If you plan to build valleys, cliffs and deep pools in the city, you must carry rocks, dig gullies, cross obstacles and run out of manpower. But if you want to have a sky scene, you can't. Without people, adapting to the terrain and maintaining the beauty of nature, which was difficult to do in the past, is now here.
Yongzhou is at the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. People who originally measured and planned here once surrounded the foothills of the city. There are rocks here, but they are covered with dense grass; Here is a clear spring, but buried under the mud, it has become a poisonous snake and a beaver that suddenly appears. There are stones, they are trapped in the grass; One spring, it lay on the soil. Snakes can fly, raccoons and rats can swim. Gong Wei came to Yongzhou, and after a month, there were not many things for Taiwan.
Looking at this land, I think it is very unusual, which only allows people to eradicate weeds and sludge. The grass is shoveled in piles, and the spring water after dredging is crystal clear. The weeds were burned, the clear spring was cleared, and the strange scenery continued. Delicate and dirty, separated, beauty replaced desolation. Look at those trees, handsome and tall, with branches and leaves stretching; Look at the lake, rippling and winding. The rock is thick and thick, surrounded by it. Depending on its planting, it is delicate and comfortable; Depending on its storage, it will dissolve excess. The cave is deep and deep, and the stone mountain is towering. Or column or kneeling, or standing or servant, Joe suddenly, pile mound sudden anger. All the grotesque rocks adapted to the terrain and performed under the hall. Outside the new museum, the plateau is connected with mountains, and the forest covered at the foot of the cliff is interlaced, either hidden or present. The green Ye Yuan is from near to far, blending with the blue sky. You are wild, far away, and salty will enter the door.
The view of ancient prose only includes congratulations and comments.
If you want to build valleys, cliffs and deep pools in cities, you must carry rocks, dig gullies, overcome obstacles and exhaust manpower. But if you want to have that kind of scenery made in heaven, you can't do it. Do not need to spend manpower, conform to the terrain and maintain the beauty of nature. This kind of thing that was difficult to do in the past has now appeared here.
Yongzhou is at the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. The people who originally measured and planned here also built a city around the foot of the mountain. There are rocks here, but they are covered with dense grass; There is a clear spring here, but it is buried under the mud and turned into a poisonous snake. The raccoon has no place to go out. Good trees and evil trees, flowers and poisonous weeds, mixed together, competing to grow wildly. So it is called a desolate land.
Gong Wei came to Yongzhou, and after a month, the state government came to power, and there were not many things. Looking at this land, I feel very unusual. It can make people uproot weeds and dig out sludge. The shoveled grass piled up like a mountain, and the dug spring water was crystal clear. Weeds are burned, clear springs are dredged, and wonders emerge one after another. Exquisite and dirty are separated, and beautiful scenery replaces desolation. Look at those trees, they are handsome and tall, with spreading branches and leaves; Looking at the lake, the microwave ripples and twists and turns. There are many strange rocks, surrounded by them. Some line up, some bow, some stand, some lie down. The cave is winding and deep, and the rocks are abrupt and towering. So a hall was built here as a place to watch and play. All kinds of strange stones adapt to the terrain and offer their skills under the hall. Outside the new church, the plateau is connected with the mountain, and the cliffs at the foot of the mountain covered by trees are staggered, either hidden or present. The green Yuan Ye is from near to far, blending with the blue sky. All this gathered in the guard room.
After the new building was completed, the ambassador invited the guests to visit and then hosted a banquet. Some people praised and congratulated: "When you see this new church, you will know what you think. Don't you just want to form enlightenment according to local customs? Isn't it to eradicate evil trees and poisonous weeds and keep the flowers of good trees, just to eradicate cruelty and protect the benevolent? Dig out the sludge and let the clear water flow, isn't it just to eliminate greed and promote honesty? Don't you want every family to be stable and rich? In this case, is this new hall just built for the pleasure of plants, rocks and clear water, or to enjoy the scenery of mountains, Yuan Ye and forests? I hope that those who govern this country after the monarch can understand the truth of governing the people through this little thing. " Zong Yuan requested that this inscription be engraved on the slate, embedded in the wall, and compiled into a book as a model of French history.
