elementary knowledge
The most common silkworm, also known as silkworm, is one of the economic insects that cocoon on mulberry leaves. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombyx mori, and its scientific name is BombyxmoriLinaeus. Silkworm originated in China, its development temperature is 7-40℃, and its rearing temperature is 20-30℃, which is mainly distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.
Silkworms have to go through eggs, ants, babies, cocoons and moths for more than forty days in their life.
The newly hatched silkworm babies are as black as ants, and we call them "ant silkworms". Their bodies are covered with fine hairs, which will not be obvious in about two days. Silkworm ants will have an appetite about 40 minutes after hatching, and then start the feeding process.
Silkworm babies feed on mulberry leaves After eating mulberry leaves continuously, the body gradually turned white and began to peel after a period of time. When peeling, they don't eat or move for a day or so like sleeping. This is called "dormancy". Once skinned, it is the second instar larva. Even if they are skinned once, they will increase by one year, and * * * will have to be skinned four times to become fifth instar larvae.
It takes two days and two nights for a five-year-old larva to cocoon, and the longest cocoon silk can be pulled 1.5 km! After about ten days, it appeared in the form of a silkworm moth and emerged from the cocoon. After cocoon emergence, the female moth emits odor to lure the male moth to mate, and the male moth dies after mating. The female moth spent about one night laying about 500 eggs, and then died slowly.
Here is a brief introduction to the morphology of silkworm eggs, pupae and moths and the growth characteristics of silkworms.
Silkworm eggs: Silkworms reproduce with eggs. Silkworm eggs look like fine sesame seeds, about 1 mm wide and about 0.5 mm thick. A female moth can lay 400~500 silkworm eggs, 1700~2000 silkworm eggs, weighing about1g. The color of silkworm eggs, which is light yellow or yellow at first, changes to light red bean color and red bean color after 1~2 days, and turns to grayish green or purple after 3~4 days, which is called color fixing. The outer layer of silkworm eggs is a hard eggshell with yolk and serosa inside. Embryos in fertilized eggs constantly absorb nutrients during development and gradually develop into ant silkworms, which crawl out of the eggshell and turn white or light yellow after the eggshell is empty.
Ant silkworm: When the silkworm hatches from the silkworm eggs, its body color is brown or reddish brown, extremely small and hairy, and it looks a bit like an ant, so it is called ant silkworm. Ant silkworm is about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. After it crawls out of the eggshell, it will eat mulberry leaves in 2-3 hours.
Silkworm babies sleep: Silkworm babies eat a lot of mulberries, so they grow fast and their body color gradually fades. However, its food intake gradually decreased, and even it was completely fasted. It spits out a small amount of silk, fixes its abdomen and feet on the silkworm seat, raises its head and chest, stops moving, and seems to be asleep, which is called "sleep". Sleeping silkworms, seemingly motionless in appearance, are preparing to shed their skin inside. After peeling off the old skin, the growth of silkworm has entered a new era, from ant silkworm to spinning cocoon and molting for four times. Sleepiness is one of the growth characteristics of silkworms, which is a genetic trait of silkworms and is also affected by the environment. At present, the silkworms bred in China are four dormant varieties.
Silkworm age: also known as age, refers to the fact that silkworm babies are at a certain stage of development. The first age is from the ant silkworm to the first molting; Enter the second age after sleeping; Enter the third age after molting again; After the third molting, it enters the fourth age, and the fourth molting is also called sleeping. After a deep sleep, they enter the fifth age. The fifth instar silkworm grows very fast, with a body length of 6-7 cm and a weight of 654.38+0.0000 times that of the ant silkworm.
Mature silkworm: By the end of the fifth instar, the silkworm baby gradually shows mature characteristics: first, the discharged feces change from hard to soft, from dark green to leaf green; Loss of appetite, decreased consumption of mulberry; The front digestive tract is empty and the chest is transparent; Then stop eating completely, the body drive is shortened, and the abdomen tends to be transparent. Silkworm's head and chest are raised, its mouth is full of silk, and it swings from side to side to find the breeding place of cocoon. Such silkworms are called mature silkworms.
