Li Zhi
A guest opened his eyes, but no one asked Fallen.
Warm winds smoke fine grass, while Leng Yue shines fine sand.
Guests and friends who have been suspicious for a long time do not remember home when they come.
The piano book is unfinished, sitting alone to send the sunset glow.
Among Tibetans, I especially like sitting alone, and the lyrics and songs are great. After reading "Burning Books" in the evening, I went to the volume of "Supplement", and picked out this poem from hundreds of poems. What a surprise. A brief analysis of the meaning of the poem, I wonder if Mr. He has the original intention.
Li Zhi (1527 ~ 1602) was an official, thinker and writer in Ming Dynasty, and he was a master of Taizhou School. At first, his surname was Lin and his first name was Zhi. Later, he changed his surname to Li, whose name was Hongfu, whose name was Zhuowu, and his nickname was Wenling Jushi and Baiquan Jushi. Jiajing thirty-one years, not to try. Calendar * * * city magistrate of a county, Dr. imperial academy, Wanli for Yao An magistrate. Abandon officials and stay in Huang An and Macheng. When giving lectures in Macheng, thousands of believers, with mixed qualities, traveled to and from Beijing and other places in the north and south in their later years and were falsely accused, imprisoned and hanged. Li Zhi is the author of Burning Books, Continued Burning Books and Collection of Books.
"A guest opens his eyes, but no one asks the fallen flower" describes his daily life in Buju Mountain Forest. When there are guests, they are in high spirits and have no joy; When no one visits, no one can relieve loneliness, and no one can exchange ideas and experiences with them, so they can only talk to fallen flowers, and loneliness arises spontaneously. Based on the style of this poem, from the poetic point of view, "having a guest" is a foil to "no one", and the brief joy of writing "opening your eyes" is precisely to better express the loneliness of "begging for flowers".
In fact, in the process of living alone in Li Zhi, "guests" are really rare, and more often they are lonely. Of course, the "guest" here does not refer to any visitor, but refers to people who share the same interests and thoughts with Li Zhi. Only such people, in Li Zhi's view, can be called "guests", otherwise they will not be seen behind closed doors. In The Theory of Nobleness, Li Zhi has a clear explanation for this point: "It is said that since I went to Huang An, I have locked my door all day, which makes Fontaine Mountain have a kind of ridicule for finding friends from all directions; People who live in Longhu don't lock the door, but they can't see it at the door, or they don't receive gifts. Even those who have one or two gifts will soon resent it. It's secularism, and so am I. I don't know that I am closed all day and have the heart to overcome myself all day; Sitting alone all year round, I hate not seeing my bosom friend all year round. " In fact, we don't start here, but we can also see a little from the poem "A guest opens his eyes". The word "kai" expresses a sudden sense of surprise, and it also shows that more often, like Ruan Ji, he "looks at people with white eyes to be polite."
In the sentence "No one asks the fallen flower", "fallen flower" is a common image in classical poetry, symbolizing the disappearance of beautiful things and the irreversible flow of time. Shen Zhou wrote ten poems because of his son's death. Lin Daiyu has the mourning of burying flowers; Wang Wei counted the fallen flowers, felt something, and sat alone for a long time, all of which meant this. In fact, there is no need to sit still. The author only borrows such a common image to excuse his loneliness when he is alone, or he feels sorry for his old age. In this way, the first couplet creates a sad and lonely atmosphere for the whole poem.
"Warm wind draws fine grass, cool moon shines fine sand", before spring and after autumn; The former is daytime, and the latter is night. Through the transformation of four seasons and the alternation of day and night, it shows the state of sitting alone all year round. These two sentences do not use common artistic techniques, but express the natural scenery to the extreme through subjective feelings and express their inner feelings positively or negatively. Instead, it depicts the elegant and calm atmosphere in the mountains with very gentle brushstrokes. If we try to write "Leng Yue shines on sunny sand" as "Leng Yue shines on cold sand", it will be a completely different artistic conception. You see, the spring breeze, which is slightly drunk like wine, blows the thin grass leaves, and the bright moonlight reflects the vast beach. This kind of life can easily remind us of Wang Wei's "relying on bamboo alone, playing and singing". Late at night, people don't know, except my comrade, Mingyue Fenghua. Li Zhi, on the other hand, is a pioneer of the times who yearns for a fierce and happy life and wants to hold high the banner and lead the change of social atmosphere. This kind of wild Shan Ye forest pleasure is hard to calm his mood, but it makes him feel more and more lonely.
