We can know from other nicknames of couplets. Couplets can also be called: door pairs, peach symbols, spring stickers, spring couplets, couplets and so on.
Couplets are a kind of dual literature, which originated in Fu Tao. It is a language art form with neat antithesis, consistent structure, balance and harmony, and conciseness.
Generally posted on the pillar doors of temples, meaning auspicious and auspicious.
With the development of this literary and artistic expression, couplets will also be used for weddings, funerals and celebrations. White things are called elegiac couplets, weddings are called violet couplets, and there are couplets on Spring Festival couplets, places of interest, events that coincide with national events, and national events.
According to legend, the first person to write, invent and use couplets as a literary form was Meng Changjun, a great scholar in Shu after the Five Dynasties.
According to "Songshi Shu Family", Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties, "in addition to the year after year, the bachelor's degree was inscribed with a peach symbol, and a bedroom door was set around. At the end of the year (AD 964), the bachelor was lucky enough to write a poem by Yin Xun. Because of his non-job, he pretended to write a poem: Qing Yu in the New Year, Jia Jienuo. Changchun. "
New Year in Qing Yu, Cargeno. Changchun. It is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China.
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There is no exact textual research on the history of when the Spring Festival couplets appeared. According to some circulating unofficial history notes, Meng Chang's "Qing Yu New Year's Eve, Celebrate the Festival". "Changchun" written by the post-Shu state should be the first Spring Festival couplets we know now. However, although there was the form of Spring Festival couplets in that era today, the special word Spring Festival couplets did not appear at that time. For example, in Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" in the late Northern Song Dynasty, "firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su". Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones. It still exists as a symbol of peach.
In a word, Spring Festival couplets, a unique holiday custom in China cultural circle, only appeared before our eyes after a long history. A good Spring Festival couplets not only has literary connotation, but also calligraphy art, and more importantly, people's expectation and yearning for a better life. I hope that the unique custom of the Spring Festival can be passed down forever, so that the ancient custom of Spring Festival couplets can permanently witness our yearning for happiness in every era.
Generally speaking, the earliest "written" Spring Festival couplets in China began in Shu after the Five Dynasties. According to the History of Song Dynasty. "Family of Shu Kingdom" and "Shu Lang", "Shu Kingdom did not return to the year before the Song Dynasty, except for the day, so I ordered the bachelor Xin to write a peach symbol on the bedroom door, so I pretended to write a cloud: New Year, Changchun on the first day." This may be the earliest recorded Spring Festival couplets.
The "Chang" referred to in this article is "Qing Yu in the New Year and Changchun in the First Festival" written by the late ruler of Shu, which left an important page in the history of the development of China couplets. It is said that this is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China.
Five dynasties ago, Spring Festival couplets were originally two portraits of door gods to ward off evil spirits. Before the Tang Dynasty, they were two brothers who were said to be "tea gods and depression gods" in the period of the ancient Yellow Emperor. They live in Dushuo Mountain, where there is a peach tree with a shade. Every morning, shentu Loulei will patrol hundreds of ghosts under peach trees. If evil spirits are found to be harmful to the world, they will certainly feed the tigers. Later, people painted the portraits of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on two mahogany boards and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. According to the Southern Dynasties. Liang Zonggu's Chronicle of Jingchu records the first day of the first month. "Making a peach board to touch the door is called immortal wood, painting two gods to stick the door, leaving Shen Tu on the left and Lei Yu on the right, commonly known as the door god." -
In the Tang Dynasty, because of Emperor Taizong, the position of the door god was replaced by "Qin He". The Journey to the West also inserted the plot of this story in detail: King Jinghe made a bet with the fortune teller, and in order to win the bet, he "deliberately delayed the rain when it rained", and as a result, he broke the dogma and got what he deserved. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the official in charge of execution. King Jinghe pleaded with Emperor Taizong for his life. Emperor Taizong couldn't bear it, so he responded. At the time of execution, Emperor Taizong announced that Wei Zhi had entered the palace to play chess. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi just took a nap while playing chess, so he stepped out and beheaded the Dragon King. Later, Wang Zhiling complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried for his life outside the palace day and night. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin was willing to wait outside the door in uniform with him. Emperor Taizong agreed, and it was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong couldn't bear the hardships of the two generals, and ordered Dan Qing, a highly skilled painter, to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door to save the Dragon King. Later, according to legend, people put a portrait of "Qin Yu" on the door as a gatekeeper to ward off evil spirits; In Taoist mythology, "Qin He" was later called two "door gods" and one of the gods who made contributions to the country.
Sticking "door gods" in the Spring Festival is the earliest form of "sticking Spring Festival couplets" in ancient times, also known as "sticking door gods". Since Xu Meng in the Five Dynasties, written Spring Festival couplets have gradually spread and pasted couplets, also known as "door couplets".
In the Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital, he ordered every family to post Spring Festival couplets, renamed them Spring Festival couplets, and all of them were written in red paper, which was strongly advocated by all dynasties. Spring Festival couplets became a special form of Chinese folk literature and art. "Sticking Spring Festival couplets to Spring Festival couplets" has also become a unique holiday tradition in China, which has been passed down to this day.
Appreciate what China's first couplet looks like!
Couplets are a major feature of China's national culture. It is also separate from religious activities. It began in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1000 years.
As early as before the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was a custom of hanging "Fu Tao" in the New Year, commonly known as "Fu Tao". Legend has it that there were two exorcists in ancient times: one was called "Shennai" and the other was called "Lei Yu". That is to say, the names of the two are engraved on the mahogany board and hung on the left and right sides of the gate to drive away ghosts. Similar to modern door gods. This custom has been going on for 1000 years!
In the Five Dynasties, people carved couplets on boards. According to "Songshi Shu Family", after five dynasties, Meng Chang, the master of Shu State, ordered the bachelor to divide every year, inscribed a peach symbol, and placed a bedroom door around it. In the last year (Park 964), the bachelor was lucky enough to write a poem by Yin Xun, claiming that he didn't have a job, saying, "Welcome to Qing Yu in the New Year to celebrate Changchun!
This is the first folk couplet. After the Song Dynasty, it has become a common phenomenon that people hang Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival!
People! It must be the group owner!