Cocoon formation at the adult stage: People put mature silkworms in special containers or on cocoon traps, and silkworms will spin silk and form cocoons.
Cocoon formation can be divided into four processes: 1. Mature silkworms first spit out their own silk and stick it on the cocoon feeder, and then spit it out to connect the surrounding cocoons to form a cocoon forming bracket, that is, a cocoon forming net. The cocoon net has no cocoon shape, but some soft and messy cocoon silk layers as the support for cocoon formation. 2. After the silkworm forms a cocoon web, it constantly spits out messy silk loops, thickens the inner layer of the cocoon web, and then spins in an S-shape, and the outline of the cocoon begins to appear, which is called a cocoon clothing. The silk fibers in cocoon shell are thin and brittle, with extremely irregular arrangement and high sericin content. 3. After the cocoon layer is formed, the cocoon cavity gradually becomes smaller, and the front and rear ends of the silkworm body bend backward to form a "C" shape. Silkworms continue to spit out cocoon silk, and the way of spinning silk is transformed from s to infinity, and the process of cocoon formation begins. 4. When the silkworm's body is greatly reduced due to a large amount of spinning, the swinging speed of the head and chest slows down, and there is no certain rhythm, and the spinning begins to appear messy, forming a loose and soft cocoon silk layer, which is called pupa lining.
Silkworm pupae: Silkworms will become pupae after 4 days of cocoon formation. Silkworm pupa is shaped like a rotating pestle, which is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen. The head is small, with compound eyes and tentacles; The chest has chest feet and wings; The bulging abdomen has nine nodes. Professional workers can distinguish men and women from the lines and brown spots on the abdomen of silkworm chrysalis. When the silkworm chrysalis is just pupated, its body color is light yellow, the pupa is tender and soft, and it will gradually turn yellow, brown or brown, and the pupa skin will become hard. After about 12 to 15 days, when the pupa body becomes soft again and the pupa skin is a little wrinkled and brown, it will become a moth.
Silkworm moth (adult): Silkworm moth is shaped like a butterfly and covered with white scales, but it has lost its ability to fly because of its small wings. The head of silkworm moth is spherical, with compound eyes and tentacles protruding; The chest has a pair of chest feet and two pairs of wings; There is no abdominal foot in the abdomen, and the terminal body segment has evolved into an external genitalia. Female moths are large and slow to crawl; Male moths are small, crawling fast, and their wings vibrate fast, looking for a mate. Generally, after mating for 3 to 4 hours, the female moth can give birth to fertilized eggs. After mating, the male moth dies, and the female moth can lay about 500 eggs a night, and then slowly die.
The egg laid by silkworm moth → hatching silkworm → pupation → moth transformation completes the new generation cycle. This is the life history of silkworms.
Silkworm variety
First, silkworms
Also known as silkworm, it is one of the economic insects that feed on mulberry leaves and spin cocoons. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA and Bombyx mori. Silkworm originated in China, its development temperature is 7-40℃, and its rearing temperature is 20-30℃, which is mainly distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.
Silkworm is an oligophagous insect. It likes to eat not only mulberry leaves, but also mulberry leaves, Broussonetia papyrifera leaves, elm leaves, duck onion leaves, dandelion leaves and lettuce leaves. Mulberry leaves are the most suitable natural food for silkworms. Silkworm is a completely abnormal insect, which has to go through four completely different stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult. It takes 22-26 days from hatching to spinning and cocoon formation in larval stage. A silkworm eats about 200-25 grams of mulberry leaves in its lifetime. Generally, after four times of sleep and molting, its weight increases by about 654.38+0.0000 times during extreme growth. The consumption of mulberry leaves in the last stage accounts for more than 85% of the total consumption of mulberry leaves. Silkworm cocoons can be reeled. Silk is an excellent textile fiber and a raw material for making silks and satins. Silkworm pupa is edible. Silkworm moth and silkworm excrement are comprehensively utilized and are raw materials for many chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Silkworm excrement pillow has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, strengthening brain and improving eyesight.
Second, tussah
Silk-spinning insects that feed on oak leaves. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Tussah. Originated in China, the development temperature is 8-30℃, the optimum development temperature is 1 1-25℃, and the optimum temperature is 22-24℃. Mainly distributed in China. It is also distributed in North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Ukraine, India and Japan.
