1, be familiar with the drawings and construct according to them. Copy a horizontal line with a horizontal pipe and pop up a baseline with a chalk line. For rooms with local ceilings, if the original ceiling is not horizontal, the ceiling should be horizontal or along the original ceiling, which is determined by the customer after consulting the designer. 2. The shape of the curved top surface should be laid out on the ground first, and it can be topped only after it is confirmed to ensure smooth lines.
3. The main reinforcement of the suspended ceiling shall be no less than 3×5 wooden keel, and the spacing shall be 8- 1. Must be fixed with 1×8 steel expansion, which is about 1? O the dose is one. Steel expansion should be carried out in the gap of precast slab as far as possible, and the steel expansion nut should be pressed on the wooden keel.
4, wooden keel grille should pay attention to the position of lamps and lanterns, downlight opening can not have wooden keel, ceiling and ceiling lamp should be reinforced separately, the main lamp of the sitting room should be fixed by steel expansion. Lighting can be hung on the main keel, and lamps or ceiling fans weighing more than 3 kg shall not be connected with the ceiling keel, and hooks shall be set separately.
5, gypsum board before use must play line block, when sealing plate adjacent plate seam 3? L, use special screws to fix and sink into gypsum board. 5- 1? L, nail spacing is 15- 17? L. Fixation shall be carried out from the middle of the plate to all sides, and multi-point simultaneous operation is not allowed. There must be a keel at the junction of slab joints.
6. Before sealing the board, it is necessary to stretch lines and block them to ensure that the nails are nailed on the wooden keel, and they are fixed with U4 16 or U4 19 yards, with the nail spacing of 8- 15, and the nail holes are coated with antirust paint. If latex paint is used, it must be roll coated with alkyd varnish to prevent the laminate from discoloring.
7, when using aluminum gusset plate, paint gusset plate, should understand the specifications of gusset plate, combined with the size of the site reasonable blanking to buy back. The ceiling of the bathroom must also be steel expansion, painted with fire retardant paint, and the ceiling of the kitchen and bathroom should be as high as possible.
8, sealing plate, pay attention to drag lamp wire out of the top surface, according to the construction drawing on the cover panel to determine the position of the downlight, pull out the thread.
9. The total height of dark zone is generally 12-2. All dark zones should use double-layer silver rain brand neon tubes. The front baffle of the hidden belt should use nine-mile board or double-layer five-centimeter board or joinery board, and the rear baffle should use five-layer board. Panel ceiling base should be made of wooden keel, sealed with a layer of five boards, and then sealed with panel. Ii. zoning process: (1) procurement requirements for materials and accessories: 1. Light steel skeleton is divided into U-shaped skeleton and T-shaped skeleton, which are divided into people and people according to load. 2. The main components of light steel skeleton are large, medium and small keels; Accessories include hooks, connectors and hanging plug-ins. 3. Spare parts: suspenders, blue screws, nails and self-tapping screws. 4. According to the design instructions, various cover panels, such as aluminum battens or plastic battens, can be selected, and their material varieties, specifications and quality should meet the design requirements. 5. Binder: It should be selected according to the performance of the main material, and a bonding test should be done before use. (2) Main machines and tools: The main machines include: chainsaw, toothless saw, nail gun, hand saw, hand planer, pliers, screwdriver, mover, square ruler, steel ruler, molten steel level, etc. (3) Operating conditions: 1. During structural construction, joints should be left between cast-in-place concrete floors or precast concrete floors, and φ6~φ 10 reinforced concrete suspenders should be embedded according to the requirements of the projector. When the projector is not required, the steel suspenders shall be embedded according to the arrangement position of the large keel. Why is the general spacing 900~ 1200mm? 2. The ceiling room wall column is 3 o'clock. After installing all kinds of pipes and ventilation pipes in the ceiling, determine the positions of lights, vents and various exposed holes. All kinds of materials are ready. 5. Before the ceiling cover panel is installed, the wet operation project of wall and ground shall be completed. 6. Set up the shelf of the operation platform for suspended ceiling construction. 7. Before large-scale construction, the light steel frame ceiling should be built into a model room, and the camber of the ceiling, the structural treatment of the lamp trough and vent, the block and the fixing method should be tested and recognized before large-scale construction. (4) Operation flow 1. Process flow: elastic thread → installation of large keel suspender → installation of large keel → installation of middle keel → installation of small keel → installation of cotton cover plate → installation of batten → painting with antirust paint. 2. Laying out: According to the floor elevation line, measure vertically to the design elevation of the roof [shed] with a ruler, bounce the ceiling elevation along the wall and column, and draw the demarcation line on the wall along the horizontal line of the ceiling elevation. 