At the beginning of the 20th century, his creation entered a brand-new stage. In order to let the world "breathe the hero's breath" and set up a monument for heroes with great spiritual strength, Roland wrote several biographies of celebrities: Beethoven (1903), Michelangelo (1906) and Tolstoy (654). At the same time, he published his masterpiece "Johann Christophe" and won the French Academy Literature Award 19 13. Therefore, romain rolland is regarded as the most important writer in contemporary France. 19 15, Roland was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in recognition of "the lofty ideals in his literary works and his sympathy and love for truth when portraying different types of characters".
Between the two world wars, romain rolland's creation reached its climax again. 19 19, he published the novella Gora Brujon, which was written in 19 13 1920, and he published two anti-war novels, Greyhembo and Pierre and Ruth.50000.00000000605
Romain rolland's artistic achievement mainly lies in his bold and simple writing style, which depicts the image of intellectuals who bravely advance in pursuit of justice and light in stormy times. When talking about artistic style, romain rolland said that he didn't want others to recognize his other advantages except the word "sincerity". He is a writer with wide international influence and a famous social activist. Throughout his life, he has waged an indomitable struggle for human freedom, democracy and light.
Chronology of life
Version 1
1866-65438+1October 29th, Clancy, Burgundy, France.
1880- settled in Paris.
1886- 1889- studying in French normal schools.
1889- 189 1 year-studied at the French school in Rome.
1895—— Worked in Paris Teachers College, teaching art history.
1895—— Complete the main doctoral thesis: the origin of opera before Lu Rui and scarlatti.
1897-published his first work "St. Louis" in Paris magazine, and staged his first two tragedies "Art" and "Wolf".
1898-Charlie Beju's first published work Wolf was published.
1899- The victory of reason was published.
190 1 year-Dandong was first published in bimonthly.
1902-July 14.
1903- Publishing Biography of Beethoven and Coming Times.
1904—— The first chapter of john christopher was published in the bimonthly.
1905-The first three chapters of john christopher won the Fermina Prize and were named Happy Life.
1905- Orlando's bookstore began to publish this work, competing with bimonthly books.
1906-Michelangelo's biography is published in Paris bimonthly.
1908- published ancient and modern musicians.
19 10- published in Gandel.
19 1 1 year-Tolstoy's biography was published in Paris magazine.
1912-The last chapter of john christopher was published in Parisian fortnightly and Orlando's Bookstore.
1913-won the literary prize of the French Academy.
1914-1919-lives in Switzerland.
1914-1916-worked in the Geneva International War Crimes Administration.
19 14- Beyond Controversy published in Geneva Daily.
1915-The anthology Beyond Controversy was published in Orlando, Paris.
1916-get Nobel Prize in Literature.
19 17- giving up the prize money of international red cross prize and other literary prizes.
19 18- published empedocles in Agrigent City.
1919-1922-lives in France.
19 19- the declaration of spiritual independence was issued.
19 19- Published Cora Bolognon.
19 19- released music tour.
19 19- Publish "Precursor".
19 19- Liluli released.
1920- released Cleran Bor.
1922- 1937- Vilnay lives in Switzerland.
1922- Publish the defeated.
1924-biography and publication of Gandhi.
Version 2
1866 was born in central France. 1880 came to Paris with his family. 1889 graduated from the history department of Paris Teachers College and soon came to Rome for postgraduate study. After returning from Rome, he taught art history at the University of Paris. From then on, I began to write. Published works from 1898.
19 14 years, the first world war broke out and romain rolland settled in Geneva. He used the Swiss neutral environment to write anti-war articles, and his position was criticized by German writer thomas mann and others. But he didn't give in.
19 15, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature this year, but due to the opposition of the French government, the result was delayed to 1 15 the following year, and the Faculty of Literature of Swedish University officially informed him of this decision. Romain rolland awarded all the prizes to the International Red Cross and the French Refugee Organization.