Tussah feeds on leaves of Quercus plants in FAGACEAE, such as Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica. You can also eat the leaves of Artemisia, hawthorn, chestnut, maple, pear, apple and other plants. Tussah is a completely metamorphosed insect, which has to go through four stages of development with completely different morphology and physiological functions: egg, larva, pupa and adult. After four times of sleep and molting. Every molting is 1 time, increasing by 1 year. It takes about 50 days for a silkworm to mature and cocoon from hatching to 5th instar. Spring silkworms eat about 30-35g leaves all their lives, and 50-58g leaves in autumn. Among them, the big gnawing leaves account for more than 80% of the total leaf consumption. The weight of spring silkworm is 14g, and that of autumn silkworm is about 21g. When it grows to the extreme, the weight of wild silkworm is about 2000-3000 times higher than that of ant wild silkworm. Tussah cocoon can be reeled, tussah silk is the raw material of tussah silk, tussah pupa is edible, and it is the raw material of chemical industry, medicine and food industry together with silkworm moth. Eggs are good intermediate hosts for biological control of Trichogramma.
Third, castor silkworm
An economic insect that feeds on the leaves of castor silkworm and cocoons. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Philosamia Cynthia Ricini Bois Duval. Ricinus communis originated in Assam, northeastern India, and was introduced from India in the18th century. It was introduced and raised in China, the United States, Sri Lanka, Malta, Italy, the Philippines, Egypt, Japan, North Korea and other countries. The first generation of castor silkworm goes through four development stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The egg stage is about 10d, the larvae sleep for 20 days, the pupa stage is about 20d, and the first generation is about 45-50d. It is difficult to hatch when the egg period is below 16.5℃ or above 32℃, and the suitable temperature is about 25℃. The suitable temperature for feeding in larval stage is about 24℃. The protection temperature of pupa is about 25℃ and the relative humidity is 75%-90%. Grow to the extreme, weighing about 7g, about 5400 times higher than ant silkworm.
Ricinus communis cocoon can't be reeled, but can be used as raw material to spin Ricinus communis silk. Also, castor blended spun silk is blended with silkworm waste silk, tussah waste silk, ramie and chemical fiber.
Four, cassava silkworm
When castor silkworm feeds on cassava, it is commonly called cassava silkworm in production. It's actually castor silkworm. 1956 In Cenxi County, Guangxi Province, cassava leaves were successfully used to raise castor silkworm, which was later extended to neighboring counties and is now called cassava silkworm. Guangdong and Fujian have also been raised. Its habits and characteristics are the same as those of castor silkworm.
Five, horse silkworm
When castor silkworm feeds on mulberry leaves, it is commonly known as silkworm in production. During the period of 1965, the sericulture experimental station of Tu and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province successfully used wild mulberry leaves to raise castor silkworm. Because it's called horse silkworm. Compared with the rearing of castor leaves, the silkworm reared with silkworm develops slowly, and will grow for 2-4 days at the whole age, but the cocoon layer weight is the same, which can reach 0.34-0.42g g. It is also reared in Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces. Its habits and characteristics are the same as those of castor silkworm.
Six, Huili silkworm
Namely castor silkworm. It is the transliteration name of castor silkworm. The origin of Ricinus communis is Arrom in the northeast of India, which is called the Ricinus communis Delta by local people. The Japanese transliteration of eri-silk is Huili. When castor was introduced into China, it was also called "Huili Silkworm". Because it means "Huili", it is affordable, profitable and easy to popularize. At that time, some people in China translated eri-silkworm into "Erie silkworm" and "Ili silkworm".
Seven, wild silkworm
The leaves of tussah plants in FAGACEAE (such as tussah in Liaodong, tussah in Mongolia, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, etc.) are one of the economic insects that feed on cocoons. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and is also a famous silkworm. Its scientific name is Antheraea Yamamaiguren-Meneville, which is mainly distributed in China, North Korea, South Korea and Japan. The wild silkworm is a completely metamorphosed insect, and its egg period is about 270 days. It takes about 50-60 days from hatching to cocoon formation, 7-8 days from cocoon formation to pupation, and 20-30 days from pupation to emergence. The optimum temperature of warm eggs is 65438 08℃, and the relative humidity is 75%-85%. The optimum temperature for eclosion is 22-26℃. To the extreme growth, the weight of 17- 20g is about 4000 times higher than that of ant silkworm.