3. Installation of large keel suspender: After the ceiling elevation horizontal line and keel position line are played, determine the elevation of the lower end of the suspender, and connect and fix the end of the suspender without bolts and threads with the rigid reinforcement embedded in the floor according to the position of the large keel and the hanging spacing. 4. Install the big keel. ① Install the boom nut. (2) Install the hanger on the big keel in advance. ③ Installation of large keel: assemble the large keel of the hanger, make the hanger pass through the required hanger nut according to the position of the step line, and tighten the nut. (4) Large keel connection: install connectors, and adjust the elevation by pulling wires to ensure arching and straightness. ⑤. Install a large keel at the mouth of the cave, and set the connection card according to the corresponding node structure of the atlas. 6. Fix the side keel with nails. When there is no requirement in the design, the nail spacing is1000 mm.. 5. Install the middle keel: ①. According to the played middle keel ladder line, clamp the middle keel hanger. (2) Hanging the middle keel: according to the spacing of the middle keel specified in the design, hang the middle keel on the big keel through the hanger. When the design is not required, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm (3). When the length of the middle keel needs to be extended by more than one, use the middle keel to connect the middle keel while hanging, and straighten and fix it. 6. Install the small keel: ①. According to the played small keel line, clamp the small keel and drop the pendant. (2) Hanging small keel: according to the small keel spacing specified in the design, hang the small keel on the middle keel through the hanger. When the design is not required, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm (3). When the length of the small keel needs to be extended by more than one, connect the two ends with the small keel connector while hanging the small keel, and straighten it first and then fix it. (4). When T-shaped keels are used to form light steel skeleton, when installing cover panels, small keels shall be installed with a blocking small keel for each cover panel. 7. Installation of the cover panel: Under the assembled and qualified light rigid frame, according to the specifications of the cover panel, a row of cover panels are installed from the middle of the ceiling based on the direction of the middle keel, and then installed on both sides. The distance between self-tapping screws for fixing the cover plate is 200 ~ 300mm ... 8. Brush antirust paint: light steel framework covers the ceiling of the panel, and the surface (such as embedded parts, pendants, connectors, nail accessories, etc.). ) Without antirust treatment, the welding place shall be painted with antirust paint before completion. This process should be carried out before sealing the panel. (5) The quality standard shall be implemented according to GB-502 10-200 1 Articles 6.2.7 to 6.3. 1 1. (6) finished product protection 1. When installing light steel skeleton and cover panel, attention should be paid to protecting all kinds of pipelines in the ceiling. Lightweight steel skeleton suspender. 2. The ceiling materials such as light steel skeleton and cover panel shall be strictly managed during admission, storage and use to ensure no deformation, moisture and rust. 3. The doors and windows installed in the construction ceiling, the completed ground, wall and window sill should be protected to prevent fouling. 4. Installed light steel skeleton shall not be trampled by people here, and other types of work shall not be hung on the light steel skeleton. 5. In order to protect the finished product, the installation of the cover panel must be carried out after the acceptance of all processes such as pressure test and heat preservation of the pipeline in the shed. (7) Quality problems that should be paid attention to: 1. Uneven ceiling: The reason is that the suspenders were not carefully leveled when the large keel was installed, resulting in inconsistent elevation of each suspender. During construction, the rigor of each lifting point should be checked and connected, and whether the elevation and flatness meet the requirements of design and construction specifications should be checked. 2. The local joint structure of light steel skeleton is unreasonable: keels and connectors should be set according to the corresponding joint structure in the drawings at the left holes, lamp openings and vents, so that the structure meets the requirements of the drawings and design. 3. The light steel frame is not firmly hung: the light steel frame of the ceiling should be hung on the main structure, and the suspender nut should be tightened to control the fixed design elevation; Pipes and equipment parts in the ceiling shall not be hung on the light steel frame. 4. The gap of the cover panel is not straight: pay attention to the specifications of the panel during construction, align the stay wires, and ensure straightness when installing and fixing. 5. The layering and blank holder are not tight or straight: stay wires should be used during construction, and then they should be fixed and pasted after alignment. Inspection method for allowable deviation of the project 1 arch height 1/ 200 gauge inspection of pull-through line 2. Gauge inspection of 2mm around horizontal line 3. Surface leveling of 2mm. Check whether the joint is straight or not with a 2m ruler wedge feeler gauge 4. 