Congenital alopecia may be autosomal dominant inheritance, with family history and blood marriage history. Baldness occurs at birth or within a certain period of time after birth, and all the hair is bald.
Acquired alopecia includes alopecia caused by various indexes, such as alopecia areata and seborrheic alopecia. Seborrheic alopecia is the most common, which may be related to abnormal lipid metabolism.
Corresponding measures should be taken according to the cause.
prescription
1. Remove mental stress, poor sleep and other inducing factors that may lead to hair loss.
2. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and often carry out appropriate outdoor activities on rest days, including garden visits and tourism activities. A happy mood is conducive to hair growth.
3. According to the nature of baldness, use appropriate topical drugs according to the doctor's advice.
4. Patients with alopecia areata can be gently massaged in the alopecia area for several minutes after external use.
5. Patients with seborrheic alopecia should avoid greasy and fat, eat more fruits and vegetables and take vitamins.
Classification of baldness
alopecia areata
Alopecia areata is a kind of local and irregular alopecia areata, which often occurs suddenly. Its characteristic is that there is no inflammation or abnormal phenomenon in the scalp where the lesion occurs (that is, the place where alopecia areata occurs immediately), and patients often have no conscious symptoms, which are discovered unintentionally. The shape of alopecia areata is round, oval or irregular, and the head and root of bald area are loose and easy to pull up.
The course of alopecia areata can last for several months to several years, most of them can heal themselves, but some of them will recur.
Premature baldness
Baldness before age, known as premature baldness, mostly occurs in young men and mental workers.
Premature alopecia is characterized by hair loss from both sides of the forehead and then gradually extending to the top of the head. Hair gradually becomes sparse and slender, leaving only a uniform, sparse and soft scalp in the bald area, and the hair often feels slightly itchy.
seborrheic alopecia
Most of them occur in young men. Patients usually have greasy and shiny scalp, dry hair, dandruff, peeling and itching.
Seborrheic alopecia is characterized by symmetrical thinning of hair on both sides of forehead. Patients often suffer from permanent hair loss due to hair follicle atrophy, and drugs are ineffective.
Hair loss, or alopecia, is a common hair disease. There are many types of alopecia, including congenital alopecia, acquired alopecia, cicatricial alopecia, alopecia areata and seborrheic alopecia. Seborrheic alopecia is the most common, followed by alopecia areata. They are more common in young adults, and often bring a lot of troubles and pains to patients because of their aesthetic impact.
The cause of hair loss is not completely clear at present. It is generally believed that it is related to heredity, endocrine function, infection focus, autoimmune function, mental factors and nutritional status.
Alopecia areata, commonly known as "ghost shaving". Patients often have round or oval alopecia spots on their heads. At first, it was a small area of hair loss, one or several pieces, without conscious symptoms. A few patients can all lose their hair in a short time, so it is called alopecia universalis. Most alopecia areata can be recovered. The newly grown hair, with fine yellow and white hairs, gradually thickens and turns black until it returns to normal.
Seborrheic alopecia is also called male alopecia, commonly known as baldness. More common in young men. Some patients have greasy and oily hair; Some hair is dry and dull, and there is often a lot of dandruff and itching. After a long time, the hair on both sides of the forehead and the top of the head began to fall off, and the hair on the back of the pillow and the temples on both sides remained normal. The speed and range of hair loss vary from person to person, and most of them progress slowly. Female patients' hair loss is mainly on the top of their heads, and their hair is diffuse and sparse.
Comprehensive prevention and treatment methods should be adopted for alopecia, otherwise the treatment will be more troublesome: ① those related to mental factors should first reduce their mental burden, strengthen their confidence in treatment, maintain a cheerful attitude, and combine work and rest to facilitate hair growth; ② Those related to infection focus and endocrine dysfunction should clear the infection focus and correct endocrine dysfunction; ③ Pay attention to reasonable nutrition, which is beneficial to hair growth and keep hair color. Often eat foods rich in B vitamins and protein, such as eggs, milk, lean pork, beef, chickens and ducks, peanuts, soybeans, bean products, fresh vegetables and fruits. Seborrheic alopecia, especially should eat less sugar, animal fat and spicy food; 4 Scientific hair care is very important. Comb your hair frequently and avoid washing your hair with strong alkaline soap. It is best to choose a neutral or weakly acidic shampoo that is not irritating to scalp and hair, and sulfur soap can be used for oily hair. Don't wash your hair and perm it too often, perm it every six months 1 time. It is best to wash your hair once a week 1 time. But for dry hair, 10 ~ 14 days can be washed 1 time. Don't wash your hair too hot. After shampooing, you can properly apply some hair cream to keep your hair shiny and moist. ⑤ Vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and cystine can be taken for drug treatment. You can take thyroxine tablets if necessary. Patients with severe alopecia areata and alopecia totalis can take prednisone under the guidance of a doctor. The main therapeutic principles of traditional Chinese medicine are tonifying kidney, nourishing blood, promoting blood circulation and expelling wind. Chinese patent medicines can take kidney yin deficiency, Erzhi Pill, Longdan Xiegan Pill, Jianpi Pill, etc. You can also eat Polygonum Multiflori Radix tablets and Angelica tablets, all of which have certain curative effects. The purpose of topical medicine is to stimulate skin congestion, improve local blood circulation and promote hair growth. Commonly used drugs are 1 ~ 3% long-pressure (minoxidil) hair tonic or cream, 30% psoralea tincture, 10% capsicum tincture, 10% Mylabris tincture, Platycladus orientalis tincture and so on. It is externally applied to the affected area, 2 ~ 3 times a day, and can also be used as medicinal hair cream or hair tonic on the market, which is helpful for preventing and treating alopecia.
lose hair
First, congenital alopecia
Congenital alopecia is a congenital factor that causes the patient to be completely or partially hairless; Or hair is stunted and sparse. It can happen at birth or for a period of time after birth.
