Hallucination, also known as sensory error, refers to the real and vivid perception without objective stimulation in the corresponding senses. On the other hand, illusion is the cognition that the external stimulus is true but the response is wrong. Hallucination is a kind of perceptual disorder, which is mainly divided into auditory hallucination, hallucination and phantom touch. The most common are auditory hallucinations and hallucinations. Hallucinations often occur in mental state, and normal people sometimes have hallucinations when they are nervous, tired and have a high fever. Usually anxiety, drinking and taking drugs can cause hallucinations.
Second, explain
People who suffer from a mental illness or are hypnotized often have hallucinations. It is an illusory representation, something that does not exist originally, but the patient perceives its existence. Normal people occasionally have hallucinations, such as when they are anxiously waiting for someone to arrive, they suddenly hear someone knocking at the door, but no one actually comes. The appearance of this kind of auditory hallucination is closely related to the psychology of expectation, and hallucinations can also occur under sudden and intense stimulation. Under the influence of ardent expectations, strong expectations and high tension, normal people will also have some fleeting hallucinations, such as a mother who suddenly lost her son and was extremely sad, and sometimes heard her son talking to her. This illusion often doesn't last long. With the improvement of mood and proper treatment, it will be cured.
Third, characteristics
Illusion has two main characteristics: first, illusion is a feeling. Due to the lack of corresponding realistic stimulation, the objective test results prove that this feeling is illusory, but it is not illusory as far as the patient's own experience is concerned. Second, although hallucinations come from subjective experience and there is no objective reality, some patients firmly believe that their feelings come from objective reality.
Fourth, classification
Hallucinations can be divided into true hallucinations, false hallucinations and residual hallucinations. The true illusion and spontaneous excitement in the sensory area of the cerebral cortex make the previous image active and reappear, which is the representation. Because the appearance is particularly strong, vivid and meticulous, it is "projected" to the external objective world. "Projection" means that when the intensity of image activation is as great as the intensity of real stimulus, it cannot be distinguished from the real stimulus image in people's consciousness, but it is taken for granted that it comes from objective space according to life practice, so this is a natural outward projection process. False illusion, if the reproduction of image traces is only equivalent to the appearance, not so bright, vivid and meticulous, only active in the mind, not "projected" to the objective world, and it is tiny and random, is a false illusion. Residual hallucinations are more common in patients with schizophrenia, lasting for a long time and not closely related to emotions. According to the physiology of hallucination, it can be divided into the following categories: auditory hallucination: it refers to the sound from the outside world that patients hear without real external sound stimulation. These sounds can be sounds, music, etc. , or some voices for discussion. Patients may sometimes listen to these auditory hallucinations, which leads to danger. Phantom vision: In the absence of real visual stimulation, patients can see some nonexistent images. Phantom touch: In the absence of real tactile stimulation, patients feel the feeling of being touched. You can feel the touch from people as well as animals. The above hallucinations often appear in mental diseases such as schizophrenia or major depression. If you have hallucinations, you should find a doctor for psychological consultation or treatment in time. When hallucinating, we should actively divert our attention and enrich our daily life. This illusion will disappear.
The cause of hallucination
High fever, epilepsy and other diseases will cause hallucinations. It can also appear in some abnormal psychological states. In this state of mind, patients give up their objective and true thoughts, regard their psychological states as the object of reaction, and regard them as the characteristics of external stimuli. Some experts believe that the brain needs some minimal stimulation from the environment. If this minimum condition is not met, or this condition is destroyed by some psychological obstacles, it may prompt the brain to reconstruct the meaning of reality and environment according to past experience and personality factors. Can cause hallucinations. This theory holds that everyone has the ability to produce hallucinations, but generally speaking, it is constantly tested by the brain through the interaction between the senses and some real stimuli, which inhibits this ability. There are also some drugs that can cause hallucinations, but this is not a real hallucination, which is different from self-generated hallucinations, but only the result of the effects of these drugs on the brain. However, some people think that hallucination is an abnormal extension of dreams, and it is a dream that appears in a non-sleep state. In some situations, including dreaming, fantasy and ego are separated, people will not notice that they are dreaming. "Fantasy" obtains data from sensory memory and then sends it back to the sensory area to become illusion. The purpose of dream perception is to use simulated sensory signals instead of real signals to drive autonomic nerves to perform psychosomatic functions ("psychosomatic function theory of dreams").