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First, living habits

Honeysuckle is suitable for warm and humid climate, its growth temperature is 20℃ ~ 30℃, and it can resist the low temperature of MINUS 30℃, so it is also called honeysuckle. Below 3℃, the physiological activity is weak and the growth is slow. The new shoots sprouting above 5℃ 16℃ grow fast, and the buds grow fast around 20℃, with strong adaptability, cold tolerance, drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance. It can be cultivated in all parts of China, including mountains, plains and hills. The requirements for soil are not strict, and sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage is better. Saline-alkali tolerance, suitable for growth in alkaline soil. Deep roots can prevent soil erosion and can be planted on barren slopes.

Second, the propagation technology of honeysuckle

The propagation of honeysuckle is mainly cutting propagation, but also seed propagation, rooting and layering propagation.

Seedling plot: It is advisable to choose fertile sandy loam with loose soil layer, good drainage and closed water source, and garden-specific organic fertilizer with completely corrupt fertilization, and turn over more than 30 cm for later use.

1. Cutting propagation can be divided into direct cutting and cutting seedling raising.

Cutting period: it can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Spring should be before the new buds germinate, and autumn should be from early September to the middle of 10.

Selection and treatment of cuttings: 1 ~ 2-year-old robust branches should be selected, the cutting length is about 30 cm, and each branch has at least 3 nodes. Then, remove the lower leaves, leaving two upper leaves, cut the lower end near the node into smooth inclined planes, tie every 50 leaves into L small bundles, quickly dip the lower inclined plane with 372 1 cutting rooting solution for 5 ~ 10 seconds, and cut immediately after it is slightly dry.

(1) Direct cutting: according to the row spacing of 120× 150 cm or 120×300 cm, dig holes in the whole planting land, with the hole diameter of 40cm and the depth of 40 cm, loosen the soil, and apply a proper amount of decomposed organic bacterial fertilizer to each hole. Each hole is inserted with 1 root, and the insertion depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the cutting. Then fill in the fine soil, step on it with your feet and water it 1 time to keep the soil moist. Generally, new roots can sprout in about ten days, and you can also see the white budding point of explosion.

(2) Cutting seedling in greenhouse at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter: on the flat and raked seedbed, a shallow ditch with a depth of 20 cm is opened at a row spacing of 20 cm, and cuttings soaked with bactericide (biological type) and special rooting solution for cutting are placed obliquely every 5 cm along the shallow ditch, with a depth of 1/2 ~ 2/3, and then the shallow ditch is backfilled with soil.

2. Layered propagation is carried out during the dormant period of plants in autumn and winter or before germination in early spring.

3 ~ 4-year-old honeysuckle with flowering, vigorous growth and high yield was selected as the mother plant. Bend and bury the 1 year-old branches near the ground, cut off the buried parts of the branches (soaked with bactericide and cutting rooting solution), and cover the fine soil of 10 ~ 15 cm to expose the branches from the ground. If the branches are long, they can be bent and pressed into the soil. Feed water and fertilizer according to logistics (liquid water and fertilizer, such as growth essence, nuclear energy elements, etc.). ), and the next spring, the layered seedlings that have taken root can be cut off from the mother and planted separately.

1, land selection and land preparation

The soil requirements of the planting area are the same as those of the nursery area. It is advisable to choose fertile sandy loam with loose soil layer, good drainage and closed water source, and apply 2500 kg compost per mu with a depth of more than 30cm. In addition, it can also be planted on barren slopes, fields, ditches, ridges and open spaces in front of houses.

Step 2 transplant

It can be carried out before germination in early spring and dormancy in autumn and winter. The common planting densities in production are row spacing 150 cm and plant spacing 120 cm. According to this density, dig each pit with a width of 40 cm, apply an appropriate amount of organic bacterial fertilizer to each pit and mix it with the subsoil. Then plant 1 strong seedlings in each hole, fill them with fine soil, compact them, and pour them thoroughly with root water.

Four, honeysuckle field management

Strengthening the field management of honeysuckle is the main link of high yield. Field cultivation management generally includes intertillage weeding, pruning and shaping, fertilization and watering, pest control and so on.

1, intertillage weeding

After planting honeysuckle, it is necessary to regularly weed and loosen the soil so that there are no weeds around the plant to facilitate growth. After thawing the ground in spring and before freezing in autumn, intertillage, loosen soil, weed and cultivate soil. Usually, according to the weed situation, loosen the soil to weed. When hoeing the ground, we should start from the periphery of the flower pier, from far to near, first deep and then shallow, so as to avoid damaging the roots. Before transplanting and closing the forest, intertillage and weed 3 times a year. 1 time is when new leaves sprout in spring, the second time is after picking flowers, and the third time is when leaves fall in late autumn and early winter. The soil should be cultivated once a year before the new buds germinate in early spring and before freezing in late autumn and early winter. This can improve the ground temperature, prevent drought and moisture, promote the development of root system, and make more branches and flowers. After enclosure, because there are few weeds, intertillage is inconvenient, and it is enough to germinate in spring and shed leaves in winter 1 time. During intertillage, the rhizosphere should be shallow around and slightly deep in the distance.

2. Dressing and shaping

Honeysuckle is a sunny crop. Many flowers are born on sunny new branches, such as lush foliage, which is easy to cause depression; Therefore, only through reasonable shaping and pruning can high yield be obtained.

