of rapid seed expansion and flower bud differentiation. The long-term drought not only greatly reduced the seeds of that year, but also affected the yield of the next year. Therefore, the weather continues to be dry, especially in the high-temperature and dry season, and it is necessary to water and irrigate the ginkgo orchard in time.
Question 7: How to plant ginkgo seeds to germinate? Ginkgo seed core belongs to the seed with high standard water content. According to the determination, the water content of seeds is generally 45%-50%. If diseases occur, Manhattan fruit tree fungicide can be sprayed. The 1000-grain weight is 30003500 g. The embryo-free rate of seed core is 20%-25%, and the embryo-free seeds will not regenerate during storage. Ginkgo seeds cannot germinate quickly if they are sown immediately after harvest, because they have not reached physiological maturity at this time, and a process of physiological maturity is needed before the seeds can germinate and be unearthed.
Method for accelerate germination of ginkgo seeds
To accelerate germination of ginkgo seeds, we should master several links, such as accelerating germination time, seedbed making and accelerating germination period management.
1, germination time:
The time of accelerating germination depends on the sowing date, and the sowing date is subject to the late frost (because ginkgo twigs are vulnerable to freezing injury below 0℃). Generally, it is enough to accelerate germination 3040 days before sowing date. In the capital, it is generally better to sow in early March.
2, seedbed production:
Choose a plot with a flat terrain in the lee of the sun, and dig an east-west ditch with a depth of 30cm and a width of 120cm. The length of the ditch depends on the number of seeds, and about 5cm of fine sand will be covered below. Add a 10cm ridge around the ditch (it can be higher in the north) to prevent rainwater from flowing in.
Question 8: Ginkgo planting methods Ginkgo planting techniques:
Land selection
Once planted, Ginkgo biloba has a long life and benefits for a long time, so it is very important to choose the land. Ginkgo biloba is a light-loving tree species, so it is advisable to choose sunny slope with small slope as afforestation site. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict, but neutral or slightly acidic soil with thick upper layer, moist and fertile soil and good drainage is better.
plant
Rational allocation of pollination trees: Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious plant. In order to achieve high yield, pollination trees should be rationally configured. Male plants with the same variety and flowering period as female plants were selected, and the ratio of male to female plants was 25-50: 1. The configuration mode adopts 5 or 7 square centers, and can also be configured at the four corners.
Seedling size: Improved varieties and strong seedlings are the material basis for early fruiting and high yield of Ginkgo biloba. It is necessary to select seedlings whose height-diameter ratio is above 50: 1, the main root length is 30 cm, and the lateral roots and new shoots grow more than 30 cm in that year. In addition, seedlings must have strong terminal buds, full lateral buds and no pests and diseases.
Reasonable close planting: Ginkgo biloba grows slowly in the early stage, and close planting can improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield per unit area. Generally, the plant spacing of 2.5× 3m or 3× 3.5m is adopted, and 88 or 63 plants are planted per mu. After the lines are sealed, they are transplanted. First, move a row from the plant spacing to the plant spacing of 5× 3m or 6× 3m, with 44 plants or 365,438+0 plants per mu. Transplant one row from the original row spacing to 5× 6m or 6 every few years.
Planting time: Ginkgo leaves mainly in autumn, and is planted before leaves are released in spring. Planting in autumn in10-165438+10 can make the roots of seedlings have a long recovery period and prepare for the germination of bamboo shoots in the next spring. Planting before germination in spring is not as good as planting in autumn because the aboveground parts germinate quickly and the roots don't have enough time to recover.
Ginkgo planting should dig the planting nest according to the designed plant spacing, with the specification of 0.5-0.8× 0.6-0.8m. After digging the nest, the topsoil should be filled and fermented fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate should be applied. When planting, the roots of the seedlings will naturally stretch and align with the front, back, left and right seedlings, and then fill in the form while being practical. The planting depth should be 2~3cm from the soil to the original soil of seedlings, and the buried depth of seedlings should not be too deep. After planting, root water should be poured in time to improve the survival rate.
Question 9: How to plant Ginkgo biloba? Can I use ginkgo seeds? See what your purpose is. If it is used in gardens, it can be propagated by seeds, which is scientifically called seedlings. If agricultural production is for results, grafted seedlings must be used. 1. Seedlings: 1, which can be divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing according to sowing date. Spring sowing is in the middle and late March in the south and in the middle and early April in the north. Autumn sowing is mostly in 165438+ October. Generally, the emergence rate of autumn sowing is higher than that of spring sowing 16%, and the annual growth of seedlings is about 20% higher. In order to improve the germination rate, stratification is often carried out before sowing. Choose the leeward and sunny place with good drainage to dig pits. The cellar is 30cm deep and 1-2m wide, and its length depends on the number of seeds. Store the stored seeds in a cellar 20 cm high, covered with curved plastic shed or a layer of straw. The humidity in the cellar should be moderate when the sand is held in the hand and not loose. If the humidity is not enough, sprinkle water in time. The temperature is 25-30℃, and ventilation should be paid attention to above 30℃. Adjust the temperature and humidity every 2 13 days to promote orderly germination, and sow in about 20 days. If the seeds germinate irregularly. Sowing can be done in stages.