Being away from home for a long time makes him have an unreal illusion, like wandering in a dream, waking up and going home and living in peace. Generally speaking, "home" in poetry and prose refers to hometown, that is, the former residence where parents grew up. However, Li Zhi went out for official travel when he was less than 20 years old, and then he was displaced all his life. There is no so-called "home", so the "home" here should be his hometown. Although Li Zhi "dislikes personal management all his life", and the experience of studying at home for teenagers may not be satisfactory, it is normal for people to feel tired when they are wandering and suffering.
"When friends come, they don't remember home." Only when friends come, can they speak freely and express their feelings, can they temporarily let go of their homesickness. But as the first sentence analyzes, friends are scattered all over the world, and it is really difficult to visit once. So more often, Li Zhi is still alone in the suffering of homesickness. The contrast of this sentence is actually similar to that of the first couplet. But the comparative sentence, one after the other, is the article conversion method. The "friends" pointed out here are the "guests" of the First Alliance. Changing words also means making words jump.
"The piano book is unfinished, and I am sitting alone to send the sunset red." The day has passed in such a lazy daydream, and I'm going to pack my piano and books and go back. Inadvertently turning around, I saw the gorgeous sunset glow on the horizon, and I was intoxicated. However, although the sunset glow is beautiful, no one shares it. Is there loneliness only when one person watches it? The answer should be yes. These two sentences are beautifully written. Piano is used to entertain feelings, and books are used to inspire. It is a common fashion for the ancients to play the piano with the flute, especially after the Ming Dynasty. In early landscape paintings, you can often see a nobleman climbing stairs, followed by a boy with a sword, and gradually evolved into a boy carrying a piano. This shows that the social habits of literati have changed from "fifteen good swordsmanship, thirty percent articles" pursued by Li Bai to "piano, chess, calligraphy and painting" which we are familiar with now. At the end of the day, the ending of this poem is convenient and just right, and the background of Ran Ran in the sunset leaves room for aftertaste. I don't know how the author wanted to come.
Qing Yan's Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin: Ruan Ji is informal, which can be a good example. When he meets ordinary people, he just takes a look for nothing. It is a great honor for Ji Kang to visit with a harp in his hand. Later, it was said that people valued green eyes, but despised white eyes, which extended to like and love.
Judging from the feelings expressed in these five laws, I believe it was written by Li Zhi during his stay in Beijing.
The first couplet, "A guest opens his eyes, and no one asks the fallen flower", uses Ruan Ji's allusion to blue eyes to say that some guests can look at others, but no one cares, and no one asks the fallen flower. There is a sigh that "the water is out, the spring is gone", which is ignored by the secular and aged by the secular.
The couplets "warm wind swallows fine grass, and the cool moon shines on the clear sand" inherit the couplets "falling flowers", which may describe the scenery in late spring, with warm wind blowing grass, but it still has the coolness of "cold spring" at night, so it is called "cool moon", and the cool moon shines on the sand under clear sky. This couplet seems to be purely a description of the scenery, but a "warm" and a "cool" implies the meaning of "human feelings are cold and warm, and the world is cold".
Necklace couplet "Dream for a long time, friends don't remember home when they come", but they think they are dreaming after staying for a long time (here "turn" means "reverse" solution). A friend's visit will dilute homesickness. This couplet also sighs that life is like a dream.
At the end of the couplet, "Qin Shu is not complete, so he can sit alone to send the sunset red", and "sitting alone" cares about the topic, sitting alone bored and sending away the sunset red, which means killing the rest of his life, even ignoring the piano, chess, calligraphy and painting.
The whole poem shows Li Zhi's loneliness of "being a stranger alone in a foreign land" in his later years. Looking back on his bumpy life, he suddenly lamented that "human feelings are warm and cold, and the world is cold", which is the true feelings of his later years.
