Hutai No.8 grape is a very early-maturing table grape variety selected by Xi 'an Grape Research Institute of Shaanxi Province from the mutant strain of European and American hybrid grape variety Kyoho× Kyoho. In the spring of 2002, the author introduced seedlings from Xi 'an Grape Research Institute and cultivated them in the greenhouse of South Garden in the eastern suburb of Baotou City. After several years of cultivation and exploration, the greenhouse naturally warmed up in early March, blossomed in mid-April, and the fruit of the first crop/kloc-0 gradually matured from the end of June to the beginning of July. The fruit yield of 333m2 was about 600-700 kg, and the fruit growth period was about 70-80 days. In mid-June, the secondary branches and spikes blossom and bear fruit; /kloc-0 ripens from late September to early October. The fruit yield of 333m2 is about 750~850kg, and the fruit growth period is about 100 ~ 1 10d. This technology is now introduced as follows.

1 seed selection and seed following

Before the beginning of March, buy robust seedlings with basal diameter above 0.8cm, more than 3 complete buds, more fibrous roots, roots over 20cm long, no dehydration, no pests and diseases, and bury them in wet sand for storage.

When the follow-up is carried out in early April, the seedlings should be pruned first, and two full buds should be cut off, above the bud eye 1cm, and the cut parts should be sealed with paint to prevent water loss from affecting germination. The root system should be cut off by 20cm and soaked for 24 hours before planting. Before putting it in, prepare a woven bag with a width of 60cm and a height of 50cm. At the same time, the soil and fertilizer are evenly mixed according to the ratio of 3 parts of sandy loam soil and 1 part of organic fertilizer, then put into woven bags, and then the pre-trimmed grape seedlings are transplanted.

Choose a piece of land in front of the greenhouse and dig a ditch with a depth of 40cm and a width of 2m according to the number of seedlings. Then, arrange the seedling bags neatly in the ditch, fill in the gaps, level them, and then water them. After water permeates and settles, level the ground and water it the next day. In the future, water will be injected into seedlings at any time according to soil moisture.

2 greenhouse colonization

Bag planting grape seedlings should be carried out before the leaves fall in late autumn. First, it is determined to be east-west, and the row spacing is1m. First, dig a ditch 80 cm wide and deep from one side. Apply 50 ~ 80kg organic fertilizer per 1m and mix it with topsoil. At the same time, put the roots in the mother soil of the seedling belt into the ditch at a spacing of 60 cm. The heel of the seedling trunk foundation should be flush with the ground, and then it should be filled and buried in the soil. Then dig ditches, fertilize, plant seedlings and bury soil in turn. Generally, a greenhouse with a width of 7 meters can grow 5 rows of grapes. Water the grapes immediately after planting, and then water the ground after the water permeates and sinks.

Prune the grapes after they have fallen leaves. If the branches and vines grow strong, fully mature and have a large amount of growth, they can be cut off above the horizontal line of 1 layer (50 ~ 70 cm from the ground) and keep the arms of 1 layer. If the grape plants grow vigorously, the growth amount is also large, and the buds are full, they can be directly extended to the top of the second layer of horizontal stay (90 ~ 1 10 cm from the ground) for cutting, and the required height of the main vine can be completed at one time.

3 buckle shed overwintering

Before winter, the grape seedlings are filled with winter water, covered with plastic film, covered with straw curtains and tied with ropes. The overwintering temperature in the greenhouse should be ≥- 10℃.

4 cultivation management

4. 1 grape trellis

East-west line, low hedge frame, erect 1 cement column every 3m, with the first three rows 1.3m high and the last two rows 1.5m high. It is shaped into a single vine with two arms and two layers with a spacing of 40 cm. Pull three lines horizontally (from top to bottom, with a spacing of 40cm) to fix plants and branches.

4.2 Plastic dressing

4.2. Grapes are cultivated in 1 plastic greenhouse, and the plastic shape is a single vine with two arms, that is, the left and right branches of the main vine are left at1layer of iron wire to cultivate permanent double-arm branches, and the second layer of double-arm branches is left above 40cm and fixed with the second layer of iron wire. If double buds and branches grow on certain arms, they should all be left behind and can be molded at one time. Its interlayer branches are all erased. The cutting length of double-arm branches is 20 ~ 30cm. Leave 1 branch on each single-arm branch, and leave 2-3 branches in each group, and adopt the combination of medium and short branches for pruning, that is, when pruning in winter, determine the branches at the base of each branch group as preparatory branches, and leave 2 buds for pruning; The upper branch is the bearing branch, and 4 ~ 5 buds (including 2 ~ 3 whole buds) are left for pruning. In addition, the fruiting branches of the harvested grapes should be retracted and updated (that is, the fruits of the fruiting branches of the current year should be cut off after harvest and replaced with the remaining fruiting branches for the next year).

