Medical personnel should explain the condition and medical measures to patients in medical activities. If surgery, special examination and special treatment are needed, the medical staff shall promptly explain the medical risks and alternative medical programs to the patients and obtain their written consent; If it is not appropriate to explain it to the patient, it shall explain it to the patient's close relatives and obtain their written consent. If the opinions of patients or their close relatives cannot be obtained due to emergency situations such as rescuing dying patients, corresponding medical measures can be implemented immediately with the approval of the person in charge of the medical institution or the authorized person in charge. If a medical institution submits evidence of the written consent of the patient or his close relatives, the people's court may determine that the medical institution has fulfilled its obligation of explanation, unless the patient has evidence to the contrary.