Insufficient illumination in the inner chamber is easy to cause twigs to die, so we must pay attention to the light transmission in the inner chamber of the crown, open the tree and make the branches happy. Strong polarity, easy to appear strong and weak, strong and weak. Pay attention to the bending and elongation of backbone branches when shaping and pruning. There are many sparse branches at the top, and there should be no big branches on the back.
Second, peach tree shaping and pruning common tree shape ① natural happy shape
For planting orchards with normal density, the stems are 40~50cm high, and generally three main branches are left with a spacing of 20cm and a base angle of 60 ~ 70, which are evenly distributed. Leave 3~4 lateral branches outside each main branch. Leave fruit branches and fruit branches on the main branches and side branches.
Branches. Sparse plantations can leave a second side branch on the opposite side of the first side branch.
(2) The individual plant is Y-shaped.
Used in close planting orchards, the stems are fixed at 40~50cm, and two new shoots with balanced growth potential extending between rows are selected to be cultivated as main branches, and the tips are picked in time to promote the occurrence of secondary branches, and the opening angle of the two main branches is 45 ~ 50 degrees. When cutting in winter, the strong part at the top of the main branch is cut short as the extension branch of the main branch, and one side branch is cut short from the auxiliary top at its lower end, and the cutting length is smaller than the extension branch of the main branch.
3. Pruning of peach trees in different life stages can be carried out from defoliation to germination in the following year. Generally speaking, peach trees should be pruned from defoliation to Spring Festival. Pruning methods include short cutting, shrinking cutting, thinning branches, long planting and so on. Pruning fruit trees of different ages has different purposes and functions.
Pruning techniques of peach trees can be divided into growth period (summer) and dormancy period (winter) according to time. According to the age of peach trees, it can be divided into young age, full fruit period and aging period. There are different technical methods for pruning peach trees in different periods and ages.
(1) Pruning of young trees and trees at the first fruit stage.
Pruning of peach trees of different ages. The young age of peach trees is 65438+ 0 ~ 4 years after designated planting. The growth characteristics of peach trees in this period are vigorous growth, many branches and sparse flower buds. According to the growth characteristics of this period, before the formation of the basic skeleton of peach trees, that is, 1 ~ 2 years after planting, the pruning of peach trees is mainly to fix the trunk, leave 3 ~ 5 branches as the main branches, and cut off other side branches that compete with the main branches for nutrients. Three to four years after the peach tree is planted, the basic skeleton of the peach tree has been determined. At this time, the main purpose of pruning is to prune the middle and small branches above the crown. The full-fruit period of peach trees refers to the period after the young trees of peach trees, which generally lasts for more than 10 years and can reach 15 years at most [1].
The pruning of young trees and first-bearing trees should focus on shaping, expanding the crown as soon as possible, cultivating a solid skeleton, and laying the foundation for high yield in the future. According to the standard of the tree to be cultivated, the main branches and extended branches are cut short to cultivate the tree; For those that are not cleaned in time, cut off dead branches, pests and branches. The main branches are cut lightly and put long, which promotes their flowering and early fruiting, and gradually cultivates various fruiting branches.