The color of natural cocoon is green, which can be reeled, and the silk is beautiful and soft, which can keep natural green without dyeing and has a unique luster. Woven silk is gorgeous and beautiful, and it is a high-grade silk fabric.
Eight, amber silkworm
An economic insect that spins cocoons and feeds on nanmu leaves, also known as Assam or Jiamu silkworm. Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, the scientific name of wild silkworm. "Hey? Bucket (4)? What happened to vanadium? Thorium decorated with dew? 4-25℃, relative humidity 75%-80%, temperature over 35℃, relative humidity below 65%, larvae are difficult to survive. Amber silkworms can eat the leaves of several plants, mainly nanmu leaves, leaves of evergreen plants such as Rubiaceae and tiger thorns, and leaves of plants such as Michelia and Cinnamomum cassia. It is multi-chemical and can be harvested 4-5 times a year. Generally, it takes 25-35 days from hatching to cocoon formation, 2-3 days for cocoon formation, 3-4 days for spawning, 7-8 days in summer and 14- 15 days in winter.
Cocoons are golden yellow and can be reeled. Silk is tough and has amber luster, so it is called "amber silkworm", and its fabric is used to make expensive clothes.
Nine, camphor silkworm
An economic insect that cocoons and feeds on camphor leaves. Also known as wild silkworm, maple silkworm, silkworm fishing and so on. It belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is eriogyna (Saturn ia) pyretoum Westwood. Cinnamomum camphora mainly feeds on the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora with good silk quality, while other moths feed on maple leaves, willow leaves, wild roses, pears, pomegranates, purple bark trees and leaves of families with poor silk quality. The main areas are China, Viet Nam, Indian and other countries, and the largest output is Hainan Island in China. Silkworm of Cinnamomum camphora produces one generation a year and diapauses in pupa state. The optimum temperature for adult emergence is 16- 17℃. Silkworm Cinnamomum camphora * * * experienced 8 instars, and the total age was about 80 days. At maturity, the weight of female silkworm is 16g, and that of male silkworm is 10g. Silkworm breeders generally don't allow them to cocoon. Instead, when they mature, they first soak the mature silkworms in water, then tear their belly between the second and third abdominal legs with their hands, take out two silk glands and soak them in glacial acetic acid (concentration 2.5%), and then spin them after 5-7 minutes, which can be stretched to about 200cm. It is smooth and transparent after washing, tough and waterproof, and transparent in water. It is the best Diaoyutai. About 1000 tablets can be stretched to 500g, which can be refined into high-quality suture for surgery. Silkworm cocoons of camphor trees can also be reeled, but the quantity is very small. Only China produces camphor silk in the world.
Ten, chestnut silkworm
An economic insect that spins silk and forms cocoons and mainly feeds on walnut leaves and chestnut leaves. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Dicty-opoea japonica Moore, which is distributed in China, Japan and other places. Mainly eat leaves such as walnuts, chestnuts, apricots, Pterocarya stenoptera, sweet potato, sweet potato, camphor tree and elm tree. Cocoons that eat walnut leaves are heavy and thick, and those that eat jackgrass and chestnut leaves are even worse. In Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other provinces, one generation is completed every year and overwinters with eggs. In some wild situations, larvae hatch in late May, sleep for 4 or 5 hours, mature in late June, and mature into cocoons in about 50 days. Cocoons are lantern-shaped, with different mesh sizes. It takes about 2 days to cocoon and pupate after 3-5 days. Cocoons can be reeled and used as raw materials for silk spinning, and the quality of silk is excellent. Chestnut silkworms can also take silk glands out of the belly of mature silkworms, soak them in acid and stretch them into fisherman's silk or medical silk.