Appreciation of the new museum of Wei Zhijun in Yongzhou describes the process of Wei Zhijun's construction of the new museum and the profound changes before and after, and praises his policy of being far-sighted, conforming to the people's feelings, eliminating cruelty, eliminating corruption, and protecting the virtuous and enriching the people. In fact, these words of praise show Liu Zongyuan's views on how to be a good official, and show that despite the hardships of being relegated, he still adheres to his political reform thoughts and ideals, showing his great political ambitions. First of all, this paper uses the opposite metaphor to introduce this topic; The middle part focuses on the scenery and the last part focuses on praising people. The scenery is meticulous and clear, which lays the groundwork for the following; Praise people gurgling, step by step, sentence by sentence echo, before and after muddy as one. This article is novel in conception and rigorous in structure. The essay is interspersed with Fu style, which is a rare and excellent prose with rich prose, beautiful words, vivid pictures, free and easy language and beautiful rhyme. Jin Shengtan's evaluation of this article is: "strangeness is in the pen, like a strange tree, not a vulgar view." The discussion part also reflects the author's progressive political views. It is even more commendable, and the style of writing is like people. This is what the author himself did.
This article is divided into three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the author indirectly expressed his deep impression on the strange scenery of Yongzhou. Liu Zongyuan, who grew up in Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province), believes that it is difficult to see the strange landscape of cliffs and deep valleys in the suburbs. If it is built by hand, it will be "exhausted". Probably Liu has seen such man-made scenic spots in Chang 'an, knowing that it costs a lot. The wonders of Yongzhou naturally came, which made him sigh, "What used to be difficult is now difficult." This opening paragraph is the basis for expanding the meaning of the whole article. A few short sentences in the paragraph, such as: "The mountains and ravines are steep and exhausting", are concise and concise, showing the author's skill in using words.
In the next paragraph, the author briefly describes the natural landscape where Yongzhou is located: "Yongzhou is only nine doubts." There are rocks here, but they are covered with dense grass; Here is a clear spring, but buried under the mud, it has become a poisonous snake and a beaver that suddenly appears. There are stones, they are trapped in the grass; One spring, it lay on the soil. Where snakes and slugs swim is where raccoons swim. "
Yongzhou in the Tang Dynasty, covering the border area between Hunan and Guangxi provinces, was divided into three counties: Lingling (now Lingling and Dong 'an in Hunan), Qiyang (now Qiyang and Qidong in Hunan) and xiang yuan (now xiang yuan in Guangxi). Yongzhou is located in Lingling, at the northwest foot of Jiuyi Mountain. This area is hilly and mountainous with a mild and humid climate. In the Tang dynasty, it was a sparsely populated and desolate uncivilized area, with mixed grass and stones, mixed soil and water, infested with insects and beasts, and very beautiful natural scenery. However, people at that time didn't seem to appreciate the overly natural place, and they were tired of its disorder and vegetation. Liu's evaluation embodies this aesthetic view: "Maoshu is evil, Jiapa is poisonous to flowers, and it is chaotic and competitive." It is called a dirty market. " There are evil trees in the lush trees, and poisonous flowers in the gorgeous flowers and plants. Good and bad are intermingled, and good and evil are inseparable. This is really not a fresh and clean place. Here, Liu Zongyuan's scenery contains a deeper meaning, implying his contempt for state affairs and his love and hate for life, which is the finishing touch. Fortunately, the new secretariat, Gong Wei, realized the value of the "new hall". "Look at its position, it is different. At the beginning, I was stupid and painted it. " From here, the new church developed. Gong Wei not only knew, but also took action to mobilize manpower to repair, improve the environment according to people's aesthetics, and make the natural landscape look brand-new and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, "clear turbidity distinguishes quality, and beauty and evil are different." Although all the reformers in the Tang Dynasty were unlucky and ill-fated, Liu Zongyuan always had a beautiful yearning for his political ambitions and a desire to realize them. Therefore, here in this article, I borrow the "cleanliness and beauty" of the "new church" and look forward to the political ideal of the reformists. After the governance of the "new church", Liu made a description:
"Loki news, around the corner. Or column or kneeling, or standing or servant, Joe suddenly, pile mound sudden anger. All the grotesque rocks adapted to the terrain and performed under the hall. Outside the new museum, the plateau is connected with mountains, and the forest covered at the foot of the cliff is interlaced, either hidden or present. The plateau outside the mountain, the cliff at the foot of the forest, the toilet is hidden, the wild sky is far away, and the salt must be outside the door. " The whole narrative properly uses anthropomorphic and figurative scenery writing techniques, and expresses the new idea of a beautiful scene from the inside out and from near to far. The text is short and powerful, which summarizes Liu Zongyuan's language style.
