As the saying goes, the maintenance management of garden trees is divided into three parts and seven parts. Whether the survival rate of trees after planting can achieve good results as soon as possible depends on the maintenance level. Maintenance is a long-term and meticulous work. According to the growth habits, climate, soil, planting environment and other conditions of trees, scientific maintenance methods are adopted. The main contents include watering, drainage, intertillage weeding, fertilization, shaping and pruning, replanting protection, pest control and other maintenance and management aspects. Management of soil, fertilizer and water (1) Soil improvement. Clay soil is poor, which is easy to cause poor growth, premature aging or root rot death of trees, so exotic soil planting or comprehensive improvement measures are adopted. Such as deep ploughing, digging big pits, changing planting soil, mixing sand in tree holes, applying organic fertilizer, weeding in time and improving soil structure. (2) Soil fertilization. After planting trees, you can't always apply the same fertilizer in one place, which will reduce soil fertility and affect the normal development of trees. Pay attention to the following points when fertilizing trees: 1. The depth of fertilization should be determined according to the nature of fertilizer, the age of trees and the distribution characteristics of roots. For tree species with developed roots and far distribution, such as willow, Chinese pine and poplar, deep fertilization and large-scale fertilization should be carried out. The shallow roots such as torch, Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica and flowering shrubs should be applied shallowly. Deep application of big trees, shallow application of small trees and deep application of base fertilizer. 2. When applying base fertilizer, topdressing should be skillful. 3. Fertilization should be combined with deep ploughing and irrigation. 4. Irrigation and fertilization should be controlled in the late growth stage of trees, so as not to cause white branches to grow and reduce drought resistance, and fertilization should end at the end of August. 5. plant ash cannot be applied to alkaline soil. 6. Young conifers should not use chemical fertilizer. 7. Don't use excessive fertilization or immature organic fertilizer. (3) Irrigation and drainage. 1. The irrigation period depends on the habits of trees, the requirements for water in different periods, the local climate characteristics and the law of soil water change. (1) Water during hibernation. It is dry and windy in winter and spring, so watering during hibernation is particularly important. A, late autumn and early winter, it is called pouring frozen water and sealing ice water. It can improve the overwintering ability of trees and is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of drought in early spring. B, early spring watering is generally carried out in early March, which is called watering green water. It can increase soil moisture and prevent the harm of late spring cold and late frost, which is beneficial to the growth of budding new shoots and leaves and the flowering of flower and fruit trees in spring. (2) Water in the growing period. A. Germination and leaf exhibition period: This period is a dry, windy and rainy season, so water it in time. This period is also the season when the soil returns to salt, so it should be watered thoroughly with clear water. B, vigorous growth period: during this period, trees need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time to meet the water demand of trees. C. Summer: In summer, when the temperature is high and it is rainy, it is generally unnecessary to water more, so water it properly. It is advisable to spray water on the leaves (morning and evening), but water it in time in dry years. For flower viewing in early spring and some fruit tree varieties, proper watering should be carried out in time during flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, fruit development and fruit setting rate. D. Autumn: When the soil is too dry, it should be watered properly, but generally it should be controlled to avoid excessive branches, which is not conducive to overwintering. 2. Quantity and frequency of watering. Different tree species have different planting years. Generally, flowering shrubs and tree species that like moist soil have more watering quantity and times than ordinary tree species. Trees with deep roots and drought tolerance can be watered less often. In places with poor soil, trees do not grow well or in dry years, you can water them properly. 3. Drainage. When there is more rainfall in summer, waterlogging is easy to form in low-lying areas, and drainage should be done in time after heavy rain. Second, the shaping and pruning of garden trees (I) The significance of shaping and pruning: The shaping and pruning of trees is an important work of landscaping maintenance management. Through pruning, ventilation and light transmission conditions can be improved, diseases and insect pests can be reduced, flowering and fruiting can be promoted, the growth potential of trees can be adjusted, trees can grow healthily, a reasonable crown structure can be maintained, and a beautiful tree shape can be formed, thus achieving the highest survival rate of planting trees. (2) Principle of plastic trimming: plastic trimming refers to trimming measures (cutting, sawing, bundling, tying, etc. ) make trees form a certain shape. Pruning is a measure to cut or delete some organs (stems, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, buds and roots) of a tree. When pruning trees, according to the following principles. (1) According to the growth and development habits of trees. The top growth potential (ginkgo, spruce, Pinus tabulaeformis) should be retained by the central leadership; The top growth is easy to form clumps (pearl plum, yellow thorn rose), which can be trimmed into spheres and hemispheres. (2) According to the light demand of trees, natural and happy pruning methods can be adopted for trees (peaches and cherry blossoms) that like light; Generally, trees and shrubs can keep ventilation and light transmission in the crown by thinning branches. (3) According to the strength of germination and germination, tree species with strong germination (Buxus macrophylla and Ulmus pumila) can be pruned and pruned many times, while tree species with weak germination and callus ability (White Orchid and Cherry Blossom) should be pruned less. (4) According to the growth status of branches in different parts: in order to balance the growth potential of each main branch, the strong main branch should be re-cut, and the weak main branch should be lightly cut; And adjust the growth potential of side branches, lightly cut strong side branches, and re-cut weak side branches. (5) According to the different requirements of different tree species for different functions, the ways of shaping and pruning are also different, which will result in different landscape effects. The pruning methods of wisteria planted in shrubs and wisteria used as scaffolding are also different. There is a great difference between Sabina vulgaris planting alone and planting as a hedge. All kinds of trees in the garden should be pruned according to their different functional requirements when landscaping. (6) According to the growth conditions and environment of trees: in places with poor soil or high groundwater level, the branching points of trees should be appropriately reduced; In windy places, it is advisable to adopt a plastic way lower than short crown or sparse crown. (7) According to the age stage of the tree: the growth potential of the old tree has weakened, so it should be pruned with strong cutting to achieve the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation. (3) Tree shaping and pruning 1. Trimming is one of the important measures for maintenance. Through pruning, the trees are adjusted and balanced, and the trees grow healthily, neatly and beautifully. It can also improve the survival rate of newly planted trees, achieve an ideal tree shape and increase the aesthetic feeling of viewing. Through manual control, the growth of plants can be developed according to human requirements, and under the premise of mastering the biological characteristics of trees, full excavation can be realized through systematic technical measures.