/kloc-work from 0/2 to February
1. Learning techniques: consult experts, technicians and planting experts around you, and master techniques such as grape shaping and pruning, water and fertilizer management, flower and fruit thinning, pest control, harvesting and grading.
2. Farmhouse manure accumulation: purchase and collect human manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other human and animal manure, collect deciduous branches and crush them, choose a place near the orchard, and actively carry out farmhouse manure accumulation together with human and animal manure according to technical requirements. Due to the cold winter, the volume of manure pile should be as large as possible, and the heat is not easy to dissipate, which is conducive to fermentation.
Work in March
1. Spring ploughing preparation: preparation of production materials such as organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and pesticide; Repair farm tools and machinery; Straighten the pole and tighten the wire with a tightener to prepare for the management of grapes after they are unearthed every year.
2. The grapes are unearthed and put on the shelf: unearthed in time, and the branches and vines are evenly tied on the shelf surface; Clean the vines, level the land, and clean the ditches.
3. Fertilization and watering: After the vines are put on the shelves, irrigation and topdressing are combined to provide sufficient nutrients for grape germination, shoot development and ear development. Top dressing is mainly urea, with 20-30 kg of urea per mu and 3-5 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing should be carried out at a place 30-50 cm away from the root of the grape, digging a ditch with a depth of 10 cm and a length of 30-50 cm or applying it in 2-3 points, covering it with soil after fertilization and watering it in time.
4. Spraying stone sulfur mixture: spray 5 waves of meishi sulfur mixture before germination until the branches of fruit trees drip, so as to prevent and control powdery mildew, felting disease, green blind stinkbug, leafhopper, red spider, scale insects and other diseases and insect pests.
Configuration method: "Baume degree" stone sulfur mixture with water weight = (Baume degree of mother liquor ÷ Baume degree after dilution-1)× mother liquor weight. For example, if the mother liquor with 29 Baume is diluted to 5 Baume to prepare 15 kg (capacity 1 knapsack sprayer) of sulfur mixture liquid medicine, the weight of added water = (29 ÷ 5-1) ×15 = 72 kg.
5. Farmhouse manure accumulation: purchase and collect human manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other human and animal manure, collect deciduous branches and crush them, choose a place near the orchard, cooperate with human and animal manure, and actively accumulate farmhouse manure according to technical requirements.
Work in April
1. Bud fixing: When the new shoots grow to about 10 cm, the weak buds, shriveled buds and abnormal buds in the double buds are erased, the strong buds are retained, and the weak ears in the double ears are thinned, so that the retained fruit ears have sufficient nutrients. When the new shoots grow to 30~40 cm, they should be bound, and the branches with newly sprouted grape ears should be left every 20~30 cm, so as to remove over-dense branches, weak new branches and long new branches and reduce nutrient consumption.
2. Planting green manure: after the soil is thawed, plant rape or leguminous green manure between rows in time, and turn it into the soil when rape or leguminous flowers are harvested (when they are fully blooming and ready for sowing) to increase the organic matter content.
3. Farmhouse manure accumulation: purchase and collect human manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other human and animal manure, collect deciduous branches and crush them, choose a place near the orchard, and actively carry out farmhouse manure accumulation together with human and animal manure according to technical requirements.
Go to work in May
1, coring: 5-6 days before flowering, coring is carried out on the fruit branches with 4-6 leaves in the upper part of the inflorescence. Remove the secondary branches of the leaves under the ear from the armpit, and leave 1~3 leaves for the secondary branches on the ear to pick the core, so that nutrients can be supplied to the ear intensively and the fruit setting rate can be improved. Leave 8~ 10 leaves for the non-spike branches to core. The branches extending from the top of the main vine are cored at 12~ 15 leaves to keep the branches growing enough.
2. Sparse panicles: weak branches leave no panicles, moderate branches leave 1 panicle, and some strong branches leave 2 panicles when flowers are insufficient; Pinch off a quarter to a fifth of the end of the inflorescence and cut off 1~2 spikelets at the upper part of the inflorescence. It is helpful to improve the quality of grape ears.
3. Pest control: Before and after flowering is the key period to control powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold and ear blight. It is necessary to monitor and predict the diseases and insect pests in vineyards, and control them according to their hazards. For the whole tree and garden, the degree is that the branches do not leak, the leaves are covered with medicine, and there is no flow or drop.
(1) control of powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold and ear blight: 500 times (10g) of broad-spectrum bactericide and 800 times (10g) of 70% thiophanate-methyl bactericide were used.
