It has always been thought that circumcision can bring many benefits to men, such as preventing masturbation, sexually transmitted diseases, malignant changes in the reproductive organs of both sexes (such as penile cancer in men, prostate tumor and cervical cancer in women), daily reproductive health, and even treating premature ejaculation.

Now it is considered that the indication of circumcision should be repeated infection of true phimosis and glans or foreskin. At present, widely accepted contraindications include: too tight prepuce with sexual dysfunction and "too tight prepuce" caused by fear. If the patient's problem (tight foreskin) is caused by severe psychological depression (such as castration anxiety), then don't do circumcision. Some people reluctantly accepted the operation, but it was later found that it did not improve their avoidance behavior. Although the foreskin is tight but elastic, it can be contracted by hand or during sexual intercourse, thus exposing the glans penis. Its mechanism is developmental stagnation, and the reason is also psychological factors, such as taboo to explore genitals, fear of causing genital injuries, shyness or guilt about sexual problems, etc. The principle of treatment should be experiential therapy, which is helpful to correct misconceptions and reduce psychological depression, such as scientific sexual knowledge, eliminating ideological concerns, training and guidance of circumcision, guidance of reproductive health, and psychotherapy in some cases. The foreskin of true phimosis is so tight that it can't be retracted to expose the glans. Most of them are accompanied by soft tissue diseases, such as scars caused by various reasons, such as infection (balanitis, dermatitis); Circumcision under unsanitary conditions; Skin diseases such as lichen sclerosus can lead to phimosis. Treatment requires surgical intervention, such as circumcision, back skin incision, and in some cases, prepuce lacing plastic surgery. It is common for young men to have tight foreskin. Many boys are born with only a small hole in their foreskin, but this is rare after puberty. If the foreskin is still too tight at the age of 17, it is not necessarily caused by organic reasons. Almost all boys will pull out their foreskins unintentionally or intentionally in adolescence, but some boys have been afraid to pull out their foreskins. The development of the foreskin to adulthood is the result of various activities of the penis, including genital cleaning habits, or various caresses in the case of self-entertainment and masturbation.

Why do some men refuse to pull the foreskin, a normal development process? Most of them have some kind of psychological depression, and their medical history features include lack of scientific knowledge about sexual behavior and necessary guidance for maintaining reproductive health. Their education is full of taboos about touching genitals, and they are afraid that violating this taboo will cause harm to genitals. They are usually accompanied by other fears or guilt related to the process of sexual awakening. The principle of treatment for this kind of psychological depression is: make patients face their own problems correctly, understand the causes of the disease, understand the causes of developmental stagnation, get the understanding they deserve, be willing to practice pulling the foreskin, and sometimes arrange special guidance, so that they can gradually tolerate the touch of bare Baotou.

The common clinical problems caused by foreskin can be summarized as follows: (1) No formal sex education and lack of necessary knowledge of sex science. On the contrary, they are indoctrinated with many negative fallacies and prejudices that violate sex science, and they lack self-confidence to discuss sex issues with their family and friends. They are often lonely, depressed and unable to get rid of it. (2) Growing up in an overly strict and depressed family, I can't express any emotions and feelings, and I don't encourage any intimate relationship and emotional enjoyment. I often feel scared, angry and indifferent, and I often can't express these feelings well. Women are strangers in their eyes, and once they encounter setbacks, they will feel ashamed and ashamed. (3) When they grow up, they will not experience their bodies, especially their genitals. They can't get rid of the guilt of sexual expression and pursuit of sexual pleasure, and completely inhibit the exploration of genitals for fear of breaking taboos and causing harm. Excessive anxiety caused by guilt and fear makes their foreskin in a pre-adolescent state. Since the etiology has the same point, the treatment should also have the same principle. The first is to understand the extensive past sexual history. Physical examination is also very important. Many patients often take the initiative to ask for examination because their problems are manifested as physical symptoms. Teaching relevant sexual knowledge and eliminating worries will always be the starting point of treatment. It is beneficial to prepare certain written materials for patients.