1, the requirement for soil is acidic and fertile soil, slightly salt-tolerant and light-loving. The soil should not accumulate water or be excessively dry.

2. Watering principle: If the topsoil is not watered, water it.

3. When pruning, mainly remove dead branches in autumn and winter, and pay attention to light pruning after flowering.

Winter jasmine is easy to breed and breed, and does not need special conservation techniques.

The English name of Winter Jasmine is Winter jasmine, and it is also known as Winter jasmine, Winter jasmine, Golden Belt, Huangmei, Qingming Flower, Small Yellow Flower, Deciduous Shrub and so on. Winter jasmine is a deciduous shrub, erect or prostrate, with a plant height of 30- 100 cm. Branchlets are slender, erect or arched, drooping, showing a chaotic pattern. 3 leaflets are opposite to compound leaves, and the leaves are ovoid to oblong. Flowers were born on the branches born last year, which opened before the leaves, with a faint fragrance, golden color and a blush outside. The flowering period is from February to April. Named for its earliest opening among flowers, flowers will usher in the spring of flowers.

Winter jasmine, plum blossom, narcissus and camellia are called "four friends in the snow" and are one of the common flowers in China. Winter jasmine is not only dignified and beautiful in color, but also extraordinary in temperament. It has the characteristics of not being afraid of cold, not adapting to local conditions and strong adaptability, and has always been loved by people.

Growth habit of Jasminum nudiflorum

Like light, slightly tolerant of shade, slightly cold, afraid of waterlogging, can overwinter in North China and Yanling in the open air, requiring warm and humid climate, loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, which grows vigorously in acidic soil and poorly in alkaline soil. The roots germinate vigorously. The landing part of the branch takes root easily.

geographical distribution

China, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet. In the bushes on the original hillside, the altitude is 800-2000 meters. It is widely cultivated in China and all over the world.

Breeding method of winter jasmine

Cutting is the main method, and layering and ramet propagation can also be used. Cutting: It can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. Plant division: it can be carried out when it sprouts in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. You can also dry-cut, that is, cut the whole seedbed and then irrigate it with water. Cutting can be carried out from the middle of 10 of 65438 to the middle of 10 of 65438 or in spring. After rooting, it can be planted alone, divided into plants or propagated in layers.

Cultivation techniques of winter jasmine

Strip selection

Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. The longer branches are shallowly buried in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant from the mother plant in the next spring.

Factory division

You can do it in spring when the buds sprout. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers.

Short scissors

Jasmine in spring forms flower buds on 1 annual branches, which bloom from the end of winter to the next spring. Therefore, all flower branches should be shortened after flowering every year to promote the growth of more lateral branches, increase the amount of flowers, and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water.

Pruning after flowering in spring, applying decomposed cake fertilizer or base fertilizer once, and applying manure once every half month during the growing period. Remember to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later growth stage to promote the branches to be stronger after pruning. Daily management is mainly to keep the soil moist without watering. When the climate is dry, it can be used to increase humidity and prevent water from accumulating in the basin after rain. In summer, when the head of the fierce mouth has high temperature, it is more beneficial to move to the semi-shade. Before and after the Spring Festival, move the flowerpot into the greenhouse or plastic shed, keep the room temperature at about 15℃, and you can see the flowers in about 15 days.

transplant

You can choose water wax seedlings with breast diameter above 2cm, and perform abdominal grafting at 1m or a certain height when they sprout in early spring. Grafting was carried out with branches of Spring Festival in that year as scions with the length of 8- 10 cm. Then tie it tightly with a film, wrap it in a plastic bag, and gradually tear the bag after the branches survive, so that they can breathe freely to exercise seedlings, pick their hearts to promote side branches and cultivate crown shapes.

Use basin

Spring Festival is adaptable, light-loving, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, alkali-resistant and afraid of waterlogging. The soil requirement is not high, and it can grow in slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soils, but it grows best in loose and fertile sandy soil. Planting is usually carried out after flowers wither or in mid-September. If you want to cultivate the root-lifting type, you can raise the root properly when planting, but don't raise it too high at a time, otherwise it will be bad for growth. Since winter jasmine is yellow, light blue, purple and black pots should be chosen when planting, so that the colors of pots and flowers can be coordinated. If cultivated properly, there will be yellow flowers in spring, green leaves in summer and autumn, green vines in winter and spring all year round.