19 17, the October Revolution broke out in Russia. Romain rolland, together with famous writers such as France and Barbiser, opposed the interference of European imperialist countries. He publicly declared: "I'm not a Bolshevik, but I think the leader of the Bolsheviks is the great Marxist jacobins, who is carrying out magnificent social experiments."
1In June, 935, romain rolland visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of Gorky. And met with Stalin.
1September, 937, romain rolland bought a house near his hometown of Cramsy town. At the end of May of the following year, he returned to his hometown from Switzerland to settle down.
1940, the Germans occupied Paris, and romain rolland himself was closely watched by fascists. 1August, 944, the Nazis retreated and Paris was liberated. He saw the light again.
1944 65438+On February 30th, romain rolland passed away. At the age of 78.
Character works
Romain rolland's creation in 1930s can be roughly divided into two periods. His previous works mainly included revolutionary dramas set in the French Revolution, including 8 dramas such as Wolf (1898), Dandong (1900) and July 14th (1902). Three Biographies of Heroes: Beethoven Biography (1903). Michelangelo (1906) and Tolstoy (1911); John Christophe's masterpiece. The novella Gora Breugnon (1919) and a series of novels reflecting his opposition to war and all kinds of violence. I am afraid that the collectivism system will hinder the individual's "spiritual independence" and other ideas. Later works include the novel Mother and Son (old translation of Happy Soul): Anetti and Silvio (1922) and Summer (1924). Mother and Son (1927), Prophet (1933) and a series of essays, memoirs and papers. In particular, in 193 1, he published the article "Farewell to the past", criticized the road he had taken in the past, and took an active part in the activities against imperialist wars and maintaining peace from then on, becoming a progressive anti-imperialist and anti-fascist literary fighter.
His masterpiece, John Christophe, was called "a long narrative poem" by Gorky and was regarded as the greatest novel in the 20th century. This magnum opus *** 10 focuses on the life of the protagonist, John Christophe, describing the growth, struggle and ultimate failure of this musical genius. At the same time, it gives a true portrayal of the social reality in Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and other countries to varying degrees, accusing the capitalist society of destroying art. The book is like a huge symphony. Each volume is a movement with different thoughts, emotions and rhythms. Starting with John Christophe, romain rolland created a unique novel style. This masterpiece won 19 13 French Academy Literature Award, 19 15 Nobel Prize in Literature.
The famous biographies of this modern biographer (Beethoven (1903), Michelangelo (1906) and Tolstoy (191kloc-0/)) are of great significance to contemporary biographies. He visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of Stalin in 1935, and wrote the book "Moscow Diary", in which he looked forward to the future of the Soviet Union, and romain rolland hoped that the disadvantages he saw in the Soviet Union could be solved. So out of consideration for the Soviet Union, Romano saw that the book had not been published at that time and asked the publishing house not to publish it for 50 years. 1984, the book was published, but unfortunately it was not far from the disintegration of the Soviet Union at this time, and the author's wish was not realized.