Honeysuckle has long branches. If it grows naturally, it will crawl on the ground. When it touches the ground, new roots will sprout and new seedlings will grow, which will hinder ventilation and light transmission and cause the crown to close. Although the flowering branches can continue to grow, they no longer bloom, and only the new buds germinated on the original flowering mother branches can bud again. Therefore, pruning and shaping should be carried out after the plants grow. Trimming and shaping are mainly divided into two ways: conventional shaping and vertical auxiliary shaping.

Conventional plastic surgery

Its purpose is to cut honeysuckle into short and upright umbrella shrubs. After transplanting 1 ~ 2 years before honeysuckle sprouts.

First, cultivate the trunk: trim the height of the plant to about 35cm to promote the germination of branches. Leave 5 ~ 6 strong branches on the upper part of the trunk. Branches that germinate in that year are generally flower branches, and the buds that come out should be picked in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of plants in the next year.

The second is branch pruning: cutting off the upper part of branches, leaving only 5 ~ 7 pairs of buds to promote the growth of new branches. Pruning dead old branches and over-dense branches: Because old branches don't bloom, they should be pruned before germination every spring to reduce nutrient consumption and prune over-dense branches that affect ventilation and light transmission. In addition, the downward distribution of branches and young strips from the base should also be cut off. In addition, after each harvest, the branches should be trimmed properly and the diseased branches should be cut off, so that the branches of honeysuckle are evenly and reasonably distributed, permeable and breathable, which is conducive to more flowering.

Pruning has a very obvious effect on increasing the yield of honeysuckle. Through pruning, the flowers are harvested four times a year, and the first flowering is 5-7 days earlier and the second flowering is 3 days earlier, which is 4-6 times higher than that without pruning. The results showed that after/kloc-0 pruning in winter and 3 pruning in growth period, the average total output of flowers per pier was 969.25g, the total output of uncut flowers was 684.58g, the yield of pruning was 284.67g higher than that of uncut flowers, and the yield increase rate was 465,438 0.58%. After pruning, the utilization rate of light energy in each part of the flower pile is improved, the invalid branches and leaves such as weak branches and long branches are removed, the consumption of nutrients and water is reduced, the number of branches and leaves is reasonable, the growth environment is improved, and the plants are robust, which is beneficial to the high yield of honeysuckle.

It can be seen that pruning is necessary, but enough is enough, not too much. The first pruning time is winter pruning: winter pruning can be carried out from 65438+February to the end of February of the following year. The second is cutting in the growing period. Pruning in the growing season is carried out after picking flowers every time, with the aim of promoting the formation of multi-crop flowers and increasing the yield. At the beginning of June, the first 1 spring shoot cutting after the first flowering was carried out. The second time is in late July, and the summer shoots are cut after the second flowering; The third time was in early September, and the autumn shoots were cut after three crops of flowers. Growing season pruning needs light pruning.

3. Fertilizer and water

Fertilization and watering are generally carried out in early spring or early winter every year. Specifically, when the first crop of flowers is about to be harvested in early spring, an annular ditch is opened around the plant, standard and efficient controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the soil is covered, which is convenient for water and fertilizer conservation. If the soil is fertile, you can apply less or no fertilizer to prevent plants from growing wildly. After the first flowering, topdressing urea is the main method.

In addition, foliar topdressing and foliar spraying can also be carried out, and the yield is also obvious. Before winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure to help overwinter. In dry weather, water the soil in time to keep it moist.

4, honeysuckle pests and diseases and their prevention and control

The main pests and diseases of honeysuckle are powdery mildew and aphids. Mainly adopt the method of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control. Agricultural control and chemical control are usually used.

1. Powdery mildew

Harm honeysuckle leaves and tender stems. In the early stage of leaf disease, round white velvet mildew spots appeared, and then expanded and connected into pieces, forming white powder spots of different sizes. Finally, it causes fallen flowers and dead leaves, making the branches dry.

(1) Agricultural control: timely weeding, intertillage and loosening soil, and reasonable pruning.

(2) Chemical control: When the disease is serious, use disinfectants such as sterilization or spray 1500 times of 25% triadimefon or 1000 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl, and spray 1 time every 7 days for 3-4 times.

2. Aphids

Damage to honeysuckle leaves and buds, causing leaf curl and oil flow, polluting buds and reducing the quality and yield of honeysuckle.

Chemical control: honeysuckle is very important as a traditional Chinese medicine. Chemical control is generally not used in the prevention and control process, and only biological drugs can be used. However, when aphids are seriously harmful, they can be controlled by spraying pesticides to knock them down or kill them.

Note: Cutting is generally carried out before 10 in the morning and after 4: 00 in the afternoon, and the cutting is picked on the same day. Cutting can be directly inserted into sandy loam seedbed with the cutting depth of1/2 ~ 2/3; If the cuttage sowing is too deep and the ventilation is not good, the roots will rot easily. If the cutting has three nodes, generally leave two leaves outside, the cutting should be even and tidy, the leaves should be oriented in the same direction, not crowded and not overlapped, so as to ensure ventilation and light transmission and the maximum cutting amount per unit area. After insertion, compact the soil with your fingers. Water it. Pour honey into the soil with cuttings.

Post-cutting management: after cutting, spread plastic film for closed management. Both sides of the shed were compacted with soil. There must be no gaps. But the two ends of the shed do not need to be sealed, ventilated and inspected. Usually tamped with masonry to prevent air leakage. After cutting, because the shed is closed all day, the air humidity in the shed is saturated, and the number of water spraying can be greatly reduced. Generally, it is enough to spray water 1 time a month, and it is easy to rot if you spray too much water. When spraying water, the nozzle of the household sprayer can be tied to the bamboo pole and extended into the shed from both ends for spraying. Close the shed immediately after spraying.