Xi。 silkworm
The staple food is Ailanthus altissima (Ailanthus altissima), which is also an economic insect that spins cocoons, such as tallow, castor, holly, Michelia, paulownia, Indus, camphor leaves and so on. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Philo samia cyntia Walker et Fdlker. Also known as Toona sinensis and tallow. Distributed in China, Japanese and Indian countries. China is distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other provinces. There are 1 chemistry, 2 chemistry and even 4 chemistry. Cold region 1, Taiwan Province Province 4. Silkworm stage is 30-40d. Mature silkworms pick 2-3 leaves and spin cocoons. Cocoon is grayish brown, spindle-shaped, with a hole at the top and a slender cocoon handle. Cocoon weight is about 3g, cocoon layer weight is about 0.3g, and cocoon layer rate is 10%- 12%. Soil silk is generally used in rural areas, and the woven silk is called Toona sinensis silk.
Twelve, Sapium sebiferum silkworm
One of the economic insects that spin cocoons belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Attacus a tlas Linnaeus. Also known as Dashan silkworm and Big Sapium sebiferum silkworm. Distributed in China, Indian, Japanese, Vietnamese and other countries. China is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces. 2 or 3, overwintering in pupa state. April-165438+ 10 is the feeding season. Eat coral leaves, but also Chinese tallow leaves, maple trees, Hollyleaf and so on. Larvae is 6 or 7 years old, the whole age of spring and summer silkworm is about 35 days, and autumn silkworm is about 40 days. The total cocoon weight is 6.5- 10g, the cocoon layer weight is 0.9- 1. 1g, and the cocoon layer rate is about 10%. Silkworm cocoons can spin spun silk with good tensile strength, and the spun silk is called "water?" Silk.
Thirteen, willow silkworm
One of the economic insects that spin cocoons belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Actias selene Hubner. Also known as the big green moth silkworm, the middle silkworm. Distributed in China, Japanese and Indian countries. They are all over China. Silkworm 1 has 2-3 generations (rarely 4 generations) and overwinters as pupae. Mainly eat willow, Pterocarya stenoptera, butter, camphor, paulownia and other leaves. Mature cocoon between leaves, large and dark brown, can be reeled more than 300m m m.
Dictionary definition—
Silkworm: An insect. When the larvae mature, they spin silk to make cocoons, where they become pupae, and pupae become silkworm moths. There are many kinds of silkworms, such as tussah and castor silkworm. Silk is the raw material for weaving silks and satins. China is the earliest sericulture country in the world.
Eat Mulberries: Silkworms eat mulberry leaves one by one. Metaphor is gradual occupation: nibbling policy; Eating away at neighboring countries.
More information-
Silkworm sound shape. Original meaning: an insect that can spin silk and cocoon.
Those who wear Luo Qi are not silkworm farmers. -Zhang Songyu's "Silkworm Girl"
Another example is the silkworm house. Silkworm house); Silkworm essence (silkworm god); Silkworms shed their skin (when they sleep)
Silkworm matter. Silkworm rearing
Luo Fu is good at raising silkworms. -"Yuefu Poetry Shang Mo Singing"
Another example is: silkworm farming (silkworm business); Silkworm mother (female official in charge of silkworm affairs in ancient times)
Silkworm: raising silkworms
Silkworm
① Insect name. Larvae can spin silk and form cocoons. There are silkworm, tussah and so on. Cocoon silk is an important fiber resource.
② Silkworm rearing.
③ sericulture; The work of raising silkworms.
④ Erosion.
(5) extended to the infringer.
The legend of the pioneers of Shu. See Silkworm Fu.
⑦ See "Silkworm".
Silkworm ti m: n: silkworm. Another name for earthworm.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Araneae: Araneae; ; araneae
An order of arachnida. There are 350,000 known spider species in the world, and about 1000 recorded in China.
Body length varies from 0.5 mm to 9 cm. The body is divided into chest and abdomen. There is a carapace behind the head and chest, and there are usually 8 single pieces at the front end of the carapace, arranged in 2 ~ 4 rows. There is a big chest plate on the ventral surface and a lower lip in the middle of the chest plate. Abdominal knotless abdominal stalk evolved from abdominal node 1 The abdomen is mostly round or oval, and some have various strange-shaped protrusions. The ventral rotator evolved from appendages, and there are 8 primitive species, which are located slightly in the front; Most species have six spinnerets, which are located in front of the anus at the back of the body. There are many spinning tubes on the spinning machine, which are connected with various silk glands and spin silk from the spinning tubes. Sensory organs include eyes, various sensory hairs, suture sensory organs and tarsal organs.