celebrity quote
1. The instinct shown by the youth forces is to oppose other youth forces or selectively combine with them. Because all kinds of ideas are attractive. They first hesitate to explore, trying to wander between two or three goals, and then make a decision and choose each other as friends. Category: Youth
2. Despising yourself, betraying yourself and denying your beliefs with death is the greatest punishment and the greatest sin in the world. I would rather bear the pain and disaster in the world than come to this. Category: faith
Wisdom and friendship are the only light that illuminates our night. Category: friendship
4. No one has ever read for the sake of reading, only read himself in the book, find himself in the book, or check himself. Category: reading
5. A person's absolute freedom is madness, and a country's absolute freedom is chaos. Category: Freedom
6. Life is an endless battle. Anyone who wants to be a human being must always fight against the invisible enemy. The instinctive power to kill, the desire to confuse people's minds, the ambiguous thoughts, and the thoughts that make you degenerate and self-destruct are all such stubborn enemies. Category: Life
7. Life is an endless and relentless battle. Anyone who wants to be a man must always fight against the invisible enemy. Category: Life
8. We only respect the truth, the truth that is free, unrestricted and knows no national boundaries, and the truth that has no racial discrimination or prejudice. Category: Freedom
9. All the fun of life is the fun of creation: the action of a love genius depends on creating this fire. Category: Life
Life is hard. For those who are unwilling to be mediocre, it is a struggle day and night, often tragic, without glory and happiness, but in loneliness and silence. ..... They can only rely on themselves, but sometimes even the strongest people can't help wasting time in suffering. Category: Life
1 1. You people born today, you young people, it's your turn now! Step on our bodies and walk forward. I hope you are greater and happier than us. Category: Youth
12. I have all the conditions for happiness, and no matter how distressed I am, I think I should always be happy as long as I can always convey my inner happiness to others. Category: Youth
13. There is only one truth in the world: be loyal to life and love life. Category: science
14. A gentle attitude is really a great comfort to a despised heart. Category: friendship
15. The heroes we are talking about are not those who win by thinking or strength. The heroes I call are only those with noble virtues. Category: thoughts
16. A person's personality determines his chances. If you like to keep your character, then you have no right to refuse your opportunity. Category: Life
17. Once selfish happiness becomes the only goal of life, life will become aimless. Category: Ideal
18. This girl's age is exactly the age when a person anesthetizes himself with a happy and proud dream. She always thinks about love, and her keen interest and curiosity can hardly be said to be innocent if it is not because of her ignorance. Category: love
19. The instinct shown by the youth forces is to oppose other youth forces or selectively combine with them. Because all kinds of ideas are attractive. They first hesitate to explore, trying to wander between two or three goals, and then make a decision and choose each other as friends. Category: thoughts
Even if you know half the truth through your own efforts, it is much better than parroting all the truth. Category: true
2 1. Wisdom and friendship are the light that illuminates our night. Category: wisdom
22. Instead of spending a lot of time and energy digging many shallow wells, it is better to spend the same time and energy digging a deep well. Category: Time
23. The most sensitive barometer that marks the era is the young people. Category: Youth
24. I obey reason, and when necessary, I can sacrifice my friendship, my hatred and my life for it. Category: friendship
25. A person's absolute freedom is madness, and a country's absolute freedom is chaos. Category: country
26. Life is hard. For those who are unwilling to be mediocre, it is a struggle day and night, often tragic, without glory and happiness, but in loneliness and silence. ..... They can only rely on themselves, but sometimes even the strongest people can't help wasting time in suffering. Category: Ideal
Even if you know half the truth through your own efforts, it is better than parroting the whole truth. Category: true
28. We only respect the truth, the truth that is free, unrestricted and knows no national boundaries, and the truth without racial discrimination or prejudice. Category: true
29. I was born to fight. Category: Life
30. Life does not issue round-trip tickets. Once you leave, you can never come back. Category: Ideal
3 1. He who strangles his own thoughts is the biggest murderer. Category: thoughts
32. Life does not issue round-trip tickets. Once you leave, you can never come back. Category: Life
There are some countries in the world that are more important, and that is the conscience of mankind. Category: country
34. Life is a gamble. No matter whether the wealth of life is good or bad, as long as there is a catty of meat left, I will gamble. Category: Life
I am willing to pay any price for a lofty goal. Category: Life
36. All the morals advocated by people, family morals and social morals, are beautiful only when egoism is lost, and only when a person sacrifices his sacred thoughts for an overly humane lover, a good son or a good spouse! Category: thoughts
37. Despising yourself, betraying yourself and denying your beliefs with death is the greatest punishment and the greatest sin in the world. I would rather bear the pain and disaster in the world than come to this. Category: faith
Anyone who can see through a child's life can see that the world is buried in the shadow, the nebula is organizing and the universe is brewing. A child's life is infinite, it is everything ... Category: children.