1.5mm pull -5m line (less than 5m pull-through line) Check 5 joint height of 0.5mm with ruler and feeler gauge. Acceptance specification for metal plate suspended ceiling: (1) The basement project of metal plate suspended ceiling shall meet the following requirements: the material, variety, specification, color, shape and size of suspended ceiling must meet the design requirements and the current relevant national standards. The connection between the metal plate and the keel must be firm and reliable, and shall not be loose or deformed. The positions of equipment openings and lamps should be arranged reasonably, symmetrically and beautifully. Sleeves are cut accurately, with neat edges and no exposed seams. Straight and tidy. (2) The installation quality of the metal plate shall meet the following requirements: the radian of the plate surface is accurate; The surface is flat; Tight joints and interfaces; The slab joints are straight, without obvious dislocation, and the width is even; The angle of yin and yang is square; The shoulder angle and cutting direction of the decorative line are correct. Excellent: the camber of the plate is accurate; The surface is flat; Tight joints and interfaces; The interface positions of laths are staggered and orderly, the joints are straight, there is no dislocation, and the width is consistent; The angle of yin and yang is square; The shoulder angle and cutting direction of the decorative line are correct and the flat-fell seam is tight. Special-shaped plate layout position is reasonable and beautiful. (2) The surface of the metal plate shall meet the following requirements: qualified: the surface shall be neat, free from warping and bumping, and the coating shall be complete without scratches and obvious color difference. Excellent: the surface is neat, without warping and scratches, the coating is complete and without scratches, and the color is consistent and beautiful. 3. Tiling process: What should I pay attention to when pasting floor tiles?
(1) process flow: base cleaning → plastering ash cake → scribing reinforcement → spreading adhesive layer mortar → elastic thread → paving brick → smoothing seam → caulking → curing 2.
(2) There are generally "straight", "herringbone" and "diagonal" paving methods. Play the control line according to the requirements of the construction details. When the line is stretched, the bricks are arranged in the vertical and horizontal or diagonal direction of the room, and the joint width is not more than 2mm. When the edges at both ends are not suitable for the whole brick (or special parts), measure the size to cut or trim the whole brick. After the arrangement of bricks is determined, measure with a square ruler. Play vertical and horizontal or diagonal control lines on the bonding layer every 3 ~ 5 bricks.
(3) Clean the selected bricks, soak them in clear water for 2-3 hours, then take them out and dry them for later use.
After the bonding layer is completed, the bricks are laid in turn. When bricklaying, wet cement slurry should be applied. First, vertical and horizontal positioning belts should be laid according to the line, and the positioning belts should be separated by 15 ~ 20 bricks. Then, the floor tiles in the positioning belts should be laid from the inside out, and the floor tiles should be paved flat and dense.
(4) Flattening and sewing: After each section is paved, sprinkle water gently with a watering can, and hammer it with a wooden hammer and hardwood clappers in the order of bricklaying for about 15 minutes without omission. When pressing, level it with a level. After compaction, draw the longitudinal seam with the guy, then pull out the transverse seam and straighten it, so that the seam is straight, well-connected and adjusted, and then flatten it with a wooden hammer, that is, scrape the residual pulp in the seam. The above process must be operated continuously.
(5) Joint sealing and maintenance: After the floor tiles are laid for two days, clean the joints, sprinkle water for wetting, wipe the joints with cement slurry, caulk and polish, and wipe the floor with cotton yarn. After the jointing mortar is finally set, it is advisable to spread sawdust for water conservation for not less than seven days.
(7) Material requirements: cement grade shall be no less than 425, mortar strength shall be no less than M 15, and consistency shall be 2.5 ~ 3.5 cm. The block material shall conform to the allowable deviation stipulated in the current national product standards and specifications.
(8) Key points of construction
(1) The base shall be fully cleaned and rinsed with water to prevent the leveling layer from shelling and hollowing.
(2) Before leveling layer construction, do a good job of elevation control of cake collapse. The leveling layer adopts 1:2 cement mortar, and the surface is polished, and the flatness is not more than 5 mm
(3) When plastering the wall, we should "drive ahead" to ensure that the internal angle of the ground is at right angles.
(4) Before the block floor construction, it is necessary to play the line block and paste it according to the line of play.
⑤ Paste materials should meet the design requirements, and it is recommended to use special adhesive (such as JCTA glue).
6. Do a good job in protection and maintenance.