(1) pruning in the young tree stage.
a. annual. The stem height is 8 cm, and the stem height is 4 ~ 6 cm. The height of the tree is less than the row spacing and more than half of the row spacing. There are 1 ~ 15 main branches, and the three-dimensional angle is about 8 degrees. There are no side branches on the main branches, and the main branches are directly planted with branches, and the main branches are not hierarchical. In the improved spindle shape, several larger branches can be planted on several main branches at the base, which can also be called lateral branches. The distance between the main branches on the same side is more than 5 cm. A few jingles: the big branches are bright, and each lone gang is full of light inside and outside, and there is hope for high yield. The three-dimensional included angle of auxiliary branches is greater than 9 degrees.
B. Pruning of biennial trees. The central stem is short and full of buds, leaving a length of about 5 cm. Thinning two shoots. The other branches don't move. That is, cut two scissors every winter (a dozen insect tips, remove the curved parts).
C. Three-four-year-old trees can be shaped according to this treatment, and they have large branches, fast forming, early flowering and easy fruiting. The center of the shaping stage of young trees is to form early and increase the amount of branches and leaves.
D. summer scissors: peel and pull immediately.
budding: from March 1th to before germination. The object is to carve a bud every 3 buds from 4 buds under the cut, and not to carve it below 4 cm (referring to the current year = new tree planting). The main branch engraves all the full buds on both sides and under the back. The auxiliary branches should be carved with all full buds. The method is to use a hacksaw bar to cut 1/3 thick branches one millimeter before the bud and cut them to the xylem.
girdling: from late May to early June. The object is that the central trunk is more than 1 cm, and both the main branch and the auxiliary branch can be used. The method is peeling for one week, the index is healing in one month, the width is generally 1 ~ 3 mm, and it should not be too wide. According to the local situation, it is not suitable for excessive branches to become flowering branches, and they can be peeled twice or even three times.
Lazhi: The time is after beginning of autumn. The objects are main branches and auxiliary branches. Methods: Using foot opener to support and pull. The angle of the main branch is 7 ~ 8 degrees, and the auxiliary branch is more than 9 degrees. Pay attention to three pulls and three don't pull, that is, branches that are too weak, pests and diseases, and branches that don't see flowers don't pull. Pay attention to the method: don't circle, don't bend, don't plunge into the ground, don't drill into the sky, and slip a bunch of flowers smoothly.
In spring, although the branch can be opened at an angle, it is easy to run on the back of the shoulder, so it should be controlled by twisting slightly and pinching. Twisting slightly means twisting at the semi-lignified place when the branches are about 2 cm to 25 cm. Core-picking is used for the parts lacking branches. When it is slightly 2 cm new, it will be cut short from 2 cm if it exceeds 2 cm. As long as a lot of twisting and pinching, it can also bear fruit.
(2) Pruning the fruit tree. Results The tasks in the future are to adjust the number of branches and the projected area of the crown, control the height of the tree and the continuous expansion of the tree body, and adjust the ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches, so as to keep the tree body strong, ventilated and transparent, and bear more fruits and good fruits.
a. Projection area (i.e. coverage rate): Years' practice has proved that the projection area of tree crown accounts for 7% of the area occupied by fruit trees (only 6% in Japan). If it exceeds 8%, the illumination will be poor, which will not be conducive to flowering and fruiting, serious pests and diseases, and the quality of fruit will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to leave passages between rows to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, pruning and pesticide application.
B. the light transmittance should be above 3%, and if it is below 3%, it will not bloom, and only 5 ~ 6% can produce high-quality fruits.
C. tree height: the tree height should be strictly controlled within the range of more than half of the row spacing and less than the row spacing. If it is close to or greater than the row spacing, it should be dropped in time, otherwise the lighting will be poor.
D. Branch quantity: the branch quantity per mu is controlled within 1,, and about 2, apples can be produced. Take Red Fuji as an example. Three Jin, the yield per mu can reach more than 6, Jin. If the yield per mu is about 3, Jin, 6, branches will be enough. The number of small fruit branches can be larger, but it should not exceed 12 thousand at most. Taking 1, branches per mu as an example, there are 2222 branches per mu for 45 plants, 15 branches per mu for 67 plants, 1111 branches for 82 plants and 17 branches for 93 plants per mu. A branch is a branch with a growing point.
shaping and pruning of pear trees
1. If 148 trees are planted per 667m2, permanent and temporary trees should be arranged; Every 667m283 plants should be spindle-shaped, and the main branches extend uniaxially. In order to prevent the upper strong and the lower weak, the trunk can be bent and extended.
2. Young pear trees have weak branching ability, so the proportion of short cuttings should be increased during the young tree period. Because the growth period of new shoots of pear trees is relatively concentrated, they stop growing from late June to July after germination, and the buds are full, so the short cuttings of pear branches can produce similar branches at any position, and it is appropriate to intercept them at 4 ~ 5 cm in the young tree period to cultivate a compact branch group; For the branches that are sent out, it should be less sparse, and the angle can be changed by bending, pulling and pressing, and the growth of medium and short branches should be strengthened to cultivate long branches and increase the number of branches.
3. Reasonably shorten and lengthen branches to prevent the difference of subordination from being too great, and the difference of short length should not exceed 1%. No side, it is easy to appear the abnormal phenomenon of strong middle trunk, weak main branch or strong main branch and weak side branch, which is not conducive to the improvement of yield.
4. Light cutting and slow release will promote the flowering of pear branches, and non-backbone branches will be used more often to bear fruit early.
5. To prevent the fruit parts from moving out and realize the stereoscopic results, pruning means should be used correctly to ensure the good permeability of the crown, so as to realize the stereoscopic results. The shading peripheral branches and long branches should be thinned out in time, the cross branches and overlapping branches that affect the light should be retracted in time, and the weak and aging branches should be rejuvenated and updated in time to ensure the strong branches.