In the above two paragraphs, first of all, I lamented the ingenuity of natural beauty and questioned the disharmony of natural beauty. From things to the world, from things to people, it can be seen that before I started writing, I had a good idea, first promoting and then restraining, and then making a breakthrough, expressing the true meaning of Liu Zongyuan's scenery writing.
In the last paragraph, Liu Zongyuan took the opportunity to express himself, drawing association from Gong Wei and expressing his feudal thought of good governance and benefiting the people: "If the public wins because of the soil, won't it be achieved because of the customs?" Don't people choose evil for beauty, just to abolish the disabled and help the benevolent? If the public is turbid, isn't it necessary to get rid of greed and establish honesty? If the public thinks highly, don't you want to know at home? "
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), a native of Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was an outstanding poet, philosopher, Confucian scholar and even an outstanding politician, and was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. His masterpieces include more than 600 pieces such as Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, which were compiled into 30 volumes by later generations and named "Liuhe East Collection". Because he was from Hedong, he was called Liu Liuzhou, and because he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were both leaders of the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty, also known as "Liu Han". In the cultural history of China, his achievements in poetry and literature are outstanding, which can be said to be inseparable. liu zongyuan
Su Qin began to tell Lian Heng that King Hui of Qin said: "The kingdom of Qi has the benefits of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong in the west, Hu for horses in the north, Wushan and Qianzhong in the south, and solid grain and trust in the east. Rich and beautiful land, rich people, thousands of chariots and thousands of miles of fields, rich accumulation and convenient terrain. This is called Tianfu, and it is also a country in the world. With the sage of the king, the public of the gentry, the use of cycling and the teaching of the art of war, we can merge the princes, swallow the world and rule for the emperor. I hope your majesty will pay less attention and please play its role. " The king of Qin said, "I heard that those who are not full of wings should not soar, those who cannot write articles should not be punished, those who are immoral should not make people angry, and those who do not follow politics and religion should not disturb ministers." Teacher Jin seems to be teaching him thousands of miles away, and he is willing to take a different day. " Su Qin said, "I doubt that the king can use it. In the past, Shennong cut deer to make up for it, while Huangdi cut zhuolu and birds Chiyou, Yao cut pocket, Shun cut three seedlings, Yu cut * * * workers, Tang cut summer, worship and Zhou cut, striving for the world. From this perspective, is there anyone who doesn't crack down on evil? The ancients made the hub of the car hit chi, and the words tied together, and the world was a family. About leaving Lian Heng, soldiers don't hide. It is unreasonable that the scribes merged, the princes were in chaos, and everything began. Rules are well prepared, people are fake, books are thick mud, and people are insufficient. People care about each other, have nothing to say, speak clearly, and there are more and more soldiers. Argument is eloquent, war is endless, words are numerous, and the world is hopeless. Tongue disadvantages deaf, unsuccessful, honest, the world is not close. Therefore, it is better to go to the battlefield to heal the wounded and rescue the dying and equip the armor. Husband and wife are in the land of profit, sitting comfortably. Although Wu Bo, the five emperors and three kings in ancient times, was wise and often wanted to sit down and do things, they could not. Therefore, if the war continues, the