Cultivation method of pear tree
Grafting is usually used to propagate pear trees in production and manufacturing. In China's pear-growing areas, Du pear, Brown pear, Ma pear and Dou pear are often used as glued wood. The sticky wood seeds are mixed evenly and stored at 0-5℃ for 60 days. Choosing autumn seeds is not solved by sand storage. Before planting, make a good bed and choose double row drilling. According to the bed size, each bed broadcasts 2-4 lines. When planting, the ditch of 10- 15cm should be opened first. It is stipulated that the drainage ditch should be vertical and the depth should be consistent. The planting depth is generally 2-3cm. After planting, cover it with fine soil and suppress it slightly. The dosage of seeds is generally 22.5-34.5 kg/ha. After planting, cover the bed surface with agricultural plastic film as much as possible to facilitate germination.
Planting management methods of pear trees
Phenology: Pear trees cover a wide area, so the phenology varies greatly. As far as flowering is concerned, Huili, Sichuan, pear trees generally bloom in early February, and Hunchun, Jilin, blooms in the middle and late May; Yali pear bloomed in Changsha, Hunan Province in early March and in Beizhen, Liaoning Province in early May, with a national difference of nearly two months. Pear trees planted in the same area have different phenology due to different types and varieties. From germination to flowering, autumn pear varieties began, Pak Lei pear varieties were later, Sha pear varieties were later than Pak Lei pear varieties, and West pear varieties were the latest, with a variation range of about 10 day.
Maintenance of flowering period: It is very important to manage the flowering period of pear trees. There is no fruit without grass. If the flowering management method of pear trees is unreasonable or unattended, it is easy to have full flowers and half fruits, low fruit setting rate and low economic benefits.
Smoke and frost prevention, smoke can reduce the release of radiation sources formed by soil, and has the practical effect of moisturizing and hydrating. Smoke particles can digest and absorb water in the body, turn water vapor into liquid to release heat, raise soil temperature and reduce or prevent freezing injury.
Common problems in pear tree planting
Environmental temperature pears like warm weather, so pregnancy needs a higher environmental temperature, and dormancy needs a certain ultra-low temperature. The suitable temperature for pear trees throughout the year is 4- 12℃ for Qiuzi pear, 7- 15℃ for Pak Lei and Xiyang pear, and 13-2 1℃ for Shali pear. When the soil temperature reaches above 0.5℃, the root system gradually moves and new roots grow at 6-7℃. When the temperature is above 30℃ or below 0℃, the growth will stop. When the temperature is above 5℃, pear buds germinate gradually, when the temperature is above 10℃, they can blossom, and when the temperature is above 14℃, the flowering is accelerated. Pears have different low temperature tolerance. Qiuzi pear, which is native to northeast China, has strong low temperature tolerance, and its wild species can tolerate ultra-low temperature of -52℃, and its cultivated species is-30-35℃. Pak Lei class can withstand-23-25℃; The ability of pear and pear is about -20℃. The critical cold pressure of Laiyang pear in Henan Province is -5℃ in bud stage, -3.5℃ in inflorescence separation stage,-1.5-2℃ in flowering stage and-1.5℃ in full flowering stage.
The pear tree illuminated by sunlight is the fruit tree of Xiyang. The annual sunshine requirement is between 1600- 1700 hours. The light compensation point of pear leaves is about 1 100 lux (lx), and the light saturation point is about 54,000 lux (lx). (3) Shuilishu is pregnant and needs more water. The transpiration coefficient is 284-40 1, and the leaf area index evaporates about 40g per square meter. When it is less than 10g, it may cause damage. Qiuzi pear Pak Lei. Xiyang pear has poor moisture tolerance, while Shali pear has strong moisture tolerance.
Pear trees in soil layer have strong adaptability to soil environment, and sandy soil with thick soil layer, loose soil layer, good water permeability and water locking characteristics and low groundwater level is more suitable. Pear trees have wide adaptability to strong acid and alkali in soil layer, and can grow normally in the range of pH 5-8.5, with pH5.8-7 being the most suitable. Pear trees also have strong salt tolerance. When the soil salt content is below 0.2%, everything grows normally. When it is higher than 0.3%, the root growth is damaged and the pregnancy is obviously bad.
Effective fertilization
Sufficient fertilizer should be applied before planting, and appropriate fertilizer should be applied in the middle and late stages. It is an early topdressing base fertilizer, which is beneficial to promote the growth rate of pear trees.
In order to better supplement the nutrients needed for stem growth, compound fertilizer should be applied to promote flowering before flowering and withering, and potassium fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied during fruit expansion, which is conducive to promoting rapid fruit expansion.
Pear trees are drought-tolerant, so they can be watered once every time they are fertilized.
Plastic trimming
Moderate plastic and cosmetic pruning is conducive to the growth of stems, more flowers and fruits, and thus improve efficiency.
When the seedlings grow to 70-80cm, they can be pruned and reshaped, and pruning the buds is beneficial to promote hair growth, thus accelerating the formation of trunk.
When the tree type is right, it is necessary to put too dense long branches, blind branches and pest branches. When the invalid branch is cut off, more auxiliary branches should be left.
In order to ensure a certain fruit yield, it is necessary to gain weight at flowering stage and carry out artificial pollination to ensure high yield.