Luffa, the scientific name of bergamot, is also called pear melon, fist melon and longevity melon. Native to Mexico, Central America and the West Indies, 19 15 was introduced to China and planted in southern China, with Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces as the most.
Bergamot can only be cultivated as an annual in temperate regions, and the whole melon must be sown and raised. In the south, bergamot is stored in the cellar, and naturally emerges around Qingming in the next year, and then the planted seeds are planted directly. In the north, in order to cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance, it is necessary to accelerate germination indoors as soon as possible. Germination time: at the end of June, 5438+the following year 10, take out the seed melons, wrap them in plastic bags one by one, and move them to a greenhouse or a hot kang to germinate. The temperature is 15 ~ 20℃. Germination temperature should not be too high. If the temperature is too high, the bud will be faster, but it will be thin and weak. If the temperature of accelerating germination is properly lowered, the buds will be thick, short and strong. About half a month, the top of the seed melon cracked and gave birth to young roots. When the seed melon grows tender buds, it will be raised. A small amount is cultivated in large cultivation bags or flowerpots in warm rooms, and a large amount is cultivated in simple protected areas. Nutrient soil is a mixture of sandy soil with good air permeability and vegetable garden soil. The germination end of the seed melon is upward, the handle is downward, the soil is covered by 4 ~ 6 cm, the soil moisture is held by hands, and it is scattered when landing. Don't kill water. It is advisable to leave 2 ~ 3 melon vine buds when raising seedlings, and remove many weak buds in time. Leave 4 ~ 5 leaves to pick the core of the overgrown melon vines, control overgrowth and promote lateral buds. During seedling raising, the temperature should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃, and good ventilation and lighting conditions should be maintained.
Sowing the whole bergamot requires a lot of melons, and the cost is high. In order to reduce the number of seed melons and expand the propagation coefficient, the Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully adopted stem cutting to raise seedlings. The specific method is to raise the seed melon in advance, cultivate strong seedlings and vines, and carry out cutting and cutting. Where there is a greenhouse, the seedlings can be raised from 1 1 to 12. By prolonging the seedling raising period, the seedlings can grow more branches and stronger branches. Cutting seedlings and vines in early and middle March, each cutting section contains 2 ~ 3 knots. Soak the cuttings in 500ppm solution of naphthylacetic acid for 5-65438+/-00 minutes, take them out and insert them into nursery nutrient soil or light matrix such as vermiculite, perlite and sieve residue, and keep warm and moist to promote rooting. Experiments show that the survival rate of cutting by this method can reach above 80%.