2. Make a border with a width of 1.3 m on the leveled ground, with a row spacing of 33 cm and a depth of about 7 cm. Sow seeds every 10- 15 cm, with about 20 kg of seeds per mu, and apply animal manure, and then cover the soil with water level. When sowing, mulching with plastic film or spraying ground warming agent can improve the emergence rate. Seedling management: In the seedling stage, we should do a good job in intertillage weeding, pest control, drought resistance and waterlogging prevention in time, so that seedlings can grow in moist and loose soil. Generally, top dressing is performed three times at seedling stage. The first time is in the middle and late May, and 7.5 kg urea or 15-20 kg ammonium bicarbonate is applied with irrigation. The second time was at the end of June and the third time was in mid-August. The dosage is appropriately increased by one point compared with the first time, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are appropriately added or some plants are applied. Annual seedlings grow slowly on the ground, and the height of seedlings is about 20-35 cm. The height of biennial seedlings can reach 50-80 cm. It can bear fruit about 20 years after transplantation (this is also the origin of Ginkgo biloba commonly known as Gongsun Tree). 2. Grafting 1. Selection of rootstock: 2-3 years old seedlings are suitable. Because the 2-year-old seedlings have many branches and leaves, developed roots, rich nutrient storage and high grafting survival rate, the general survival rate is above 90%.
2. Selection of scion: Collect 1 annual branches from 30-40-year-old trees as scions in the growing season. As much as possible, pick it up with the harvest. If long-distance transportation is needed, it should be moisturized to prevent decay. If possible, it can be stored at low temperature (3-5℃) or sealed with wax to keep moisture. Ginkgo dioecious plants and scions should be collected and preserved according to different sexes.
3. Grafting method: grafting is carried out from late June to early August every year. When grafting, cut off the new semi-lignified part of the rootstock, and cut a vertical mouth with a sharp knife in the center of the incision, with a length of 2-3 cm. Cut the scion at 1cm below the bud into wedges with symmetrical sides and a cutting slope length of 2-3 cm, and then cut it from the bud at 1cm to form a single-bud wedge scion with symmetrical sides. Quickly insert the cut scion into the incision of the rootstock, so that the smallest cambium on both sides is aligned, and tie it tightly with plastic strips in time to expose the bud eye. If conditions permit, a plastic bag (3-4 cm in diameter and 10- 15 cm in length) can be placed above the scion to prevent a large amount of water from evaporating and play a protective role. The best grafting time should be in cloudy days, low temperature and high relative humidity, not rainy days.
After grafting, plastic bags should be taken out in time. In addition, the grafted seedlings in the nursery should distinguish between male and female.
4. Management of grafted seedlings: grafted seedlings can grow in the original seedbed for 65,438+0 years. During this period, water should be enriched, foliar fertilization can be carried out, intertillage weeding can be carried out in time to accelerate seedling growth. In the spring of the second year after grafting, transplant and plant according to the row spacing of 30cm×60cm. In another two years, it can be implemented by staggered and spaced plants, which is convenient for cultivating large seedlings of different specifications. Seedlings can be transplanted before and after the first frost.
Question 10: the planting prospect of ginkgo trees;
In recent years, the price of ginkgo tree fluctuated greatly, and now it returns to rationality and restores its original value. 10 began to end the madness of nearly three years.
Although the price of ginkgo trees has fallen, the income from planting ginkgo trees is still considerable at the current price. For example, there are about 300 ginkgo trees in 10 year, each mu15cm, and the 800 yuan of each ginkgo tree is about15cm. The income per mu is about 240 thousand yuan, with an average of 24 thousand yuan per year, which is many times better than other crops. There is still money sold by Miao every year, which can basically balance the money invested. In addition, Ginkgo biloba leaves can be picked and sold in the first six years, and each catty of fresh leaves is about 1-2 yuan, which is also a considerable income.
Therefore, as long as ginkgo trees can be sold, there will be good returns. Then let's analyze whether ginkgo trees will be abandoned in the future.
At present, including the future, the city will further expand. If construction is to be carried out, then greening is necessary. For greening, there is demand for ginkgo trees, and there is a market for ginkgo trees.
In addition, the transplantation of wild tree species is basically prohibited, and there is bound to be a large demand for artificially cultivated nurseries. Ginkgo trees are basically artificially cultivated.
To sum up, the prospect of planting ginkgo trees should be very good, and good economic benefits can be obtained while beautifying the environment.