Ming and Qing dynasties
There were seven poets in the early Ming Dynasty, but there were few new ideas in archaizing and blindly following the wind. Yuan Hongdao as the backbone of the school of spirituality was born, and a stagnant poetic style injected fresh blood, released personality in the charm of mountains and rivers, and showed the spirit of freedom. Poetry in the Qing dynasty is even more beyond, taking the ancient as the change and bringing forth the new. There was a breakthrough in poetic style, and spirituality was sent to Yuan Mei, which became a great climate. In a word, although the poems of Ming and Qing Dynasties inevitably contain the lament of the end of feudalism, they also have the awakening of human nature, especially the poems of Qing Dynasty, which occupy a very important position in the history of China's poetry.
A guest opened his eyes, but no one asked Fallen. Warm winds smoke fine grass, while Leng Yue shines fine sand.
A guest had a suspicious dream at night, and a friend came but didn't remember home. The piano book is unfinished, sitting alone to send the sunset glow.
-Li Zhi is sitting alone.
Li Zhi is a thinker in essence, leaving few poems. His "theory of childlike innocence" is widely known and has a far-reaching influence on Yuan Hongdao, who "shows his own spirit and does not stick to the rules". Sitting alone is a realistic picture of the poet's solitary life, with no one to accompany him, only words falling out, warm wind and fine grass, cool wind and sand, messy piano and books, watching the sunset glow, just like a portrayal of a maverick, arrogant and unruly scholar.
I read Li Zhi's Sitting Alone again-I said "reading", but I was actually listening and watching: last night, I watched Mao's Tibet again. Although, my favorite is the dark blue land trip-I liked it very much before I died. But the charm of Tibet lies in: "For a hundred years, father and son have passed on loneliness; For a hundred years, children and grandchildren have been poor. " Lonely and poor. Who can stand such persistence?
When I first saw this poem, it was in Tibetan. The sitting posture is amazing.
Rong Fan, who is not bound by red tape, is an isolated white man with a long handle, sitting leisurely alone. Out of his preference and respect for Li Zhi, he blurted out a lonely and elegant sentence: "A guest opens his eyes and no one looks at the fallen flowers." This is a feeling that Li Zhi can't tolerate for the secular world. At this time, Rong Fan lamented the difficulty of collecting books in troubled times and handled the situation at this time. A bunch of people went to the wedding reception, and all the seats were full, but no one appreciated it. His heart is full of melancholy-the book is hidden and it is difficult to find a book to burn.
"Warm wind smokes fine grass, and Leng Yue shines fine sand." The warm wind in late spring is blowing slowly, and the green eyes are slightly drunk. At night, the cool moonlight shines on the white beach, which is quiet and quiet. Beautiful and delicate songs floated in, so timely and kind. What an elegant and refined woman, what an enlightened bride.
A red dress slowly came to the front, like a woman selling flowers, poetic. In this respect, Rong Fan is surprising and amazing. A woman who studied hard for ten years to get married, a woman who married herself as a model to get into a bookstore. At this time, the groom is thousands of miles away, and as a bride, she can only complete the gift alone. She doesn't care about these. What she cares about is the books all over the building, which is the insistence of fans.
"If you stay here for a long time, you will always think that this is a dream, or you will stay up all night, and that dream will always haunt you. Rong Fan was pleasantly surprised and continued to sing. I think this sentence was sung by Rong Fan, and it also has a certain meaning in it. Perhaps he is reminding the happy new bride that marrying a model family means misery and poverty, just like living in a foreign country. After all, the groom has been away for many years and I don't know when he will come back. Fanmen is a Tibetan scripture book, and its wealth is exhausted. Marriage is also for dowry. Rong Fan is honest and kind. In fact, this sentence is also tentative. He wants to see what the spiritual state of this famous talented woman's sister-in-law is.
"Friends don't remember home. The piano book is still not complete, "and I am full of poetry books. "Sure enough, flowers, such as stationery, have a talented woman's character and taste. Like-minded friends get together happily, then they will forget their homesickness. But at this moment, Fan's door is a slightly lonely festive atmosphere. The jade man sitting alone in front of him forgot to pick up the messy piano books and fallen flowers all over the floor. She has the same pity in her heart.
