Leshan Giant Buddha, also known as Lingyun Giant Buddha, is located on the side of Lingyun Temple on the east bank of Minjiang River in Leshan, Sichuan, near the intersection of Dadu River, Qingyi River and Minjiang River. The giant Buddha is a seated statue of Maitreya, with a height of 7 1 m, and it is the largest cliff stone statue in China.
Leshan Giant Buddha was excavated in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (7 13) and completed in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), which lasted about 90 years. The Giant Buddha is composed of Leshan Giant Buddha, Lingyun Mountain, Una, reclining Buddha and other scenic spots, belonging to the national 5A-level tourist attractions. 20 18 10 8. The nine-bend plank road of the Giant Buddha has been fenced and isolated before construction.
Construction history:
Guleshan, where the three rivers meet, Minjiang River, Qingyijiang River and Dadu River meet at the foot of Lingyun Mountain. The water is quite fierce, and the boat series is often subverted. Every summer flood, the river will hit the mountain wall, which often leads to the tragedy of shipwrecks and deaths. Haitong Zen master initiated it to reduce the water potential and benefit all beings, and recruited manpower and material resources to repair it.
The construction of the Buddha statue began in the early kaiyuan year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). When the Buddha reaches the shoulder, the monk Haitong dies. After Haitong's death, the project was once interrupted. Many years later, Zhang Qiu and Joan, the messengers of Jian Xichuan, donated money, and Haitong's apprentice led craftsmen to continue to build the Giant Buddha. Due to the huge project, the court ordered the payment of hemp salt tax, which made the project progress rapidly.
When the Leshan Giant Buddha was repaired to the knee, the builders Zhang Qiu and Joan moved home to be the ministers of the Ministry of Housing, and the project stopped again. Forty years later, Wei Gao, the messenger of Jianchuan, donated money to continue the construction of Leshan Giant Buddha. After the efforts of three generations of craftsmen, it was completed in 90 years in the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong (AD 803).
Buddha structure:
1, basic appearance
The head of Leshan Giant Buddha is flush with the mountain, stepping on the river, touching his knees with his hands, and the Buddha's posture is symmetrical and solemn, sitting on the river near the mountain. The giant Buddha is 7 1m high, 14.7m high, 10m wide,102/bun, 7m long ears, 5.6m long nose, 5.6m long eyebrows, 3.3m long mouth and eyes, 3m high neck and 23m wide shoulders.
On the cliffs along the river on the left and right sides of the giant Buddha, there are two stone carvings of the protector king, which are as high as 16 meters, and together with the giant Buddha, they form the pattern of one Buddha and two kings. There are also hundreds of Buddhist niches and thousands of stone statues of heavenly kings, which are now gathered into a huge Buddhist stone carving art group. On the left side of the giant Buddha, along the "cave sky" is the starting point of Lingyun plank road excavated in modern times, with a total length of nearly 500 meters.
On the right is the Jiuqu plank road, the building and sacrificial passage left by the excavation of the Great Buddha in the Tang Dynasty. After the Buddha statue is carved, there are seven pavilions (nine or thirteen floors), called "Giant Buddha Pavilion" and "Elephant Pavilion". The Buddha Pavilion was built and destroyed repeatedly, and the "Lingyun Pavilion" and "Tianning Pavilion" were rebuilt in the Song Dynasty. Humboldt Pavilion was built in Yuan Dynasty; The "Buddha shed" was built in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, and the "Buddha pavilion" was built in the Qing Dynasty and was finally destroyed.
2, the stone curls
There are 105 1 buns on the top of the giant Buddha, which are counted with chalk when 1962 is in maintenance. From a distance, the bun is integrated with the head, but in fact it is embedded with stones one by one. The exposed part of the root of a single bun has obvious splicing cracks and no mortar bonding. The surface of the bun is plastered with two layers, the inner layer is lime, and the thickness of each layer is 5-15 mm. During the maintenance period of 199 1 year, three snail stones were found in the depression of the Buddha's right leg, of which two were relatively complete, 78 cm long, 3 1.5×3 1.5 cm at the top and 24×24 cm at the root.