Spiders mainly prey on small insects. Stealing spiders near the water can prey on small fish and shrimp, bird-catching spiders can catch birds, and a 7.5-cm-long spider in South America can even prey on small rattlesnakes. Web spiders prey on their webs. The female spider spins silk to form an egg bag, which contains fertilized eggs, and the egg bag is attached to the net (spider), or produced under the stone or on the leaf surface. Some female spiders guard egg bags, and some carry them with them. The young spider that hatched the eggshell stayed in the egg bag for a few days and peeled 1 ~ 2 times in the bag. Young spiders molt 4 ~ 15 times before maturity. Spider silk plays an important role in spider's life. Weaving webs is the instinct of many kinds of spiders. There are many kinds of nets, and the methods of weaving them are different. Many kinds of spiders, especially young spiders, can fly with silk.
Araneae is divided into three suborders: ① Araneae has more than 20 species in 2 families. ② There are about 14 families and 1500 species of protospiders. ③ There are about 90 families and more than 30,000 species of new Araneae.
Spiders are natural enemies of many agricultural pests. Spiders can be used as medicine to treat diseases such as proctoptosis, sores and bromhidrosis. The protection and utilization of spiders has become an important part of biological control. The venom of a few spiders, such as the black widow (poisonous spider), is harmful to people and animals. Tarantula, a burrowing tarantula of the Tarantula family, is distributed in Europe and Asia and is common in Xinjiang, China. Its venom can kill people and animals. Some species of brown spider have hemolytic venom, which causes local necrosis and ulceration of wound tissue and spreads around.
There are many kinds of spiders. There are more than 40,000 kinds of spiders in nature. These spiders can be roughly divided into three types: safari spiders, cobwebs spiders and cave spiders. The first kind will forage everywhere, and the second kind will wait for rabbits after weaving a net. Most people keep the third kind as pets: cave spiders. They like to hide in sand or holes and make a net at the hole. The net itself is not sticky, and it is purely used to sense the size of prey and hunt.
Spider habit
(a) the corpse solution:
When spiders hunt, they paralyze each other with their fangs, secrete saliva to dissolve their prey, and then suck it slowly, without leaking at all.
(2) homemade fresh-keeping bag:
Spiders are afraid of light and often make webs where there is light and wind. Spider silk can be used not only to trap prey, but also as a fresh-keeping bag. The spider wrapped the leftover food in a net for the next time.
(3) Cleanliness:
Spiders clearly divide the places where they eat, sleep and pull things. Domestic spiders generally use cages as garbage stations, urinate in them and throw food scraps.
(4) Very subtle appetite:
Spiders have a strong sense of territory and should be kept separately. They only eat one or two meals a month and can fast for two months at most. The food is mainly insects, such as crickets and Cao Meng. As long as you put a wet sponge in the cage to replenish water, you can raise it to adulthood (about seven years) without changing the cage.
All spiders are poisonous! Only the toxicity is different. Usually, the toxicity of pet spiders in the market is relatively weak, and they will not take the initiative to attack people as long as they are not intentionally teased. Even if you are bitten, there is no danger to your life. Strong adaptability, no need for careful care. Spiders are the easiest pets to keep.
Spider silk is expected to be used to make high-strength materials, and experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences are actively studying the use of spider silk to make high-strength materials. There is a rotator behind the spider's abdomen, which is filled with rotator glands. Protein mucus secreted by this gland can condense into extremely strong Jilin silk in the air. According to the Moscow Communist Youth League newspaper, experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences found that the hardness of this material is nine times higher than that of steel with the same thickness, and the elasticity is twice as high as that of other most elastic synthetic materials. Experts believe that the above-mentioned silk raw materials in Jilin Province can be used to manufacture light body armor, protective materials for weapons and equipment, wheel tires, plastic surgery appliances, high-strength fishing nets and so on after further processing.
looper
Ectropis belongs to invertebrates, Insecta, Lepidoptera and Ectropidae.