"Sitting alone to send the sunset glow." If life is like the first time-the first time is so beautiful and poetic. Late spring. Falling flowers, sunset glow.
There is nothing better than such a meeting. A few years later, they still remember this wonderful moment and things have changed.
There are many good jokes in the library. In addition to the most famous "Three Kneeling for Books", there is also a song "Twenty-eight Years You Marry Fan Men" on the deathbed of Mrs. Shi, and a duet with Hua Rujian after a powder smoke in Fan Rongshe Bookstore. It can be said that there are quite a few people with good lyrics and songs. Among all the fragrant clusters, the song "Sitting Alone" in the first scene is indeed a very beautiful song, but it is not a striking "a little red among all the greeneries".
As for the poem "Sitting Alone", the author has tried to interpret it. Although I have preconceived ideas about Zang, it is really wonderful for this poem. Even Li Zhi's Burning Books has been rummaged through, and no handwriting or ink has been found. But no matter from which angle, "Sitting Alone" in the first scene of "Tibet" is out of line with the situation. Li Zhi's poems are about his loneliness when he lived in Buju, and his loneliness when he was far away from home and had few relatives and friends. Because the world has experienced a cold snap, Miao Yan's macro theory is enough to warn the world and is not accepted by the world, and there is a sigh that his political ambition cannot be realized.
These characteristics are not reflected in the first scene. At that time, Rong Fan had not experienced the death of his brother, the hardship of the times and the decline of his family, kneeling for books, the death of his wife, and sacrificing himself to save the library. Rong Fan gradually matured under these stimuli until his ideological realm finally diverged from Li Zhi. In the first act, Rong Fan is just a simple teenager who doesn't know the world. All trivial matters are handled by his aunt. He plays the flute and rhymes himself. He is immersed in the prescription book and doesn't care about the world. It is what he said, "how narrow the world is, how wide the prescription book is, life and death are unbounded, and the soul is dreaming." He is divorced from reality. And his lifestyle and refined temperament, especially like a pure scholar, rather than deviant Li Zhi, who sent his wife away from home and became a monk.
If Sitting Alone is inserted here, it can only show that it is a wonderful flower in Li Zhi's poetry, which can strengthen the theme and intensify Rong Fan's familiarity with Li Zhi, thus reflecting the great influence of Li Zhi's thought on him (in fact, Rong Fan's behavior did not show any typical characteristics of Li Zhi), so it was sung.
It is such an thoughtless and careless song, but it is an unforgettable aria in all the plays of Tibet and even Mao Mao. It, together with the joke of "calling brothers and relatives in one step" in Cold Love and "Yongmei" in the first act of Lu Tang, is fixed in memory and becomes a shining treasure that is hard to wear.
Two years ago, Cone missed the possibility of going to the theater. What appeared on TV was ningbo grand theater's version of "The Theater in the Air".
With a star-studded melody, Mrs. Shi Shu heard the wedding guests clamoring for the door and hurried to the front hall with the girl. In the back garden of the stage, there is a Rong Fan and an extremely empty small room. Such a rapid change in a blink of an eye made the audience and waiters extremely stunned for half a second and caught off guard. However, the boy in white on the stage actually glanced at his aunt's distant back, backhand a long flute and smiled with relief.
What is he laughing at? Why are you so flustered when you laugh at your aunt? Newcomers stay if they have a relationship with the bookstore, and leave if they have no relationship. There is a fate between them, so why use strong manpower to distort their fate; However, there is a kind of indifferent realm in the laughter piano and flute, and the world of calligraphy is boundless, so many people don't know the beauty here, and they are tied down by trivial things, thus failing to live up to this beautiful scenery and spring scenery in vain. The heart is noble, so sing a poem to make it clear.
After such a series of preparations, I published the song "Sitting Alone" in my life. Watching him fondle Yu Di, he turned and walked to the stone pier and sang, "A guest opened his eyes, but no one asked the fallen flower." In the lingering sound, he conveniently sat down, pressed the flute, and gradually got better and better, forgetting his foreign affairs.