4.2.2 After pruning in summer, 7 leaves are left on the ear before the mother branch blooms, and the second branch leaves 1 leaf; Take off the secondary tip under the ear and pay attention to pinch off the tendrils at any time. For the preparatory branch, after it grows two branches, the spike and secondary branch should be cut off, leaving 10 leaves for coring, and 2 leaves of the top secondary branch for coring.

4.3 Selection and retention of blunt ears

Only 1 strong fruiting mother branch is left on each fruiting branch, and the rest branches should be cut off. Only 1 spike grapes are selected on each fruiting branch, and the spike is required to be large and neat. In 1 crop, the secondary ear should be cut off, and the ear length should be 15 ~ 20 cm. After fruit setting, the fruit should be thinned in time, with 50 ~ 60 grains per ear, and the ear weight should be kept at about 600g, and the ear should be neat and even. After the grape has become an ear, the fruiting mother branch should be tied tightly with iron wire in time to straighten the ear.

4.4 the second crop of fruit management

When the fruit begins to color in 1 crop, the secondary branches on the ear will stop picking. After the secondary branches grow ears, only 1 secondary branches with ears should be selected, and the ears should be large and tidy, and all other secondary branches should be cut off. 1 When the grapes are ripe, the old branches other than the second crop should be cut off. The measures for shearing wool in summer are basically the same.

The growth period and harvest period of the second crop of fruit should be appropriately postponed, and the mother branch of each fruit should be 1 ear fruit, the ear length should be about 20cm, and the second ear and ear tip should be pinched off. Leave 60 ~ 80 fruits per ear. If there are too many fruits, thin them, and keep the ear weight at about 700g g g.

5 Greenhouse management

5. 1 temperature

5. 1. 1 Open the curtain at the beginning of March, heat it with natural light, and put the curtain to keep warm at sunset. In case of special cloudy days, you can use a heating stove to heat and keep warm.

5. 1.2 heat preservation When the room temperature reaches above 7℃ at night and around 20℃ during the day, the grapes begin to sprout and grow. When the room temperature rises above 15℃ at night and above 25℃ during the day, the grapes can blossom and bear fruit. In the future, when the daytime temperature exceeds 35℃, air should be released in time to cool down. In late June, the shed film was removed and grown by natural light and natural temperature.

5. 1.3 The second crop of fruit grows in heat preservation. The fruit of the second crop needs to ripen in late September of 10 to early October of 10. The maximum temperature in the eastern suburb of Baotou has dropped to about 20℃ during the day, and the temperature is even lower in most days. Therefore, the greenhouse film should be covered in time, and the room temperature should be kept above 25℃ during the day and reduced to 10 ~ 15℃ at night, which not only ensures the required coloring temperature of grapes, but also helps to improve the sugar content of fruits.

5.2 Fertilization and irrigation

First ten days of June, 5438+after the fruit harvest in the second season of each year 10, and applying base fertilizer. Trenches with a width of 40cm and a depth of 60cm were dug between rows, and organic fertilizer 1, 500-2000kg, phosphorus fertilizer 1, 000 kg (diammonium phosphate) and potassium fertilizer 30kg (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) were applied, and the fertilizer and soil were evenly mixed and backfilled. During the fruit expansion and coloring period, the decomposed chicken manure or biogas slurry should be topdressing with irrigation, and the topdressing amount of 333m2 is 1000kg. Grape roots are deeply distributed, so every irrigation must be thorough, so that the roots distributed below 40cm can fully absorb water and meet the growth needs.

After watering, pay attention to loosening the soil in the rapid growth period of the above-ground part to improve the permeability of the soil and the absorption capacity of the root system.

5.3 Pest control

Due to the high humidity in greenhouse, downy mildew, grape stalk brown blight, grape house blight and so on are easy to get. Grape growth period should be sprayed with bordeaux liquid protective agent. Bordeaux liquid is generally 160 ~ 240 times liquid. Before flowering, the ratio of copper sulfate to quicklime is (2 ~ 3): 1. The fruit expansion period is1:(0.5 ~1); The coloring period is 3: 1. Grapes are vulnerable to whiteflies and red spiders during the growing period, and should be treated in time once they occur. Hutai No.8 grape is a very sweet variety, and it is precocious, which is very harmful to domestic birds. The greenhouse should be covered with hail nets to prevent birds and hail.