two armies will attack each other, and the staff and halberd will be defeated each other, and then they can make great achievements. Therefore, the soldiers are superior outside, the righteousness is stronger than themselves, the prestige is superior, and the people are inferior. Today, you must be a soldier if you want to conquer the world. If you don't inherit the master today, you will suddenly be fascinated, confused, confused, and drowned. From this point of view, Wang Gu cannot do it. " It is said that the book of the king of Qin is ten times, but it is not enough. Sable hair is rotten and gold is exhausted. Going to Qin and returning is a shame and a burden for books. When I get home, my wife can't stay and my sister-in-law can't cook. Parents don't talk to each other. Su Qin sighed: "My wife doesn't treat me as a husband, my sister-in-law doesn't treat me as an uncle, and my parents don't treat me as a son. This is the sin of the Qin Dynasty." It was the night when the book was published, and dozens of Chen Zuo got the idea of Taigong Yin Fu and bent down to recite it, thinking it concisely. He was sleepy after reading a book, so he pricked himself with a cone and blood flowed to his feet. He said: "Ann said that a person is the master of his own house, but he can't show his wealth. So who will win the respect of a young man?" By the end of the year, I figured it out and said, "This really can be said to be the king of the world." So, Mo gathered in the pavilion. When he saw the prince of Zhao under the luxurious house, he held out his palm and spoke. Zhao Wang was very happy and named him Wu Anjun. The sealed person took a hundred times in a leather cart, which was splendid and pure, with a hundred pairs of white knives and overflowing gold, so he followed it and crossed it from scattered places to suppress it. Therefore, Su Qin and Zhao could not communicate. At this time, the world is big, all the people, the power of governors, the power of counselors, all want to decide Su Qin's strategy. I have never bothered a soldier, I have never fought a soldier, I have never broken a string, I have never broken an arrow, and all my ministers are blind. A wise man serves the world, and a man serves the world. Therefore, the style is not brave in politics; Type the corridor temple, not outside the four boundaries. When Qin zhilong was in the dragon's reign, Jin Yi made use of it, turned to the hub to ride, dazzled the road, and the country of Shandong listened to orders and made Zhao Dazhong. And her husband, Su Qin, is a scholar who digs doors in poor rural areas, and is famous all over the world for his poems. The court said that the mouths of princes and Du Zuo were beyond the reach of the world. Will say the king of Chu, passing by Luoyang, parents heard that the Qing palace was cleared, Zhang Le set up wine, and the suburbs would be three miles. The wife looked askance and listened. Sister-in-law snake prostrate, four worship since kneeling. Su Qin said, "Why should Sister-in-law be humble?" Sister-in-law said, "The position of respecting the season is even more golden." Su Qin said, "Wow! Poverty makes parents childless, and wealth scares relatives. In the world of life, the position is rich, but what about the cover? " -anonymous in the pre-Qin dynasty "Su Qin said Qin with Lian Heng" and Su Qin said Qin with Lian Heng.
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
Su Qin began to tell Lian Heng that King Hui of Qin said: "The kingdom of Qi has the benefits of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong in the west, Hu for horses in the north, Wushan and Qianzhong in the south, and solid grain and trust in the east. Rich and beautiful land, rich people, thousands of chariots and thousands of miles of fields, rich accumulation and convenient terrain. This is called Tianfu, and it is also a country in the world. With the sage of the king, the public of the gentry, the use of cycling and the teaching of the art of war, we can merge the princes, swallow the world and rule for the emperor. May the king not care too much.