3. Wooden ears
There is a hole about 25 cm deep inside the root of the earlobe of the right ear of the giant Buddha. Maintenance workers take out many broken objects from the hole and carefully examine the decaying wood mud. This confirms Fan Chengda's record in Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty that "the Buddha statue in the world is big, but its ears are still wooden". So there are three pieces of wood exposed inside, and the finished glyph is formed. It shows that the protruding bridge of the nose is also lined with wood and decorated with hammer ash. However, it is impossible to verify whether this was the case when Zhenyuan was completed in 19 years, and whether this technology was adopted by future generations to repair it.
4. Drainage system
Leshan Giant Buddha has a very ingenious drainage system. There is a cleverly designed and concealed drainage system behind the ear and head of Leshan Giant Buddha, which plays an important role in protecting the Buddha. So that the Buddha statue will not be eroded by rain. Wang Shizhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about Leshan Giant Buddha, "Spring flows in a bun from ancient Buddha".
In the bun on the * * *18th floor above the head of the Giant Buddha, there is a horizontal drainage ditch on the 4th, 9th and18th floors respectively, which is decorated with hammer ash, so it can't be seen from afar. Collar and garment line also have pleated drainage ditch, and there is a left-handed disassembled face ditch in the front chest, which is connected with the back ditch of the right arm. Behind the ear, near the cliff, there is a cave with a length of 9. 15m, a width of1.25m and a height of 3.38m; There are two holes at both ends of the chest and back, which are not connected with each other. Right hole depth 16.5m, width 0.95m, height 1.35m, left hole depth 8. 1m, width 0.95m, height1.1m.
These wonderful ditches and caves constitute a scientific drainage, moisture-proof and ventilation system, which has played an important role in protecting the giant Buddha and preventing erosive weathering for thousands of years. Due to the confluence of mountain springs, calcareous compounds with a thickness of about 5- 10 cm are condensed on the inner cliff walls of the two caves, while the cliff walls on the Buddha's body side are still red sand and relatively dry.
Two caves, the walls of which are separated from each other are wet, and there is water at the bottom, and water keeps trickling out of the caves, so the chest of the giant Buddha is about 2 meters wide. Obviously, this is because the hole has not been penetrated. I wonder why the builder didn't get through.
5. Chest tablet
According to Huang and Luo Hengheng, the person in charge of 1962 maintenance, a closed hidden hole was found in the chest of the giant Buddha. When I opened the hole, I saw it was full of scrap iron, worn lead skin, bricks and so on. In fact, Fengmen Stone is a chronicle of the reconstruction of Tianning Pavilion in Song Dynasty. After the completion of the Great Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, a wooden pavilion was built to protect it from the sun and rain.
Judging from the numerous column bases and pile holes left by the knees, legs, arms, chest and instep of the giant Buddha, it is obvious that there used to be a giant Buddha pavilion here. Rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Tianning Pavilion" and was later destroyed. But I don't know when and for what reason, the Tianning Pavilion Chronicle Monument Tang was embedded in the Buddha's chest. Maintenance personnel moved the monument to Haitong Cave for preservation, but it was destroyed in 1966.
Extended data:
Design features:
Leshan Giant Buddha has a set of cleverly designed and concealed drainage system, which plays an important role in protecting the giant Buddha. In the bun of *** 18 on the head of the giant Buddha, there is a horizontal drainage ditch on the 4th, 9th and 18 floors respectively, and there is a ditch on the right chest to the left to connect with the ditch on the back of the right arm.
Behind the ear, near the cliff, there are caves connected left and right; There is a hole at each end of the chest and back, but they don't drill through each other. These ditches and caves form a scientific drainage, moisture-proof and ventilation system to prevent the erosive weathering of the giant Buddha.
You can directly reach the bottom of the giant Buddha along the prismatic cloud plank road on the left side of the giant Buddha. Look up at the giant Buddha here and you will feel the height of the sky. There is a nine-curve ancient plank road on the right side of the statue. The plank road was dug along the right cliff of the Buddha statue, which was extremely steep and tortuous for nine times before reaching the top of the plank road.
This is the right side of the giant Buddha's head, which is the top of Lingyun Mountain. Here you can see the carving art of the giant Buddha's head. There are 105 1 hairs on the top of the giant Buddha. From a distance, the bun is integrated with the head, but in fact it is embedded with stones one by one.
