Plum tastes sour, which can promote the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, thereby increasing appetite and promoting digestion, and is especially suitable for patients with gastric acid deficiency, fullness after eating and constipation. Amino acids such as serine, glycine, proline and glutamine in fresh plum meat have diuretic and detumescence effects, and have adjuvant therapeutic effects on liver cirrhosis.
Prunus mume contains a variety of nutrients, which can protect and lubricate the skin. The antioxidant content in plums is surprisingly high, which can be called "super fruit" for anti-aging and disease prevention.
Commonly used rootstocks are peaches and Chinese plums. As a rootstock, peach has strong affinity, fast growth, early fruiting, drought tolerance, large and sweet fruit, but not moisture tolerance, prone to root cancer and gummosis, premature aging and short life. Plum rootstock is suitable for wet areas, with high grafting survival rate, long life, fat and high yield, but the fruit is not as big as peach rootstock.
Scions are harvested from high-quality and high-yield mother trees. Annual branches with complete growth and development in the middle and upper part of the crown are selected, and the survival rate is generally high when grafting is collected. Branches pruned in winter can also be stored as scions. Grafting can be bud grafting or cutting. Bud grafting is carried out in June-August and cutting is carried out in June-February.
Cutting propagation method
Annual cuttings are easy to take root and become seedlings. In addition, it is easy to survive in winter by digging root segments with a diameter of 7-8mm for cutting.
Factory division
Rhizosphere sprout can be used for plant propagation. Soil is usually piled up in the rhizosphere to promote the formation of adventitious buds on horizontal roots. After budding, the root tiller seedlings were separated from the mother plant in the second year and became independent seedlings for transplantation.
Selection of rootstock varieties
Dwarf rootstock is selected, which has strong affinity with grafted varieties, and varieties with bright fruit color, high yield and slightly weak growth potential should be selected. The varieties of plums are very rich, and the traditional fine varieties in China are "Madam Plum, Jiaqing Plum, Shelley Plum, Hongxiang Plum, Huang Yu Plum, Mili Plum and May Plum". At present, the domestic and imported plum varieties that are popularized and applied in production mainly include: Dashi Zaosheng, Japanese Plum King, Misi Plum, Rose Queen, Blackberry, American Big Plum, Changle Niuxin Plum, Xianfeng Plum and so on.
Pot soil preparation
Plum bonsai must contain enough fertility in limited pot soil to maintain the growth and fruit of plums. Generally, 4 parts of rotten leaves, 2 parts of rotten manure, 2 parts of broken bones and 4 parts of garden soil are mixed, and a small amount of calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate are properly mixed to increase soil fertility. Mix the basin soil fully and evenly, grind and sieve. The culture soil should be disinfected by spraying 1.5% formalin solution before use. When planting, let the roots stretch, soil up and compact, so as to achieve "three buries, two steps and one seedling raising", water the bottom and put it in the shade to slow down the seedlings.
Dump the soil and change the basin.
The nutrients in the basin soil are gradually washed away by frequent watering. After 2 ~ 3 years, the soil fertility in the basin is insufficient and the physical structure becomes worse. It is necessary to pour pots in time and replenish new culture soil. Stop watering before pouring the basin, and let the soil shrink and separate from the basin wall, so as to pour out the basin soil. After the soil is inverted, cut off the old roots with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm around the pot soil, mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, and sieve to fill the bottom. Then bring the soil to the basin, add fertile soil around it, and water it 1 time. Because the root system of plum blossom bonsai grows rapidly, after 1 to 2 years, the root system will curl along the basin wall and the old roots will be densely covered, which will affect the growth of new roots. Therefore, when changing pots, cutting off curly roots and thinning crowded old roots is beneficial to the growth of new roots and improving the ability to absorb water and nutrients.
Plastic trimming
The tree shape of plum blossom bonsai should not only be beneficial to the result, but also have aesthetic effect and improve its ornamental value. Usually, it is mainly natural round head and tower shape, and it can also be shaped into cliff-like, curved-dry and other favorite trees according to personal hobbies. After planting, we should make full use of the measures of supporting and dividing plants, open branches within 1 ~ 2 years, and bear fruit early.
When pruning, moderately prune the annual branches to stimulate the germination of the branches and form a small crown tree with compact results. When selecting, retaining and cultivating the main lateral branches of young plum trees and completing the shaping task, it is necessary to balance the tree potential, maintain the master-slave relationship of the backbone branches at all levels, and appropriately prune the backbone branches that grow too fast. The trees that bear fruit for the first time are mainly short fruit branches and bouquets. After entering the fruit, according to the strength of its growth, leave 2 ~ 3 full buds at the base for further cutting. For long branches, it can be reduced to biennial branches, so that the middle and small branches in the whole crown are densely distributed.
Anthracnose is harmful to leaves. Before germination in early spring, spray 5-degree sulfur mixture or 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture. Gum flow does not represent gum disease, but is harmful to the bark of trunk and branch. In summer and autumn, 800 times mancozeb or 800 times thiophanate were sprayed on the diseased trees to scrape off the diseased parts. For aphids, in order to harm new shoots, tobacco leaf extract can be sprayed continuously for 2-3 times, every 7- 10d/time.
The main diseases and insect pests of plum trees are moth eater, red spider, leaf curl moth, thorn moth and so on. Spraying chlorpyrifos 0/000 times of/kloc-or 40% dimethoate 0/500 times of/kloc-can control pests. The main diseases are bacterial perforation, brown spot, powdery mildew and verticillium wilt. Bordeaux mixture containing 0.5% lime can be sprayed 1 time at the end of April or early May, and then sprayed 2 ~ 3 times every half month. When bacterial perforation occurs, 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder can be sprayed on the leaves 3000 times.
Tiantuan management
Enlarge the pit, improve the soil and apply heavy fertilizer deeply. Topdressing should be based on the principle of diligent application and thin application, and more application should be made at the tip stage. Fertilizer should be diluted first and then concentrated, and the dosage will increase with the expansion of trees. Pay attention to shaping and controlling branches to cultivate high-yield trees. In summer, the long branches are mainly picked or cut short, and the long branches growing on the trunk and main branches are thinned. In winter, dead branches, insect pests and drooping branches are mainly cut off.
Fertilizer and water management
After the planted seedlings survive, they are made into terraces with shallow ditches with a width of 20 cm and a depth of 5 cm. The terraces are used for drainage, irrigation and fertilization in summer. Topdressing once every 10 day in the early growth stage, applying 25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu from germination to flowering stage, and applying 25 kilograms of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate per mu from young fruit stage to mature stage. Fertilize the fruits underground in time during the vegetative growth period, with ammonium bicarbonate or urea of 0/50 kg per mu/kloc, and apply organic fertilizer in the border or tree tray in September every year, mainly with decomposed chicken manure and circulating fertilizer. Apply 3000 kg of high-quality coarse fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate and 30 kg of urea per mu, and water once after each fertilization. In the whole production process, except watering after fertilization, water 1 ~2 times according to soil moisture, and intertillage and loosen the soil at any time after irrigation.