Read the full text ∨ Su Qin began to tell King Hui of Lian Heng: "A king's kingdom has Ba, Shu and Hanzhong in the west, Hu Xun and Ma Dai in the north, Wushan and Guizhou in the south, and food and sustenance in the east. Rich and beautiful land, rich people, thousands of chariots and thousands of miles of fields, rich accumulation and convenient terrain. This is called Tianfu, and it is also a country in the world. With the sage of the king, the public of the gentry, the use of cycling and the teaching of the art of war, we can merge the princes, swallow the world and rule for the emperor. I hope your majesty will pay less attention and please play its role. "
The king of Qin said, "I heard that those who are not full of wings should not soar, those who cannot write articles should not be punished, those who are immoral should not make people angry, and those who do not follow politics and religion should not disturb ministers." Teacher Jin seems to be teaching him thousands of miles away, and he is willing to take a different day. "
Su Qin said, "I doubt that the king can use it. In the past, Shennong cut deer to make up for it, while Huangdi cut zhuolu and birds Chiyou, Yao cut pocket, Shun cut three seedlings, Yu cut * * * workers, Tang cut summer, worship and Zhou cut, striving for the world. From this perspective, is there anyone who doesn't crack down on evil? The ancients made the hub of the car hit chi, and the words tied together, and the world was a family. About leaving Lian Heng, soldiers don't hide. It is unreasonable that the scribes merged, the princes were in chaos, and everything began. Rules are prepared, people are fake, books are thick and turbid, and people are insufficient. People care about each other, have nothing to say, speak clearly, and there are more and more soldiers. Argument is eloquent, war is endless, words are numerous, and the world is hopeless. Tongue disadvantages deaf, unsuccessful, honest, the world is not close. Therefore, it is better to go to the battlefield to heal the wounded and rescue the dying and equip the armor. Husband and wife are in the land of profit, sitting comfortably. Although Wu Bo, the five emperors and three kings in ancient times, was wise and often wanted to sit down and do things, they could not. Therefore, if the war continues, the two armies will attack each other, and the staff and halberd will be defeated each other, and then they can make great achievements. Therefore, the soldiers are superior outside, the righteousness is stronger than themselves, the prestige is superior, and the people are inferior. Today, you must be a soldier if you want to conquer the world. If you don't inherit the master today, you will suddenly be fascinated, confused, confused, and drowned. From this point of view, Wang Gu cannot do it. "
It is said that the book of the king of Qin is ten times, but it is not enough. Sable hair is rotten and gold is exhausted. Going to Qin and returning is a shame and a burden for books. When I get home, my wife can't stay and my sister-in-law can't cook. Parents don't talk to each other. Su Qin sighed: "My wife doesn't treat me as a husband, my sister-in-law doesn't treat me as an uncle, and my parents don't treat me as a son. This is the sin of the Qin Dynasty." It was the night when the book was published, and dozens of Chen Zuo got the idea of Taigong Yin Fu and bent down to recite it, thinking it concisely. He was sleepy after reading a book, so he pricked himself with a cone and blood flowed to his feet. He said: "Ann said that a person is the master of his own house, but he can't show his wealth. So who will win the respect of a young man?" By the end of the year, I figured it out and said, "This really can be said to be the king of the world."
So, Mo gathered in the pavilion. When he saw the prince of Zhao under the luxurious house, he held out his palm and spoke. Zhao Wang was very happy and named him Wu Anjun. The sealed person took a hundred times in a leather cart, which was splendid and pure, with a hundred pairs of white knives and overflowing gold, so he followed it and crossed it from scattered places to suppress it. Therefore, Su Qin and Zhao could not communicate.
At this time, the world is big, all the people, the power of governors, the power of counselors, all want to decide Su Qin's strategy. I have never bothered a soldier, I have never fought a soldier, I have never broken a string, I have never broken an arrow, and all my ministers are blind. A wise man serves the world, and a man serves the world. Therefore, the style is not brave in politics; Type the corridor temple, not outside the four boundaries. When Qin zhilong was in the dragon's reign, Jin Yi made use of it, turned to the hub to ride, dazzled the road, and the country of Shandong listened to orders and made Zhao Dazhong. And her husband, Su Qin, is a scholar who digs doors in poor lanes, and Fourier holds the title, which is well known all over the world. The court said that the mouths of princes and Du Zuo were beyond the reach of the world.
From the perspective of ancient Chinese prose, the story writer is in a country where officials and people have been in chaos since ancient times, and its source is deeper than the female disaster. Women, sex, and officials all come to an end. Cover its use, but also close to learning, but also for the concentration and patience of the heart. We can help people with a little kindness and strengthen people's hearts with a little faith, so that people will believe and kiss. When it believes, hold it again and be afraid of being bad. Although there is a loyal minister listed in the court, the master thinks that he is alienated from himself and can rely on his relatives without food and shelter. Therefore, the left and right people are getting closer, the loyal subjects and masters are getting sparse, and people tend to be increasingly lonely. If you are lonely, you will be more and more afraid of disasters, and those who hold disasters will feel more and more secure. Safety shows its joys and sorrows, and disasters are hidden in the dark and can be relied on, so it is difficult. I feel that I am suffering from it and want to be close to the alienated minister. If I am slow, I will raise my troubles and benefit from them. If I am in a hurry, I will take others as my quality. Although wise, you can't work with it. If you do one thing, you can't do it. You can't do it if you do it. If you do, you will lose both sides. Therefore, the greatest destruction, the second destruction, so that traitors can get up, identify its type, and kill the world. The disasters of officials recorded in previous history are often like this, and they are not the same. The husband is the master, but he doesn't want to make trouble at home. Instead, he is loyal to the minister and master at home and covers up his accumulation. It is logical. The confusion of women and men is unfortunate but not enlightened, but a disaster. Make it come true, but it is also possible to leave. Although the official wanted to repent of his evil deeds, he had no choice but to let it go. Tang Zhaozong's affair is over. Therefore, it is said that "it is deeper than the female disaster." Do not quit? -Ouyang Xiu's Biography of Eunuchs in the Five Dynasties in the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty: Ouyang Xiu
Since ancient times, the root of the country with chaotic officials is deeper than the female disaster. Women, sex, and officials all come to an end.
