1. Seed propagation
You can choose good varieties. Mature fruits with large fruits, bright colors and no pests and diseases can be picked in summer, soaked in warm water at 30-60℃, rubbed and dried for later use.
Before sowing, evenly block with wet sand (1:3), put it at room temperature of 20℃ to accelerate germination, and sow after 30% of the seeds turn white or soak in clear water for one day and night. Sowing can be done in spring, summer and autumn, mainly in spring. Spring sowing in late March to early April, furrow sowing with row spacing of 40cm, furrow sowing depth of 1.5-3cm, covering soil of 1-3cm. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be watered according to the soil moisture.
Seedling height 1.5-3cm, weeding 1 time, and weeding 1 time every 20-30 days. The height of seedlings is 6-9cm, and the planting should be regular. The plant spacing should be 12- 15cm, and 15,000-18,000 seedlings should be reserved per 1hm2. Combined with irrigation, topdressing should be carried out three times in May, June and July. In order to ensure the growth of seedlings, the lateral buds of seedlings should be pulled out in time when they are 40cm off the ground, and the seedlings should be cored when they grow to 60cm, so as to accelerate the growth of trunk and upper branches. When the roots grow to 0.7 cm thick, they can be transplanted from the nursery.
2. Cutting
Collect lignified annual branches with diameter greater than 0.3cm from excellent mother plants, cut into cuttings with length of 18-20cm, tie them into small bundles, put them in a pot, soak them in 100× 10-6α- naphthylacetic acid for 2-3 hours, and then cut them with plant spacing of 6-20 cm.
Tiantuan management
Weeding by intertillage in May, June and July 1 time, late June-10/early October 1 165438, sheep manure, manure, cake fertilizer, etc. It can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing, with urea applied in May and phosphorus and potassium applied in June-July. The young trees were reshaped. After planting Lycium barbarum, 3-5 stout branches were selected as main branches around the upper part of the trunk in the autumn of that year, and they were cut short at about 20 cm. When new branches appeared on the branches in the next spring, they were cut short at 20-25 cm as backbone branches.
In the third and fourth years, according to the method of the second year, we will continue to use the long branches on the main branches to expand, increase and enrich the crown skeleton. After 5-6 years of plastic culture, it entered the stage of tree formation. Adult trees are pruned every spring, including dead branches, transverse branches and sprouting branches at the roots. In summer, dense branches are removed and sparse branches are kept, and overgrown branches, pest branches and needle-punched branches are removed. Prune completely in autumn, arrange the crown, and choose to keep good fruiting branches.
Pruning principle: remove the old and keep the new, remove the disease and protect the health, remove the weak and protect the strong, so that the bearing branches are evenly distributed in the crown. It is required to cultivate more fruiting branches and cut off unfruitful branches.
Extended data:
Variety classification
Lycium barbarum belongs to Solanaceae. Lycium barbarum There are about 80 kinds of Lycium barbarum plants in the world.
Ningxia Lycium barbarum is also called hippo chef, Lycium barbarum, Zhongning Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum and so on.
Lycium barbarum in Ningxia is divided into hemp leaves, including hemp leaves, hemp leaves, hemp leaves and Ningqi 1. Round fruits, including round fruits, small round fruits and pointed round fruits; Guo Huang includes nearly 20 varieties, such as Dahuangguo, Xiaoguohuang, Lycium barbarum L. with yellow leaves, Lycium barbarum L. with white stripes, Lycium barbarum L. with rolled leaves, and Lycium barbarum L. with purple handles.
According to the types of trees
Generally, it can be divided into three types: hard strip, soft strip and semi-soft strip.
1. Stiff strip type: the branches are short, stiff and straight, flat or inclined, and the branch length is generally 20-40 cm. There are many needles on the trunk, and as a result, there are many needles on the branches. These characteristics make the appearance of the tree strong, and local farmers call this kind of wolfberry a "hard shelf". The main varieties are Lycium barbarum and Lycium barbarum.
2. Soft strip type: the branches are long and soft, almost perpendicular to the ground. The length of the branches is generally 50-80 cm, and the stitches on the branches are different. These characteristics make the tree-shaped appearance soft, and local farmers call this kind of medlar "soft strip". The main varieties are pointed yellow leaf Lycium barbarum, round-headed Lycium barbarum, round-headed yellow leaf Lycium barbarum and pointed round fruit Lycium barbarum.
3. Semi-soft strip type: the shape and length of branches are between hard strip type and soft strip type, generally drooping, 35-55 cm long, with fewer needles and strong branches. The main varieties are Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum (including new varieties Ningqi 1No. and Ningqi No.2), Lycium barbarum with round fruit and Lycium barbarum with yellow fruit.
Classification by fruit type
Mainly according to the ratio of fruit length to fruit diameter, the ratio greater than 2 is divided into long fruits, the ratio less than 2 is divided into short fruits, and the ratio less than 1 is divided into round fruits.
1. Fruiting: The fruiting body is more than 2 cm long, similar to a cylinder or prism. Generally, both ends are pointed, and some tips are round. The length of the fruit is generally 2-2.5 times the diameter of the fruit.
2. Short fruit: the fruit type is similar to that of long fruit, but the fruiting body is slightly shorter. Apex obtuse or flat or slightly concave. The length of the fruit is generally 65438+ 0.5-2 times the diameter of the fruit. This kind of medlar fruit is yellow, so it is also called yellow fruit.
3. Round fruit: The fruiting body is round or oval, and the apex is round or short. The length of fruit is generally 1- 1.5 times the diameter of fruit.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lycium barbarum (Lycium barbarum)