39. You people born today, you young people, it's your turn now! Step on our bodies and walk forward. I hope you are greater and happier than us. Category: Youth
40. There is only one truth in the world, and that is to be loyal to and love life. Category: true
4 1. Poor people are too obsessed with happiness! After selfish happiness becomes the only goal in life, life soon becomes aimless. Category: Life
42. Countless wounds are the best things that life gives you, because every wound marks a step forward for you. Category: Ideal
43. The heaviest burden in life is not work, but boredom. Category: Work
44. All the joy of life is the joy of creation: the action of a love genius depends on creating this fire. Category: Genius
45. Married friends are not former friends anyway. Men's souls are now immersed in the souls of some women. Category: friendship
Even if you know half the truth through your own efforts, it is much better than parroting all the truth. Category: true
47. Life is a vineyard for common use, common cultivation and common harvest. Category: Ideal
48. It is obvious that the future does not belong to those who hesitate, but to those who will persevere and never give up once they have decided. Category: Diligence
49. There is only one truth in the world: be loyal to life and love it. Category: Life
50. You people born today, you young people, now it's your turn! Step on our bodies and walk forward. I hope you are greater and happier than us. Category: Youth
5 1. Anyone who has no sincere and earnest respect for the truth will never talk about conscience, noble life and nobility. Category: true
52. Wisdom and friendship are the only lights that illuminate our night. Category: wisdom
53. Rich nature will wither if it doesn't feed the hungry. Category: dedication
54. Believe in yourself before others will believe in you. Category: talents
55. Doubt and faith are both necessary. Doubt can destroy yesterday's beliefs and open the way for tomorrow's beliefs. Category: faith
You people born today, you young people, it's your turn now! Step on our bodies and walk forward. I hope you are greater and happier than us. Category: Morality
57. Life is like a seed, hidden in the depths of life. In the mixture of black soil and human clay, there are traces left by generations. Great life, the task is to separate life from the soil. It takes a lifetime to have a baby like this. Category: Life
58. Life is an endless and relentless battle. Anyone who wants to be a human being must always fight against the invisible enemy. The instinctive power to kill, the desire to confuse people's minds, the ambiguous thoughts, and the thoughts that make you degenerate and self-destruct are all such stubborn enemies. Category: Life
59. Happiness is the fragrance of the soul and the harmony of the singing soul. The most beautiful music of the soul is sympathy. Category: Youth
60. When a person is young, he needs to have an illusion that he is participating in the great activities of the world and innovating the world there. His senses will vibrate with the breath of the universe and feel so free and relaxed. He is not tired of his family, has nothing and is fearless. Because I have nothing, I can give up everything generously. Category: Freedom
6 1. There is only one truth in the world: be loyal to life and love life. Category: true
62. Wisdom and friendship are the only lights that illuminate our night. Category: friendship
63. Whoever meets a friendly person in the world and experiences a state of caring for each other is savoring the joy of heaven and earth. Category: friendship
64. Even if we are still, time is moving for us. And the passage of time takes away the fantasy we want to keep. Category: Time
65. Life is an endless factory, where there is no place for lazy people. Work! Create! Category: Work
If you want to monopolize the truth, the truth will laugh at you. Category: true
67. Life is an endless factory, where there is no place for lazy people. Work! Create! Category: Life
68. With friends, life shows its full value. Category: friendship
Without great character, there would be no great people, even great artists and great actors. Category: Morality
70. I am willing to pay any price for a lofty goal. Category: Ideal
7 1. It is one thing to talk about theory leisurely, but it is another to put ideas into practice, especially when decisive decisions are needed. Category: thoughts
72. Ideal is a kind of power! Category: Ideal
73. All the morals advocated by people, family morals and social morals, are beautiful only when egoism is lost, and only when a person sacrifices his sacred thoughts for an overly humane lover, a good son or a good spouse! Category: cultivation