There is a hole about 25 cm deep inside the root of the lobe of the right ear of the giant Buddha, and the Buddha's ear is 7 meters long. It is not made of original rock, but made of wooden columns and decorated with hammer ash. A hole was also found at the lower end of the Buddha's nose, revealing three pieces of wood and a finished glyph. It shows that the protruding bridge of the nose is also lined with wood and decorated with hammer ash.
There is a closed hidden hole in the chest of the giant Buddha. Fengmen Stone is a chronicle of the reconstruction of Tianning Pavilion in Song Dynasty. The hole is filled with scrap iron, worn lead skin, bricks, etc. It is said that after the completion of the Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, a wooden pavilion was built to protect it from the sun and rain.
From the many pillars and pile holes left on the edge, legs, arms, chest and instep of the giant Buddha, it can be clearly seen that there was once a giant Buddha pavilion. Rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Tianning Pavilion" and was later destroyed. Defenders moved the monument to Shihai Cave for preservation, but it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.
Religious connotation:
Leshan Giant Buddha is Maitreya Buddha. Worship Maitreya in Tang Dynasty. Buddhist scriptures say that Maitreya will be "peaceful in the world" when he is born. During the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Wu Zetian ordered the fabrication of the Great Cloud Sutra to prove that she was the reincarnation of Maitreya. In the feudal era when men were superior to women, people's worship of Maitreya helped her ascend to the throne.
Because of Wu Zetian's vigorous advocacy, the wind of sculpting Maitreya Buddha swept the country. The construction of Leshan Giant Buddha was only more than 20 years from the time of Wu Zetian, so when Haitong built Leshan Giant Buddha, he naturally chose Maitreya Buddha, which is a future Buddha that can bring light and happiness, which is consistent with the requirements of Zhenjiang Giant Buddha to quell floods.
Great changes have taken place in the Buddhist culture of Han Dynasty in China. The first stage is the introduction of Jiao Jiao Maitreya from India to China. The second stage is the ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics"; The third stage is Maitreya. Leshan Giant Buddha is an ancient Buddha Maitreya with "China characteristics".
According to the description in the Maitreya Sutra, Maitreya has "thirty-two phases and eighty kinds of goodness", which requires his facial features, head, hands, feet and body to be different from ordinary people. The overall shape of Leshan Giant Buddha is extraordinary. The bun on the head, broad shoulders, tall and long eyebrows and round nostrils are all "broad shoulders and thin waist" of Indian Buddha statues built in accordance with Buddhist classics. There is nothing left on the giant Buddha, only strong shoulders and full breasts, which embodies the fashion of advocating fat beauty in Tang Dynasty.
The posture of Leshan Giant Buddha is that his feet droop naturally, which is different from the "knotting" posture of Indian Buddha statues because the giant Buddha was built to save water. This steady and steady sitting posture can give boatmen the courage and determination to overcome rapids and dangerous beaches.
Maitreya Buddha Maitreya Buddha is based on the image of a monk named Qi Ben in China during the Five Dynasties. This is from Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province. He is charitable and can predict the weather and people's good and bad luck. He often begs around with a cloth bag. Before his death, he once said, "Maitreya Buddha is really Maitreya Buddha, incarnating tens of billions, which often shows the world and the world doesn't know." So everyone thinks that he is the incarnation of Maitreya, and Maitreya in the temple has also shaped his image-a cloth-bag monk with a big smile and a big belly.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Leshan giant Buddha
Introduction of tourist attractions in Putuo Mountain on May 1 ST
The flowers in spring have withered, the solstice in summer is gone, and May Day is coming soon. Mount Putuo has always been a popular tourist destination. Let's take a look at some interesting scenic spots in Putuo Mountain on May 1st.
Introduction of tourist attractions in Putuo Mountain on May 1 ST
Qianbusha
Qianbusha is located on the east bank of Putuo Mountain, starting from Jibaoling in the south and reaching Wanghaige in the northeast. On the east side of Putuo Mountain, a highway along the mountain is called Yutang Street, with a thousand steps of sand on the right coast and a hundred steps of sand at Chaoyangmen in the south. A thousand steps of sand is named for its length of nearly a thousand steps. It is about1750m long from the northern foot of Kibaoling to Wanghai, which is called Qianbusha and is the largest beach on Putuo Mountain.
