Zhoukoudian site area is an important Paleolithic site in northern China, of which the most famous is the Peking man site, the first site of Zhoukoudian. This site was first discovered by Swedish scholar An Tesheng in 192 1 year, and was later excavated by many scholars. 1927, Canadian scholar Budasheng officially excavated the site of Zhoukoudian, and officially named the three human teeth found in Zhoukoudian as the Beijing species of Chinese ape. 1929, Chinese archaeologist Pei Wenzhong unearthed the first Peking man skull, which caused a sensation in the world.

Zhoukoudian site has been excavated intermittently for more than 80 years, and scientific research is still in progress. The first site has been excavated for more than 40 meters, but it is less than half of the accumulation in the cave. The number of ape-man fossils, stone tools and mammal fossils unearthed in Zhoukoudian Beijing ape-man site and the richness of fire remains are incomparable to other sites of the same era.