74. The seriousness and high integrity of peer work form a balanced category between freedom and order: work.
75. What is life? It is not cold reason and what we see with our naked eyes, but what we imagine. The rhythm of life is love. Category: Life
Once selfish happiness becomes the only goal of life, life will become aimless. Category: Life
77. I don't call those who are superior to others in thought and strength heroes. I can only be called a hero if I make myself greater with my heart. Category: thoughts
78. With the rhythm of light and shade balance and the rhythm of children's life, the infinite unfathomable years are revealed. Category: children
79. The seriousness and high integrity of peer-to-peer work form a balanced category between freedom and order: freedom.
80. When a person is young, he needs to have an illusion that he is participating in the great activities of the world and innovating the world there. His senses will vibrate with the breath of the universe and feel so free and relaxed. He is not tired of his family, has nothing and is fearless. Because I have nothing, I can give up everything generously. Category: friendship
8 1. People can't specify a time category for lust: time.
82. All the morals advocated by people, family morals and social morals, are beautiful only when egoism is lost, and only when one sacrifices one's sacred thoughts for an excessively humane dear-a good son or a good spouse! Category: Morality
83. Life is a matter of time. Only a damn dreamer will put himself in nothingness instead of grasping the fleeting time in front of him. Category: Time
84. Without great character, there will be no great people, or even great artists or great actors. Category: cultivation
85. People often think that the preparation stage is a waste of time. Only when the real opportunity comes and they can't grasp it, will they realize that they are usually wasting their time without preparation. Category: Time
86. Faith is not a science. Faith is an act, and only practice can make sense. Category: faith
87. It is immoral to live with nothing but peace of mind. People who quit fighting automatically are cowards. Category: Morality
88. I obey reason If necessary, I can sacrifice my friendship, my hatred and my life for it. Category: true
89. Life is an endless battle. Anyone who wants to be a human being must always fight against ruthless enemies. Those instinctive thoughts that make you self-destructive are such stubborn enemies. Category: Life
90. Some people feel that it is a kind of happiness to be able to give their lives and express their deep and selfless sympathy for mankind with sacrifice. Category: dedication
9 1. With the balanced rhythm of light and darkness and the rhythm of children's life, endless and unfathomable years will be revealed. Category: children
92. What we call heroes are not those who win by thinking or strength. The heroes I call are only those with noble virtues. Category: Morality
93. With friends, life shows its full value. Category: friendship
94. All the joy of life is the joy of creation: the action of a love genius depends on creating this fire. Category: love
95. All the morals advocated by people, family morals and social morals, are beautiful only when egoism is lost, and only when one sacrifices one's sacred thoughts for an excessively humane dear-a good son or a good spouse! Category: society
96. I obey reason. When necessary, I can sacrifice my friendship, my hatred and my life for this. Category: science
97. Life is an endless and relentless battle. Anyone who wants to be a man must always fight against the invisible enemy. Category: ambition
98. There is only one truth in the world, and that is to be loyal to and love life. Category: Life
99. If a person wants to help the weak, he should become strong by himself, instead of becoming weak like them. If you like, don't be lenient with what they have done. Never let down your guard against the bad things they are going to do. Category: cultivation
100. We only respect the truth, the truth that is free, unrestricted and regardless of national boundaries, and the truth that has no racial discrimination or prejudice. Category: science
10 1. Life is an endless factory, where there is no place for lazy people. Work! Create! Category: Ideal
102. You people born today, you young people, now it's your turn! Keep your feet firmly on us and move forward. I hope you are greater and happier than us. Category: Youth
103. Whoever has the will to make progress can do it. Category: ambition
104. Countless wounds are the best things that life gives you, because each wound marks a step forward. Category: Life
105. True happiness is completely objective, thus reflecting one's ambition. Category: Youth
106. Even if you know half the truth through your own efforts, it is much better than parroting all the truth. Category: science
107. Life is a vineyard for common use, common cultivation and common harvest. Category: Life
108. A coward will give his friend to the executioner. Category: friendship
109. Friends are transparent to friends, and they exchange lives with each other. Category: friendship
1 10, if you want to monopolize the truth, the truth will laugh at you.