A few minutes ago, when the dark blue veil was slowly raised for the first time, Rong Fan appeared sitting on the flute. However, when I turned my back to the audience, I could only see the back of a white suit, and this was the first time I saw its front playing sound, so devoted that the flute body fluctuated with the melody. Playing the flute, playing the piano, splashing ink, and drawing with a brush ... These ancient literati, especially those after the Ming Dynasty, can better reflect the elegance of personal cultivation than those who are delicate and smooth. They are so vivid and vivid between the gestures of the first female student of Yue Opera, which makes people trace back to poetic and idealized classical China. I wonder if it's true. I can't help thinking of Tang Yin many years ago, who was in high spirits in Beijing and wrote an inscription for the inn. In the face of everyone's admiration, he was good at dancing with long sleeves and bowed with a smile.
However, why did Rong Fan go through a relatively complete behavior process before Hua Rujian appeared-laughing at her aunt's secular dust, reciting Li Zhi's poem "Sitting Alone" and playing the flute to amuse herself? Or: In order to concentrate Rong Fan's elegant taste and make the audience have a good impression on Master Tianyi Pavilion, admiration arises spontaneously, so as to occupy the most important position in the audience's mind first, make the audience happy and sad because of it, and care about his every move before they can enter the show. Right: About another thing-highlighting Rong Fan's isolation.
Rong Fan was isolated in the middle of the water at that time. In troubled times, people can't make ends meet and bookstores can't protect themselves. It rarely lasts. How can someone recite poems and draw pictures? Even the aunt who has a "book edge" with the bookstore-this beloved person who is regarded by Rong Fan as "you don't understand me, you don't help me, you help me", can't help being harsh on her for the sake of practical interests. Rong Fan naturally felt that no one could be a bosom friend; At the same time, the court cracked down on whimsy. Even the powerful Sun Zhifu, who knows how to protect books, couldn't help asking, "Aren't you afraid of mass annihilation?" Who can really understand Li Zhi, find the pearl in his mind, and dare to express it in words?
"How narrow the world is, how wide the book is", is the world really narrow? As far as the eyes are concerned, they are all troubled times and the ancient style is not good; Contact, as a narrow-minded person, is not a language. Disappointed with the reality, Rong Fan turned to indulge in books and answered questions with the sages. Do you say he doesn't want a bosom friend? There should be, why not "all the way to Qian Fan, Twilight is full of water?" . For example, ancient scholars, as long as they read the books of sages, take the will of sages as their own will, and all their ambitions are "to reign in Yao and Shun, and then to make the customs pure". But politically frustrated, he turned to the mountains and rivers for comfort, and then let out a sigh of "freedom in thousands of waves." Did you say that he didn't have any ambitions for his career at first? Yes, this is only a last resort. It's a last resort.
Look at him, dressed in white, spotless, more and more lonely against the dignified background of gray tone. White is the crystal snow of the nobles in the mountains, a white lotus and a solitary crane with lofty pride. Often, it is also "a machine where talents are not as good as amateurs, and when it is good, it is not what men want." Why did Lu You dress like snow when he took the curtain call? Why did Kong Yiji wear a white shirt when he first appeared? Why does a teenager who plays the flute on a smoking fishing boat often appear in his secluded poems? Why are there similar images in Xiao Yan's poems to express his sadness and melancholy? Good is good.
The most touching and inexplicable thing is that when he was deeply touched by his untimely life, when he sighed for his infatuation and persistence, the clear voice somehow connected the first couplet of that poem-"Warm wind smoked fine grass, cool moon shone cold sand." People come first, voices come first. I have a bright moon in my heart. If it is really in the theater, all the infatuated people in Qian Qian will be looking forward to finding fame. I followed the camera, watching Xiao Ji rush to the back door, taking a sudden step-my heart stopped for half a beat, and then I saw a flower covered with rockhopper, like a letter, suddenly appearing like a flame to light up the whole dark stage set.
