After Qianlong, the Qing dynasty gradually declined and the Qing government became increasingly corrupt. Western countries began to covet China. From the end of 18 to the beginning of 19, Britain smuggled a lot of opium into China. Lin Zexu, the minister who insisted on smoking ban in Qing Dynasty, arrived in Guangzhou on 1839, and collected more than 20,000 boxes of opium, weighing more than 2.376 million kilograms. All of them were destroyed in Humen Beach from June 3 to 25. At the same time, there are [GU M: N Tian Pei], 1 1 battery and more than 300 cannons actively deployed in Humen battery in Dongguan [GU M: N 〔guǎn] county. However, the corrupt Qing government dismissed Lin Zexu for investigation. 184165438+1On October 7th, Charles Elliot, the British commercial supervisor in China, sent troops to attack the Pearl River Estuary Reef and Shajiao Fort, and the garrison commander Chen Liansheng died heroically. Qi Shan, the minister of the Qing Dynasty who advocated surrender, privately demanded surrender from Yi Law, and promised to cede Hong Kong, open Guangzhou and pay for cigarettes. Daoguang Emperor also felt that the compensation for lost land seriously damaged the prestige of the Qing Dynasty and ordered a declaration of war against Britain. On February 25th, Yi Fa led 18 warship to attack Humen Fort. Guan Tianpei took the lead in the desperate World War I and repelled the British many times, but he couldn't wait for reinforcements. Persevere until the evening, because of being outnumbered, Guan Tianpei and all the more than 400 people died heroically. At present, there is a "righteous tomb" on the Humen fort, where some soldiers who died fighting against the British army were buried. There is also a "soldier-saving tomb" behind Shajiao Fort at the western foot of Baicao Mountain in Humen, where 75 remains of Chen Liansheng and most soldiers on June 7, 65438 are buried.

After selling cigarettes, Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei, the naval commander, mobilized people to prepare for defense, reinforced and built the 1 1 fortress, and set up more than 300 cannons. With Shajiao and Dajiaobao as the first portal, Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Jingyuan, Consolidation, Yong 'an and the platform in front of the crosspiece as the second portal, and Hu Da Fort as the third portal, three lines of defense were organized. Between Jiangxi, Hengduan Island and Wushan, two rows of rafts and 372-foot chains were set up to intercept enemy ships. In the Opium War, the British invaders fought and lost many times. Today, except for a few in Panyu, the former site of Humen Fort is mostly managed by opium war museum. According to the geographical distribution, it is divided into two groups: Shajiao Fort and Weiyuan Fort, which are relatively concentrated. Set up Shajiaobao Management Office and Weiyuanbao Management Office respectively for management. Batteries are mostly made of stone, ash, sand and yellow mud, which are round or half-moon-shaped, and are divided into two types: open platform (that is, open platform) and hidden platform. Weiyuan Fort has been well preserved, with a total length of 360 meters and a height of 45 meters. There are 25 forts, each 2.9 meters high, 4.2 meters wide and 6.6 meters deep. There is a storage room and an officer's lounge next to the gun emplacement.

The Fire Funeral Tomb is located in the north of Shajiao Fort 100 meters,18417, where 75 Qing officers and men who died heroically when the British attacked Shajiao Fort were buried. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), the' Fire Funeral Tomb' monument was set up in June.

Humenzhai was built in the 16th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1588) and guarded by a magistrate in the 15th year of Jiaqing (18 10). The total length of the existing stockade wall is 146 19m. The wall is about 1m wide and 2-3m high. It is made of ash, sand and yellow clay board, which is very hard.