(2) Control of leafhoppers and scale insects: in the first half of May, 65,438+00% beta-cypermethrin was used for 3,000 times (65,438+00 grams of medicine was added with 30 kilograms of water to make 3,000 times of medicine), and 25% thiamethoxam was used for 65,438+0,500 times (65,438+)
4. Fertilization and watering: after flowering, topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 30kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, 3-5kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, topdressing at a place 30-50cm away from the roots of grapes, digging a ditch with a depth of10cm and a length of 30-50cm or applying it at 2-3 points, covering the soil after fertilization, and watering in time to promote grape expansion.
5. Fermented farmyard manure: Wild Sophora alopecuroides, weeds and vine crops along canals, roadsides and fields are widely harvested, branches are collected and crushed, and places close to orchards and convenient for transportation are selected for composting with human and animal manure.
Go to work in June
1, new branch coring: 1~3 leaves are reserved for new branches (tertiary branches) issued by secondary branches to promote the nutrient supply of fruits.
2. Fruit thinning: thin the ear with few fruit grains, and thin the fruit of big grape varieties (such as red grapes), and keep 60~80 fruit grains per ear to ensure the fruit grains expand.
3. Bagging: Bagging the ear after thinning the fruit to make the surface of the grape smooth and avoid the harm of sparrows and wasps.
4. Water: water every 10~20 days 1 time.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Do a good job in monitoring pests and diseases. When grape downy mildew, powdery mildew, leafhopper and felting disease occur, prevent and control them in time to reduce the harm of pests and diseases. For the whole tree and garden, the degree is that the branches do not leak, the leaves are covered with medicine, and there is no flow or drop.
(1) control of powdery mildew and downy mildew: spray 58% Jin Lei 800-fold solution (10g medicine and 8kg water to prepare 800-fold solution) and 50% dimethomorph 1500-fold solution (10g medicine and15kg water).
(2) Control of leafhoppers: 10% pymetrozine 2000 times solution (10 g medicine plus 20 kg water 2000 times solution).
(3) Prevention and treatment of felt disease: 1% emamectin benzoate 2500 times solution (10g of medicine is added with 25kg of water to make 2500 times solution).
6. Fermented farmyard manure: Wild Sophora alopecuroides, weeds and vine crops along canals, roadsides and fields are widely harvested, branches are collected and crushed, and places close to orchards and convenient for transportation are selected for composting together with human and animal manure.
7. Planting and turning green manure: When green manure, such as rape or bean crops, is fully blossomed and ready for sowing, the green manure is turned into the soil by machinery to improve soil fertility. After ploughing, the second crop of green manure can be planted according to the method in Annex 2.
Go to work in July
1, new branches are pitted: the pitted new branches germinate three times to reduce nutrient consumption.
2. Topdressing and watering: before grape coloring, topdressing potassium sulfate 1 time, 8- 10 kg per mu, and watering 1-2 times in combination with fertilization; Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (300g potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 100kg water) on the leaves, once a week 1 time, 2~3 times, until water drops drop from the leaves, thus improving the fruit quality.
3. Weeds removal: remove weeds in ditches in time to reduce the consumption of water and nutrients by weeds.
4. Harvest of early-maturing varieties: timely harvest of early-maturing varieties. When picking, keep the stalk 3-4 cm and pick it gently. Rotten fruits and the like can be made into enzymes by the method in Appendix 3.
5. Pest control: do a good job in pest monitoring. When grape downy mildew, powdery mildew, fruit flies and other diseases and insect pests occur, timely control and reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests. For the whole tree and garden, the degree is that the branches do not leak, the leaves are covered with medicine, and there is no flow or drop.
(1) prevention and control of downy mildew and powdery mildew: protective preparations such as 500-fold broad-spectrum bactericide 50% carbendazim (10g with 5 kg of water to prepare 500-fold medicament) and 800-fold 70% thiophanate-methyl (10g with 8 kg of water to prepare 800-fold medicament) are used for prevention and control.
(2) Drosophila control: Drosophila parasitized on the fruit ear will cause fruit cracking and rot before and after discoloration, so pesticide 10% beta-cypermethrin EC 1000 times solution (10g pesticide and100kg water 1000 times) can be used.
6. Fermented farmyard manure: Wild Sophora alopecuroides, weeds and vine crops along canals, roadsides and fields are widely harvested, branches are collected and crushed, and places close to orchards and convenient for transportation are selected for composting together with human and animal manure.
Go to work in August
1, harvesting of medium-mature varieties: harvesting of medium-mature varieties in time. When picking, keep the stalk 3~4 cm and pick it gently. Rotten fruits and the like can be made into enzymes by the method in Appendix 3.
2, pest control: do a good job of pest monitoring, according to the incidence of vineyards, timely control, the whole tree, the whole garden pesticide, so that branches do not leak, leaves do not leak, leaves do not flow.