Cover its use, but also close to learning, but also for the concentration and patience of the heart. We can help people with a little kindness and strengthen people's hearts with a little faith, so that people will believe and kiss. When it believes, hold it again and be afraid of being bad. Although there is a loyal minister listed in the court, the master thinks that he is alienated from himself and can rely on his relatives without food and shelter. So before and after.
Read the full text ∨ Since ancient times, the root of the country where officials are in chaos is deeper than the female disaster. Women, sex, and officials all come to an end.
Cover its use, but also close to learning, but also for the concentration and patience of the heart. We can help people with a little kindness and strengthen people's hearts with a little faith, so that people will believe and kiss. When it believes, hold it again and be afraid of being bad. Although there is a loyal minister listed in the court, the master thinks that he is alienated from himself and can rely on his relatives without food and shelter. Therefore, the left and right people are getting closer, the loyal subjects and masters are getting sparse, and people tend to be increasingly lonely. If you are lonely, you will be more and more afraid of disasters, and those who hold disasters will feel more and more secure. Safety shows its joys and sorrows, and disasters are hidden in the dark and can be relied on, so it is difficult. I feel that I am suffering from it and want to be close to the alienated minister. If I am slow, I will raise my troubles and benefit from them. If I am in a hurry, I will take others as my quality. Although wise, you can't work with it. If you do one thing, you can't do it. You can't do it if you do it. If you do, you will lose both sides. Therefore, the greatest destruction, the second destruction, so that traitors can get up, identify its type, and kill the world. The disasters of officials recorded in previous history are often like this, and they are not the same.
Preface to Biography of Ancient Chinese Literature Cui Wuzi saw Tang Jiangmei and took it. Zhuang Gong knows everything. Cui Zi killed it. Yan Zi stood outside Cui Shi. The man said, "Death?" Yue: "If a person is fine, I will die?" Say, "okay?" Yue: "I am guilty, am I dead?" Say, "What?" Yue: "You come back safely when you die? Who is the monarch, who is a citizen, how can it be a mausoleum, how can it be a citizen? The country is the Lord. Is it true that I am the monarch? The state has to support it. Therefore, if you die for your country, you will die; If you die for your country, you will die. Die for yourself, die for yourself, who dares to let go, unless it's personal? I have a monarch. How can I die if I kill him? How could you die? Where will Yong go? " The door opened and I cried with the body in my arms. Xing, three come out. People called Cui Zi: "It must be killed." Cui Zi said, "The hope of the people is also the hope of the people." -Pre-Qin Zuo Qiuming's "Death is Hard to Die".
Pre-Qin: Zuo Qiuming
Cui Wuzi saw that Tang Jiang was beautiful and accepted it. Zhuang Gong knows everything. Cui Zi killed it.
Yan Zi stood outside Cui Shi. The man said, "Death?" Yue: "If a person is fine, I will die?" Say, "okay?" Yue: "I am guilty, am I dead?" Say, "What?" Yue: "You come back safely when you die? Who is the monarch, who is a citizen, how can it be a mausoleum, how can it be a citizen? The country is the Lord. Is it true that I am the monarch? The state has to support it. So if you die for your country, you will die.
Read the full text ∨ Cui Wuzi saw Tang Jiang's beauty and took it. Zhuang Gong knows everything. Cui Zi killed it.
The view of ancient prose stops, and history and stories contain logic.