Opening hours: 8:00~ 17:00?
Address: Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province
Baibusha
Baibu Shasha has pure sand and beautiful beach shape. Due to the narrow beach surface and the influence of tidal current and orientation, the seawater here is particularly docile. Hu Shaojia, a native of Hangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Hundred Steps of Sand": "The sand in front of the Prince's Building is scattered like the sunset. So far, the stone is rolling without any flaws. " Before a hundred steps of sand, the sea is vast and the beach is wide and flat. There is a small slope extending into the sea in the middle of the beach, and a small and exquisite pavilion-the famous stone pavilion is built on the slope. In addition, the Liuguan Pavilion at the northern end is a good place for tourists to watch the sunrise, listen to the tides and soak in the sea breeze. On summer nights, the sea breeze blows gently and the chill attacks people. Tourists come here for a leisurely walk to enjoy the cool.
Opening hours: all day?
Address: Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province
Xinshi
Heart stone is located at the bottom of Xitianmen, with a width of about 300 square meters. It is round and smooth, with a huge "heart" engraved on it. This word is 5 meters long, 7 meters wide and nearly 50 meters outside. The center can accommodate 89 people sitting together, and the whole word can accommodate nearly 100 people to meditate. It is really "broad-minded" and the largest stone carving in Putuo Mountain. It is said that avalokitesvara once said the Heart Sutra on this stone. Buddhists attach great importance to spiritual cultivation. When people go to Mount Putuo to worship Buddha, they all like to touch the heart stone, or touch the heart edge, or sit on the heart edge and take pictures as a souvenir, as a symbol of Buddha's sincerity or human friendship. A poem "Heart-shaped Stone" said: "The seamount is a wonder of the Western Heaven, with the word" red heart "shining brightly. Constantly doing merit in the world is to be a Buddha.
Opening hours: 8:00- 18:00?
Address: Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province
Fodingshan
It is a famous scenic spot of Mount Putuo. Some people say that "if you don't go to Foding Mountain, you haven't been to Putuo Mountain". There are several scenic spots on Foding Mountain, such as Huiji Temple, Haitian Buddha Cliff, Yunfu Stone, Bodhisattva Peak, Goose Carpet and Foding Mountain Cableway. It is a tradition and custom of Buddhism in Putuo Mountain to worship Buddha at the top of the mountain. Every year on February 19th, June 19th and September 19th of the lunar calendar, Buddhist disciples from all over the country worship Buddha at the top of the mountain in three steps, in order to respect avalokitesvara. The main peak of Foding Mountain is Baihua Peak, also known as Bodhisattva Peak, which is the highest peak of Putuo Mountain.
Opening hours: 8:00- 18:00.
Address: Putuo Mountain Scenic Area
Er GUI ting fa Shi
Located on the cliff at the lower end of the fifty-three ginseng stone in the west of Pantuo Stone. There are two stones that look like turtles. A turtle crouches at the top of the cliff and looks back as if waiting. The other turtle's kerb stood upright, her head held high, her neck stretched out, her fascia exposed, and she looked anxious. The shapes of the two turtles are very vivid, which amazes tourists. According to legend, the two turtles were asked by the Dragon King to inquire about the story of Guanyin Bodhisattva, but they were fascinated by it and forgot to return, and were turned to stone by Guanyin Bodhisattva. There is also a legend that these two turtles were originally a female and a male. Because of their close relationship, they winked at each other while listening to Buddhism, so they were punished as stone turtles, which served as a warning to those who were not sincere in their practice.
Opening hours: 8:00- 18:00?
Address: Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province
Guanyin ancient cave
Guanyin Ancient Cave is located on the stone side of Ying Ge after Meiling of Putuo Mountain in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. It was originally a natural cave with no hall and only a few plum trees, so it is also called "Gu Meiling". There are many rocks at the top of the cave, and camphor trees cover the sky. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a monk began to live here. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Zen master Faze opened a buddhist nun in order to be the founder of the mountain. Daoguang Room was built in Hainan.