1, etiology
It may be autosomal dominant inheritance, often familial, and a family can be inherited for several generations. In some cases, parents have a history of consanguineous marriage.
2. Clinical manifestations
Congenital alopecia is rare in clinic and can be divided into systemic and local. Patients were born with no hair on their whole body or parts (such as scalp and eyebrows): some were born with normal hair and began to lose hair after 6 months, leading to baldness, while others were stunted and sparse, lacking the length, strength and color of normal hair. Such patients generally do not recover, and only a few patients can recover in adolescence. In addition to hair loss, patients often have other congenital abnormalities, such as developmental defects or deformities of nails, teeth and bones. For example, hereditary ectodermal leaf dysplasia, in addition to hairlessness, also includes anhidrosis, abnormal tooth and bone development; Francois syndrome includes baldness, bird-like head deformity, dwarfism and cataract. Rothmund syndrome includes alopecia, nail malnutrition, tooth development disorder and cataract.
3. There is no effective treatment.
Second, acquired baldness
Acquired alopecia is called acquired alopecia, also known as acquired alopecia, which is more common in clinic.
1, etiology
(1) endocrine dysfunction diseases such as pituitary hypofunction, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.
(2) Severe acute infectious diseases, such as typhoid fever, measles, meningitis, severe influenza, scarlet fever, etc.
(3) Chronic diseases such as nephritis, liver cirrhosis, malignant tumor, tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
(4) Dermatoses such as leprosy, syphilis, exfoliative dermatitis, chloasma, pyonephrosis, alopecia folliculitis, localized scleroderma, lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, radiation dermatitis, etc.
(5) Medicinal properties such as arsenic, thallium acetate, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, Baixuening, 5- fluorouracil and isoerythromycin.
(6) Knife cutting, violent pulling, burns and other injuries.
(7) Aging is common in the elderly after 50 to 60 years old.
In addition, local mechanical friction can also lead to baldness.
2. Clinical manifestations
It varies for different reasons. Local diseases often leave scars, leading to permanent baldness. Drug-induced alopecia is often temporary and can gradually recover after stopping taking drugs. If it is caused by mechanical friction, the hair on the friction part is scarce. For example, the baby's pillow often rubs the pillow, so the hair on the pillow is sparse. Acute infectious diseases and some chronic diseases often affect the nutrition of hair, so the patient's hair is dry and dull, and it can fall off a lot when it is grasped or combed by hand. Some patients lose their hair when they are sick, but they don't start to fall off until they recover. Hair loss caused by these systemic diseases will gradually stop until new hair replaces old hair. Baldness caused by endocrine disorders often has symptoms of sexual dysfunction. In addition to hair loss on the top of the head, pubic hair and armpit hair are often rare at the same time.
Step 3 deal with
If it is caused by systemic diseases, treat the primary disease as soon as possible, increase nutrition, improve body resistance and promote hair growth. The local scar is invalid.
Third, scar alopecia
Due to the pathological process of various local skin diseases, hair follicles are destroyed and hair can no longer grow, which is called cicatricial alopecia.
1, etiology
(1) Infectious dermatoses, such as chloasma, pyogenic tinea, alopecia folliculitis, nuchal papilla dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, furuncle, carbuncle, herpes zoster, smallpox, chickenpox, etc.
(2) Some non-infectious skin diseases such as lichen planus, localized scleroderma, discoid lupus erythematosus, keloid, sarcoidosis, etc.
(3) New organisms such as sebaceous nevus, verrucous nevus, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, etc.
(4) Physical properties such as mechanical injury, radiation injury and deep I-III degree burns.
(5) Chemical burns such as strong acid or alkali.
2. Clinical manifestations
Except keloids and new organisms, atrophic scars are formed. There is no hair follicle opening on the scar surface, and the hair there will never regenerate.
Step 3 deal with
Those who have already formed scars can't grow any more hair. For the sake of beauty, you can wear a wig.
Small-scale alopecia can be directly removed from the scar and then sutured. The incision should be at right angles to the hair growth direction, and the scar line should be hidden after operation. Hair transplantation or skin expansion is feasible when the range is large.
Fourth, alopecia areata
Commonly known as "ghost shaving", it is a kind of localized alopecia areata with normal skin and no conscious symptoms.
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(2) With regard to hereditary alopecia, especially "male alopecia", after the initial diagnosis and treatment by doctors, the alopecia can be stopped or even gradually germinated through the adjustment of diet and nutrition, the change of living habits, the care of scalp hair follicles and the application of oral and external drugs. However, there are still some men or a few women who gradually show baldness because of the sensitivity of hair follicles or excessive secretion of androgen.
(3) Nursing of scalp hair follicles:
For genotypic baldness and some young friends who can't improve their living environment and eating habits, their scalp condition is very poor, which leads to an increase in hair loss rate. The main reasons are not only the greasy scalp caused by hormone factors, but also improper cleaning, clogged pores and poor blood circulation of hair follicles. Therefore, using the maintenance methods and products that conform to the medical theory and using the correct cleaning methods can really improve the scalp condition, reduce the speed of hair loss and delay the time of baldness.