The inchworm larva has a slender body, bends and stretches like an arch bridge when moving, and can be as straight as a branch when resting. Totally perverted. Adults have large wings, slender bodies, short hairs and filiform or feathery antennae, which are called "foot moths".
There are about 12000 species in the world and about 43 species in China. Larvae harms fruit trees, tea trees, mulberry trees, cotton and trees. For example, the larvae of the tea geometrid eat leaves and will be bald in severe cases. When resting, the tea branch is usually grasped with the abdomen and tail feet, so that the insect body stretches forward obliquely, which is quite like a dead branch, and when it is frightened, it rotates and droops; Another example is the larva of jujube geometrid, which not only harms jujube trees and leaves of jujube trees, but also eats buds and buds. Female adults have no wings, male adults are grayish brown, and the front wings have two brown ripples. Larvae of the most common geometrid in northern and southern China is often regarded as a typical representative of "mimicry".
Life history and habits:
Every year, 1 generation occurs, and the pupae overwinter in the soil of 8 ~ 10 cm under the tree. Eclosion from late March to early April of the following year. After the female moth was unearthed, she climbed up the tree to mate that night. Most of the eggs are laid in cracks in the bark, and the eggs are covered with the tail fluff of the female moth. In the middle and late April, jujube trees germinate and larvae hatch, and May is the peak of damage. From the end of May to the beginning of June, the larvae mature one after another and pupate in summer.
Common species: locust gall midge is the main pest of Sophora japonica.
Natural enemies: jujube inchworm, wasp and parasitic fly.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Dig pupae at the base of trunk before adult emergence.
2. Tie a plastic film belt with a width of 15cm on the trunk, and then concentrate on killing.
3. Spraying organophosphorus pesticides or pyrethroid pesticides when eggs basically hatch.
The ghost of a hanged person or hanged person
"Eating food" usually stays in the tree, and you can't spin silk before it is ripe. But when they can spin silk, they don't immediately get into the soil to pupate, but stay in the tree for a while. At this time, once they are frightened, they will take self-protection measures-spinning, hanging themselves in the air and throwing off branches.
Generally, when a strong wind blows through a tree suddenly, there will be many "foodies" hanging down.
In addition, to be clear, when they are buried and pupated, they don't hang down from the tree, but climb directly to the ground.
Below, inchworm data.
Rise of the Legend is a general term for invertebrates, Insecta, Lepidoptera and geometridae. Larvae has a slender body, bends and stretches like an arch bridge when moving, and can stretch obliquely like a branch when resting. Totally perverted. Adults have large wings, slender bodies, short hairs and filiform or feathery antennae, which are called "foot moths". There are about 12000 species in the world and about 43 species in China. Larvae harms fruit trees, tea trees, mulberry trees, cotton and trees. For example, the larvae of the tea geometrid eat leaves and will be bald in severe cases. When resting, the tea branch is usually grasped with the abdomen and tail feet, so that the insect body stretches forward obliquely, which is quite like a dead branch, and when it is frightened, it rotates and droops; Another example is the larva of jujube geometrid, which not only harms jujube trees and leaves of jujube trees, but also eats buds and buds. Female adults have no wings, male adults are grayish brown, and the front wings have two brown ripples. Larvae of the most common geometrid in northern and southern China is often regarded as a typical representative of "mimicry".
Life history and habits:
Every year, 1 generation occurs, and the pupae overwinter in the soil of 8 ~ 10 cm under the tree. Eclosion from late March to early April of the following year. After the female moth was unearthed, she climbed up the tree to mate that night. Most of the eggs are laid in cracks in the bark, and the eggs are covered with the tail fluff of the female moth. In the middle and late April, jujube trees germinate and larvae hatch, and May is the peak of damage. From the end of May to the beginning of June, the larvae mature one after another and pupate in summer.
Natural enemies: jujube inchworm, wasp and parasitic fly.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Dig pupae at the base of trunk before adult emergence.
2. Tie a plastic film belt with a width of 15cm on the trunk, and then concentrate on killing.
3. Spraying organophosphorus pesticides or pyrethroid pesticides when eggs basically hatch.