She walked forward happily, and he stood up in surprise. His eyes met, and the song continued, as if it were countless times in advance-this was the fate of two book lovers. We are in such an elaborate fate, such as soaking in the spring breeze and drinking alcohol mash, and we feel drunk. You don't need to think that this perfect harmony is the running-in of the audience's arrangement, and you don't need to think that this once-in-a-lifetime event is the plot that the director is destined to have. The stage is such a place where you can temporarily put aside the worldly joys and sorrows of reality, turn around in the morning and evening, and smile, rejoice, shed tears and grieve in these carefully constructed stories. These beautiful moments, only once or twice a year, are indelible embellishments in plain life.
This kind of meeting is not because traditional talented people and beautiful women are simply attracted by appearance and fall in love at first sight. Not because Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai had a heart when they first met in the grass pavilion, but I didn't.
She studied in the south window for ten years. She has not experienced the hardships of human feelings, and her heart is full of the virtues and prosperity of sages. Compared with other girls in vain, her youth and calligraphy are integrated. It is not necessarily to say that she has never felt "should be green, fat, red and thin". But her admiration for Li Zhi and her commitment to the bookstore made her stand out. At the same time, however, she is a woman addicted to fantasy. Her lifelong wish is to go to Tianyi Pavilion in this life and marry a bookstore. She admired Li Zhi, but Li Zhi became a taboo in the imperial court. The world was silent and no one could talk to her. (In fact, Li Zhi died by cutting his throat, and many people mourned for it after his death. Yuan Zhongdao's Biography of Li Wenling is also quite famous. ) Did she expect a bosom friend in her heart?
Looking for it, she was finally disappointed with the reality, turned to books to visit Penglai, drank with sages and philosophers, but was alone. Meeting a sword for the first time is a deliberate flower and grass, but it is unintentional; What's more, I searched for him in the crowd. I suddenly turned around, and the man was there, dimly lit.
-Remember that sentence of Xin Jiaxuan? The appearance of "that man" is a sudden surprise after thousands of turns, a search and disheartening, and a feeling of gratitude after disappointment and even despair. The BMW in Shangque, the jade pot in Xiao Feng, the songs and dances, moths, snow willows and laughter in Xiaque are just setting the scene for this person, and the grand occasion of Lantern Festival is just to attract her out. Without this person, what's the point of such a prosperous Lantern Festival?
-that moment is eternal, that is, things have changed, how can we not be moved by it?
In the "Huansha Ji" by Liang Chenyu in the Ming Dynasty, Xi Shi sang: "Laugh at my poor life, I haven't judged when he deserves it; Laugh at your king Sun Caofang to judge when you deserve us. " The world of mortals is rolling, and the chance of meeting is as small as one in ten million. How many talented people and beautiful women are made in heaven, but even beautiful people have never seen them; How many like-minded people have drifted all their lives without holding hands.
Li Qingzhao and Li Houzhu are both outstanding wizards, and they are the top poets in the world. However, the times are different, which leads the lyricist to lament that "I hate that Li and Li don't meet"; The meeting between Du Fu and Li Bai, in which Du Fu wrote, "Begging for sorrow and making a promise, meeting my heart", was the first time that people fell in love at first sight and shared similar interests, and later generations often called it the first event in history; Zhang Sheng accidentally met Yingying in Pujiu Temple, and two hearts secretly promised each other, which turned out to be a marriage story. However, the meeting between Rong Fan and Rujian made the audience even more surprised and moved. Gai Ruyin's insight and love for books is not unique; Not only am I in my twenties or eighties, but my face is just right.
She is a bosom friend. You can hold a candle and laugh tirelessly, you can take the Qi Mei case as a guest, you can add fragrance to tea in class, and you can go to the pavilion to put books and keep the library. In the feelings of classical China, beauty is perishable and bosom friends are hard to find. It is especially difficult to be a confidante. You can't find him in the crowd. For thousands of years, there was only one Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng, and you just crossed the border and Dong Xiaowan.
Rong Fan's encounter with Rujian is even less like love at first sight. This traditional model often makes people anxious. Since they are two people with unique personalities, their first meeting must be different and there must be no rules to follow. Thinking about coming and going, it seems that Sister Lin has just entered Jia Fu. As soon as Baoyu saw it, he blurted out, "I have seen this sister." However, at that time, Baoyu confessed directly, and my sister was afraid to say more. They have never had direct emotional communication, and they still don't know the truth of each other. However, Rong Fan and Rujian established the friendship of bosom friends from the very beginning, and confirmed each other through mutual singing.
