Grapes are usually propagated by cutting, and annual branches with vigorous growth and full bud eyes are cut off. Cuttings with single or double buds are about 5- 15cm long, and planted in the seedbed with the spacing of 15cm×50cm in February. However, rootstocks with strong adaptability and resistance should be selected in hot areas, and grafted seedlings suitable for local climate conditions should be cultivated through grafting propagation. In the selection of rootstocks, American Riverside grapes are heat-resistant and moisture-resistant; Vitis amurensis from East Asia is highly resistant to fungal diseases. Hot areas can be planted in winter or in Kechun. The row spacing of grid frame is 3m× 1.5 ~ 2m, 1500 ~ 2000 plants/hm ㎡; Or 4 m× 0.5 ~ 1 m, 2250 ~ 4500 plants /hm ㎡.

Maintenance method

Fertilizer and water management

Grapes need a lot of nutrients, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increase accordingly after entering the fruiting stage. In addition to organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium need 80 ~ 150 kg per hectare, which is adjusted according to variety, yield, tree potential and soil fertility. Apply base fertilizer after winter, and apply 30,000 kg of chicken and duck manure, 3,750 kg of cake fertilizer and 3,750 kg of calcium superphosphate per hectare. Topdressing before shading buds, flowering and fruit expansion, and spraying Zhuangguodiling and Gymboree microbial sweeteners in time. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and ears, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied in the fruit expansion stage to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. [7] Because a large number of beneficial microorganisms and metabolites of functional microorganisms in microbial bacterial fertilizer rapidly proliferate and spread in the soil in geometric progression. Topdressing outside roots and spraying 0. 3% urea and 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote fruit expansion and ripening. In order to produce high-quality grapes, irrigation facilities are needed in the garden to prevent the soil in the garden from alternating wet and dry, and the grape map (19) will change dramatically. Generally, there is a lot of water demand in germination stage and young fruit growth stage, so irrigation should be done in time in case of drought.

Plastic trimming

In hot areas, small sheds or T-hedges are generally used for single stems and fewer main vines. The frame is higher than the ground, which is convenient for ventilation and light transmission and reduces the damage of diseases and ground radiation to leaves and fruits. Pruning is one of the important measures to ensure the output of the year. Winter occurs after defoliation, with long branches of 8 ~ 12 knots, middle branches of 5 ~ 7 knots and short branches of 3 ~ 1 knot. Summer pruning is to remove the redundant buds in the germination stage, and coat a layer of calluses at the pruning mouth. Before flowering, too many inflorescences should be sparse, the big ones should be kept small, and the strong ones should be kept weak. When the branches and vines grow to a certain extent, they should be tied to the surface of the frame, and the tendrils should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. Results 5 ~ 7 leaves were left before the inflorescence to improve the nutritional status. Grape has a high fruit setting rate, so it can be thinned appropriately to make the fruit size uniform, otherwise abnormal fruit and small fruit will appear.

Grape binding belt

Made of galvanized iron wire and plastic, the branches are tied on the steel wire, which saves time and trouble, is durable, not easy to age and repeatedly tied.

Grape branches are tied into strips, and the third generation grapes are tied into silk during the growth period.