Opening hours: 8:00- 18:00.
Address: Putuo Mountain Scenic Area, Putuo District, Zhoushan
What mountain attractions does the Buddha have? Which place is worth going?
The scenic spots with buddhas on the mountain include Qianfo Mountain, Leshan Giant Buddha, Putuo Mountain and Sanqing Mountain. Leshan Giant Buddha has the largest cliff stone statue in China, which is worth visiting!
Leshan Giant Buddha is famous all over the world. CCTV once broadcast a documentary which introduced the past life, Tao Tao and magnificent pictures of Leshan Giant Buddha.
Leshan Giant Buddha, located in Leshan City, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province and an ancient history. Historically, it once belonged to the ancient Shu kingdom and has the reputation of "Haitang Fragrant Country".
The Buddha statue is Maitreya, with a height of 7 1 m. It is the largest cliff stone statue in China. The giant Buddha was drilled on the west wall of Lingyun Mountain, facing east and west. It is huge and tall, symmetrical, dignified and serene, with both form and spirit, which is amazing.
The head width 10 meter, nose length 5.6 meters, ear length 7 meters, eyebrow length 5.6 meters, eye length 3.3 meters, mouth length 3.3 meters, shoulder width 28 meters, instep height 28 meters to the knee, and instep width alone is 8.5 meters. 100 people can sit around barefoot and enjoy "the mountain is Buddha." How spectacular this image is!
The giant Buddha is tall and majestic, dignified and steady, with his head flush with the mountain, his feet on the river, his hands touching his knees, his posture symmetrical and his divine potential solemn. Sitting on the river by the mountain, it is full of dangers. What a Maitreya Buddha!
This scenic spot in Sichuan is very suitable for taking parents. You can burn incense and worship Buddha, and it is also very healthy. Which scenic spot is it?
I believe everyone has recently felt the breath of spring, with comfortable temperature and warm spring in bloom. Every season, many people begin to plan a spring outing, and the beauty of spring is often praised by people. A year's plan lies in spring, and beautiful spring scenery is naturally the most unbearable. When we plan to go out for a spring outing, don't forget to bring our parents. You know, time flies. With the continuous growth, we spend less and less time with our parents. We should take them out for a walk and spend as much time as possible.
If you take your parents out in spring, which scenic spots are better to go to? This scenic spot introduced to you today is very suitable for punching in for a spring outing with parents. It is Qingcheng Mountain in Chengdu, Sichuan. Qingcheng Mountain is also well-known in China. Since ancient times, it has been one of the four famous Taoist mountains and one of the five fairy mountains in China, with beautiful scenery and evergreen seasons, which is worthy of the name.
Qingcheng Mountain Scenic Area can be divided into two parts: the front mountain and the back mountain. Most of the scenic spots and cultural relics are located in Qianshan Mountain. Visiting Qingcheng Mountain is climbing the mountain. Maybe many people worry that their parents are old and climbing mountains is not difficult for them. In fact, this can be considered according to their physical fitness. Parents with good physical conditions can choose to climb mountains on foot. If they find it too difficult to climb the mountain, they can also take the cableway.
Why do many elderly people prefer Qingcheng Mountain? Especially in spring, the temperature is comfortable, and the flowers and plants all over the mountains are green and full of vitality. Besides, you can burn incense and worship Buddha when you visit here. There is a festival for the elderly in Qingcheng Mountain, and there is a large-scale performance of Qingcheng Old People's Longevity and Taiji Health Boxing. Come here to play and relax in the natural atmosphere.
Laojun Pavilion in Qingcheng Mountain is located on Xiao Lao Peak, the highest elevation, at an altitude of1260m. Many people will climb to Laojun Pavilion when they visit Qingcheng Mountain. Here, you can enjoy the hundred-mile scenery and beautiful scenery of Minqiong and Pingchuan.
Qingcheng Mountain is known as "Qingcheng Mountain is quiet in the world". The vegetation here is dense, and many of them are evergreen plants, so the air here is very fresh and it is also a good place for fitness. Here, with beautiful water, secluded forests and majestic mountains, it is a good place to punch in for a spring outing.