"Preface to Shi Mao" said: "Heart is ambition, words are poetry, emotion is in the heart, and form is in the words. Not enough, so I lament. Lamenting is not enough, so sing. You don't know how to dance with your hands if you don't sing. " Singing and dancing is a stronger expression than saying it out loud or even reciting poems. For example, Jane's "Sitting Alone" is not only inferior to Lao Du's poem, but also inferior to Baoyu's "I have seen this sister".
Li Zhi is my favorite scholar, since middle school.
Especially the poem above, it suits my interest very much.
Li Zhi was born in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (65438-0527). China's society is relatively prosperous, and capitalism is budding. Therefore, as a descendant of a Fujian businessman with Persian ancestry, he has never stopped reflecting on China's traditional culture and thoughts all his life. This is also a concentrated expression of the social ideological change and orthodox cultural confrontation in the late Ming Dynasty.
Li Zhi's thoughts are mainly embodied in the following points:
First, we advocate "childlike innocence", oppose archaization, advocate truth and nature, and all theories that think they are "deviant". Still quite self-aware. This is more than a hundred years earlier than Nalan Xingde, a Manchu poet who was later sought after by literati in the Central Plains and took nature and beauty as the banner. I have to say that every huge cultural system has developed to a new stage, and if it refuses to go to the old and welcome the new, it will be subverted sooner or later.
Second, it is unfair to women's social status. I'm afraid it was another big exaggeration at that time. However, more than 200 years later, A Dream of Red Mansions, a world-famous masterpiece that subverts women's traditional image and social status, was written by Cao Xueqin, a Han Chinese who respects women more. It is also the national praise of Manchu people. When it comes to Cao Xueqin's respect for women, we don't need to look for it too much. It is said that Qin Xue's figures and words (Qin Pu) came from the works of female poets at that time.
Third, it is necessary to clarify the name of the business. He believes that any human behavior has its advantages and merits, and the interests of businessmen are aboveboard. From the utilitarian point of view, Li Zhi advocated enriching Qiang Bing. He pointed out: "People who don't talk about financial management can never rule the world."
Fourth, Li Zhi opposed the unreasonable phenomenon that Confucianism divided civil and military affairs, and Confucianism did not understand military affairs. He emphasized the importance of military affairs and believed that "knowing the soldiers, the people's lives, and the master of national security". Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan, a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty, can't be erased after he caught my attention, because of his superhuman talent in literature and military affairs, not because of narrow national prejudice.
Li Zhi's advanced thought is about 100 years earlier than the wheel of history. It is precisely because in the early days, it was precisely because the iron hoofs and razors of the Qing Dynasty were not trampled and waved in the eyes of Han Confucian scholars that maverick was stifled by powerful orthodoxy. 1602, Li Zhi, a thought criminal, committed suicide with a razor in prison at the age of 76.
This kind of suicide is another kind of foresight and advance.
Therefore, his ideological realm is worth exploring and understanding by future generations.
Bibliographers are predestined friends, year after year —— Moved by Yue Opera "Book House"
Yesterday was the last show of Hua Xiaobai's tour in Shanghai. This is a library. After much discussion, the play has been revised for three drafts. Personally, I think the first edition in Tibetan is better. But this does not prevent us from enjoying such Yue Opera. This is a Yue opera that is different from the past. There is no lingering affection of children, some are lonely, and some are obsessed with cultural inheritance. It can be said that this is a cultural drama.
The situation in the late Ming Dynasty was turbulent, and the Tianyi Pavilion in the century-old library was tottering, which had reached a critical moment of life and death. In order to understand the urgent needs of the library, Fan's aunt waited on Mrs. Shu and asked the owner of Tianyi Pavilion to greet her brother and welcome the rich girl into the door. But insisted on sitting alone with Xiao and refused to say hello to her. He said, if she is really a woman who has a book relationship with Tianyi Pavilion, please let her in! "A guest opened his eyes, but no one asked about the fallen flower." Rong Fan only used a song by Li Zhi to welcome the new couple.