Maintenance/curing

Venue. During the Spring Festival, those newly planted or changed pots should be watered, kept in the shade for about 10 days, and then placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place; Cure for a week, and then put it in a sunny, well-ventilated and humid place for curing. In winter, the pots planted with spring flowers in the south can survive the winter safely as long as they are buried in the soil in the leeward and sunny places, while in the north, they should be moved indoors when the temperature is low (about 5℃) in early winter. If you want to make the Spring Festival blossom ahead of time, you can move it into a sunny room with moderate or high temperature, such as placing it in the sunny place around 13℃, spraying clean water on the branches and leaves twice a day, and it will bloom in about 20 days. If it is placed indoors in the sunny place at about 20℃, it will bloom in about 10 days. Keep the room temperature at about 8℃ after flowering, and be careful not to let the wind blow directly on it, which can prolong the flowering period. After bloom, the higher the room temperature, the faster the flowers wither.

Prevention and control of pests and diseases of winter jasmine

mosaic disease

Symptoms: Plant diseases caused by cucumber mosaic virus. Symptoms are small and deformed leaves with dark green spots or yellowing. Infected plants do not bloom, or bloom, with short, deformed and striped flowers. The transmission route is mainly through peach aphid and cotton aphid. The source of infection is mainly the infected plants of the surrounding weeds.

Prevention and control methods: First of all, weeds should be removed in time to reduce the source of infection. Secondly, aphids should be prevented as soon as possible to eliminate vectors.

brown spot

Symptoms: Most of them occur in the spring of the four seasons. It is caused by Alternaria. Hemiptera. There are brown spots on the leaves of infected plants. The route of infection is to spread conidia through wind and rain.

Prevention and treatment: Spraying 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times solution and other fungicides at the initial stage of the disease.

gray mold

Symptoms: it is one of the common diseases of winter jasmine, which occurs all over the country. When this plant became ill, the whole plant turned yellow and died. The disease mainly infects leaves, tender stems, flower organs and other parts. It mainly occurs at the tip and edge of the blade. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves appeared water spots, which gradually expanded and became brown and rotten. In the later stage, a gray-yellow mold layer was formed on the surface of the lesion. After stem infection, the lesion is brown and gradually decays. After infection, the flower organs also turn brown and rot and fall off. Under humid conditions, botrytis cinerea layer appears in the affected area, which is a major feature of the disease. The disease overwinters with sclerotia in the disabled and soil. The temperature is about 20℃, the air humidity is high, and it is easy to get sick. Spread through wind and rain, tools and irrigation water. In the greenhouse, the disease is the most serious in late winter and early spring.

Prevention and control methods: the planting density should be reasonable. Pay attention to ventilation and reduce air humidity. Remove diseased leaves and plants in time to reduce the source of infection. Spraying 50% prochloraz or 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder 1500 times at the initial stage of the disease. It is best to use it alternately with 500 times solution of 65% metronidazole wettable powder to prevent drug resistance.

spot disease

Symptoms: It mainly harms plant leaves. The disease spread from the lower part of the plant to the upper part. Lesions are usually 3 to 4 mm in diameter and brown. In severe cases, the diseased leaves die, resulting in defoliation. This disease is caused by Stylosanthes. Pathogen overwinters on the diseased body by mycelium or conidia, and seeds can also carry bacteria, which becomes the primary source of infection in the next year. The disease mainly depends on conidia spreading with air and rain. Reinfection often occurs during the growing season. Usually, plants are prone to get sick in warm and humid weather and when applying nitrogen fertilizer. It usually occurs in July and is prevalent from August to 10.

Control methods: breeding disease-resistant varieties, strengthening fertilizer and water management, increasing application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Spraying 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times solution or1:100 bordeaux solution at the initial stage of the disease.

leaf spot

Symptoms: Most of them occur on leaves and receptacle. At the beginning, irregular lesions appeared along the veins, then turned yellow and brown, and the lesions expanded and the leaf margin dried up. In severe cases, it will die from the lower leaves.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen cultivation management, cultivate disease-free seedlings, and disinfect seedbed soil; The greenhouse should be ventilated in time to reduce the air humidity. Remove the diseased plant residues in time. Spraying 500 times 50% copper succinate wettable powder or 4000 times 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder after onset.