I. Zhangbi Castle
Zhangbi Castle is a well-preserved ancient pocket "castle" in China, which integrates military, residential, production and religious activities. It is a collection of ancient cultural sites of Xia and Shang Dynasties, tunnels of Sui and Tang Dynasties, tombs of Jin Dynasty, stage of Yuan Dynasty and dwellings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially tunnels of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Liuwuzhou Temple and inscriptions are rare in China. Zhangbi Castle has successively won four laurels, namely "Top Ten Charming Towns in China", "Famous Village of Chinese History and Culture", "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" and "Famous Town and Village of National Tourism Landscape". The rich historical and cultural heritage of Zhangbi Castle has aroused great concern in the world.
Second, the structure of the castle.
1. Zhangbi Village is a thousand-year-old village with multi-ethnic cultures and hundreds of surnames. It can be called a heavy history book.
2. The whole castle is built along the plateau, high in the south and low in the north. Looking down from the north of the fort, there is a deep ditch extending downward on the left, middle and right. There are three outward passages in the south of the fort, and Yaowan ditch in the west of the fort. The cliff is steep and tens of feet deep. The east of the fort is condescending and blocked by trenches, which can be described as "easy to defend but difficult to attack, and there is a retreat." The wall of the fort is rammed with soil, and the height is about 10 meter. The fortress has north and south gates and a 300-meter-long street in the middle. There are three alleys in the east and four alleys in the west, extending upward from the middle of the street. There is an urn at the North Fort Gate, a stone gate at the South Fort Gate and a gatehouse at the Fort Gate. There are elegant shops and antique houses on both sides of the street; Several temples are covered with glazed roofs, resplendent and magnificent, dotted in the castle; There are also willow pagodas and rare glass pieces. Places of interest are everywhere, antique.
The underground of the castle is covered with tunnels, which extend in all directions with the castle. The tunnel has three floors, the top floor is only about 1 m from the ground, the middle floor is 8 8- 10/0m from the ground, and the bottom floor is17-20m from the ground. Each section is 2m high and 1.5m wide, with soil structure, and each bend is fuzzy and has a network structure. There are holes in the north-south ditch outside the fort, which can be used as both an entrance and exit and a checkpoint. There are air holes in the tunnel, which pass through the ditch, and there are three layers below the well. The shaft of the existing water well 6 in the fortress can directly enter another passage. There is a small pit on the wall of the tunnel at regular intervals, which is the place to put the oil lamp. There is a soil trough for feeding livestock on the high floor; There is an earth hole that can accommodate two or three people at intervals below the middle cave wall, which is an authentic sentry; There is a deep hole 2-3 meters wide and 4-5 meters long on the ground floor, which is a cave for storing food. Such a huge and complicated underground project is by no means beyond the power of ordinary people, but a military need and a confidential strategic facility. According to the textual research on the statues of Liu Wuzhou and Wei Chijingde in the castle, it is believed that it was built in the second year of Tang Wude (6 19) and was done by Weichi Gong when he helped Liu Wuzhou and the armistice. It is a relic of "building castles in the light and digging tunnels in the dark".
Three. assess
1. There is a saying that "Beijing is seen in 500 years, and Shanxi in 5,000 years". The antiquity, simplicity, clumsiness and purity of Shanxi have condensed into the soul of Chinese civilization. Speaking of ancient towns in Shanxi, Pingyao is famous.
2. Before Zhangbi was selected as "Top Ten Charming Ancient Towns in China in 2005" by CCTV, the name Zhangbi was unfamiliar to tourists. This mysterious castle-like village seems to be far less famous than Mianshan and the Wang Family Courtyard nearby, and it can't lock people's eyes. In fact, after ups and downs, Zhang Qian has accumulated profound historical and cultural connotations, just like a thick history book, which can make people deeply feel its massiness. Only by going deep into Zhangbi, looking at its castles, tunnels, palaces and temples, and looking at its military religion and folk history, can we perceive Zhangbi as a special case of Shanxi merchant culture.
Fourth, geographical location.
1. Zhangbi Village is located in Zhangbi Village, Longfeng Town, Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province, also known as "Zhangbi Castle". It is located in a steep section of Jiexiu Basin with ravines on three sides and plain on one side, with an altitude of1040m. The castle makes full use of the geographical advantages of retreating from the mountain and being difficult to attack and easy to defend. It built an ancient tunnel with a length of 3000 meters and three layers of attack and defense, and built a base on the ground and a city to shelter soldiers.
2. Zhangbi Castle is a rare pocket town in the world, with an area of only 0. 12 square kilometers, but its urban form is complete and its military defense function is good. It integrates ancient castle tunnels, palaces and temples, military religion and folk history. In addition, there are small bell and drum towers, smooth traffic networks and numerous religious sites. Zhangbi Castle is famous at home and abroad for its "strange ancient temples and strange secret passages".