Chenzhou is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces, but the dialect state is quite different from the surrounding areas, forming an interesting dialect island. The distribution of Chenzhou dialect is very complicated. The mainstream dialect "Jiehua" takes Southwest Mandarin, a sub-dialect in the northern dialect, as the main dialect, which has the basic characteristics of Southwest Mandarin and is quite different from the surrounding Hunan dialect, Gan dialect, Cantonese dialect and Hakka dialect. However, the language is not synchronized with the northern Hunan dialect, and it is also different from the Jiangxi dialect in the east, and to some extent, it is also different from the southern Guangdong dialect. This "island state" is somewhat different from the "island state" where the southwest mandarin in Liuba County, Shaanxi Province is surrounded by the Central Plains dialect. It shows the following characteristics: first, the dialect in Chenzhou area is surrounded by several other dialects, not just one dialect; Secondly, the distribution of dialects in the region is obviously related to geographical location; 3. In addition to Southwest Mandarin, Gan dialect and Hakka dialect, there is "Southern Hunan dialect" which has not been clarified by academic circles at present. Fourthly, Chenzhou has a large area of foreign and domestic exchanges of different dialects, which is what we usually call bilingual areas. It refers to the use of the local dialect and southwest mandarin of one's hometown in foreign exchanges, which are mainly distributed in Yizhang, Linwu, Jiahe and Guiyang counties; 5. Due to the complexity of dialects in the region, they have influenced each other in the long-term communication and development, and actually show the characteristics of "great isolation and small integration". The dialect distribution in Chenzhou is as follows: (1) Southwest Mandarin (street dialect) is mainly spoken in Chenzhou city, including Beihu and Suxian districts; Yongxing and Zixing counties in the east and north, and Anren, which is farther away, belong to the Gan dialect area. The easternmost counties of Guidong and Rucheng are Hakka dialects; Guiyang, Jiahe, Linwu and Yizhang in the west and south belong to the bilingual areas of southwest Mandarin and southern Hunan dialect, and the dialects in each area are inconsistent, making it difficult to communicate with each other. This classification refers to the research results in recent years, which is different from the classification that Guidong and Rucheng belong to Gan dialect area in local chronicles. Of course, some surveys show that Cantonese is also spoken in very few places in Rucheng.