(1) Control of downy mildew: 50% dimethomorph 1500 times solution (10g medicine with water15kg preparation 1500 times solution) and 100% kresoxim-methyl/kloc.
(2) Powdery mildew prevention: 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate is 8000 times (10g of medicament and 80kg of water to prepare 8000 times), and 3% ethyl amyl alcohol 1500 times (10g of medicament and15kg of water to prepare/kloc-0).
(3) Control of leafhoppers, thrips, fruit flies and spider mites: 10% beta-cypermethrin EC can be used 1000 times (10g pesticide plus100kg water 1000 times) and 2.5%.
3. Foliar spraying: Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (300g potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100kg water) on the leaves of late-maturing varieties until water drops fall on the leaves, so as to promote branch maturity and fruit coloring.
4. Water: Water 1~2 times according to soil moisture.
5. Fermented farmyard manure: Wild Sophora alopecuroides, weeds and vine crops along canals, roadsides and fields are widely harvested, branches are collected and crushed, and places close to orchards and convenient for transportation are selected for composting with human and animal manure.
6. Turnover of green manure: When the green manure such as rape or beans enters the flowering stage (when it has completely blossomed and is ready for sowing), the green manure is turned into the soil by machinery to improve the soil fertility.
Go to work in September
1, pest control: before harvesting, remove the old leaves and yellow leaves (about one third) near the ear and the lower part of the shelf surface, so that the shelf surface is ventilated and transparent, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. Harvest of late-maturing varieties: the late-maturing varieties are ripe and picked in time. Keep the stalk 3-4 cm when picking, and pick it gently. Rotten fruits and the like can be made into enzymes by the method in Appendix 3.
3. Fermented farmyard manure: Wild Sophora alopecuroides, weeds and vine crops along canals, roadsides and fields are widely harvested, branches are collected and crushed, and places close to orchards and convenient for transportation are selected for composting together with human and animal manure.
65438+ 10 to work
1, harvesting of extremely late-maturing varieties: harvesting of extremely late-maturing varieties in time when they mature. When picking, keep the stalk 4~5 cm and pick it gently. Rotten fruits and the like can be made into enzymes by the method in Appendix 3.
2. Fertilization and winter irrigation: dig a fertilizing pit with a length of 30-50 cm, a width of 30 cm and a depth of 35-40 cm, or dig a fertilizing ditch with a depth of 35-40 cm and a width of 30 cm at a distance of 30-50 cm from the grape roots. Apply 300 kilograms of oil residue and 2500 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu to ensure nutrient supply, loosen soil and promote root system development. At the end of June, 5438+ 10 to the beginning of June 165438+ 10, before the grapes are taken off the shelf, they should be filled with enough wintering water.
3. Farmhouse manure accumulation: purchase and collect human manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other human and animal manure, collect deciduous branches and crush them, choose a place near the orchard, and actively carry out farmhouse manure accumulation together with human and animal manure according to technical requirements.
165438+ Work in October
1. Pruning: Leave the robust and mature (lignified) branches on the main vine for 20~30 cm, and leave 2~4 small pieces. Extend the branches, leaving about 10 knots short.
2. Garden cleaning: clean up litter and diseased fruit, burn or bury it deeply (depth is 30 cm), and reduce the base of overwintering pests and diseases.
3. Pest control: Before covering the soil, spray the whole garden with "5 Baume" stone sulfur mixture by mechanical spraying until the branches hang down, thus reducing the overwintering base of pests and diseases.
Configuration method: "Baume degree" stone sulfur mixture with water weight = (Baume degree of mother liquor ÷ Baume degree after dilution-1)× mother liquor weight. For example, if the mother liquor with 29 Baume is diluted to 5 Baume to prepare 15 kg (capacity 1 knapsack sprayer) of sulfur mixture liquid medicine, the weight of added water = (29 ÷ 5-1) ×15 = 72 kg.
4. Bury the soil to prevent cold: after pruning, pick off the branches and vines and bury them in the grape ditch. Soil is taken at a distance of 80~ 120 cm from the grape planting line, and the covering thickness is more than 30 cm, and the width is 1~ 1.2 m, so as to ensure that the grapes can survive the winter safely. Complete the burying work before the soil freezes to avoid the grapes from freezing. /kloc-check the cold protection of buried soil within 0/0 day, and find that the soil should be thickened, and the cracks and holes should be added with soil and tightened to prevent freezing injury.
5. Farmhouse manure accumulation: purchase and collect human and animal manure such as human manure, cow manure and sheep manure, and collect fallen leaves, weeds and branches. Crush them. Select the place near the orchard, together with human and animal manure, and actively carry out farmyard manure accumulation according to the technical requirements.