It is located in the most populous country in West Asia. The Black Sea Strait spans Eurasia and lies between Asia Minor Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula. It is the throat connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and one of the important navigation channels for international navigation. It is also the connection point between Eurasian railways and highways. It is known as the Eurasian Continental Bridge, and its transportation and strategic position are important. With an area of 780,576 square kilometers and a population of 48.265 million (65,438+0,984), Ankara is the capital.
The climate types in Turkey vary greatly. The southeast is dry and the central Anatolia Plateau is cool. Generally speaking, Turkey has long summers, high temperatures and little rainfall. Winter is cold, and the cold current brings snowfall and cold rain. There is plenty of rain in orchards, wheat fields and reservoirs, and plenty of sunshine in vineyards and people who go to the seaside.
Ankara, the capital of Turkey, is located in the middle of Anatolia Plateau, with an altitude of 978 meters and a population of about 3.69 million. It is the second largest city in Turkey. Ankara is famous as a political center and a commercial city. Industry is not very developed. Some factories produce arms, machinery, electronics, textiles, cement, food and so on. Developed agriculture is one of the main wheat producing areas in Turkey.
In addition, it also produces potatoes, broad beans, beets and so on. Fruit is famous for watermelon, melon, apple and pear. Cattle and sheep are the main livestock, and Ankara goat and its fur are world famous. Ankara has been a transportation hub since ancient times. Railways and air routes lead to all parts of the country and are the hub connecting eastern and western Turkey.
Turkey is in a leading position in the production of agricultural products, textiles, automobiles, ships and other means of transport, building materials and household electronic products. In recent years, Turkey has made remarkable progress in the private sector, but state-owned enterprises still play an important role in the fields of industry, banking, transportation and communication.
Its agriculture accounts for nearly 1/5 of GDP and uses about half of the labor force. Generally speaking, most food crops in Turkey can be self-sufficient. Most arable land is used to grow food crops, of which wheat and barley have the largest planting area. Cash crops (cotton and tobacco) are important export commodities.
Turkey's construction industry is competitive and dynamic in the world. In 2007, 22 Turkish construction contracting companies were selected as the most important international contractors (225) by engineering news-record, and Turkey's construction contracting industry ranked third in the world, only next to the United States and China.
The total length of the railway system in Turkey is 8,400 kilometers, and only about 1/7 of the highway system is paved, but automobile transportation still dominates. International and domestic shipping depends on Istanbul Port, Izmir Port and Mersin Port, but the main shipping destination of petrochemical products is near Iskenderun. International airports are located near Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir.
Turkey is close to Europe, surrounded by the sea on three sides, and has unique tourism resources. Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange income in Turkey. Troy, the ruins of the ancient city of Efiz, Istanbul, Antalya and Izmir are all world-famous tourist attractions.
Turkey provides compulsory education for 6- 14 years old, and there are about 820 educational institutions, including universities, with a total of about one million students. 15 major national universities are located in Istanbul and Ankara.
There are about 206 universities in Turkey, which are mainly public and private. Tuition fees charged by national universities are very low, while those charged by universities established by private funds are even higher, and there are even more than $65,438+05,000 schools. The capacity of all universities is about 300,000 students, and the number of joint entrance examinations is about one million each year.
The medical and health conditions in Turkey are good, and all cities have perfect hospitals, clinics and first-aid facilities. The treatment method is mainly western medicine. Medical insurance covers most towns.