Dapingdiao draws nourishment from rural life and integrates the customs, culture, aesthetics and etiquette in northern Henan. From lively musical instruments, simple and high-pitched singing, easy-to-understand lyrics to bold and hearty performances, all of them reflect the rough and unrestrained character of the people in northern Henan.
The traditional classification of Dapingdiao is life, Dan, net, end and ugliness, but artists are not used to this classification. The classification of five students, five Dan and five painted faces classifies "Duan" as life and "Ugliness" as painted faces. The face line drawn is the original clean line, and later it includes all makeup roles except red face.
According to the habit of Daping artists, among the five students with five faces, five students include baby students, primary school students, two red faces, big red faces and old students. The five Dan include Huadan, Guimendan, Ugly Dan, Tsing Yi and Lao Dan. Five faces include three faces, two faces, big face, white face and big face.
The division of five lives, five Dan and five faces is an artist's general division of the main role types. In fact, all walks of life have differences between literature and martial arts, old and young, positive and vice, handsome and ugly. In addition, the handyman roles such as Bing Yong, Xiao Hu, Men Jun, Eunuch, Knife and Axe Hand and Gong E are not included.
Dapingdiao is regarded as a "drama" by the audience, and there are many ordinary drama roles. Except for dozens of tattooed characters such as big black face, big red face, old student, Tsing Yi and Lao Dan, other characters often need two or three sets of actors to start. There are more than 10 main characters in the stills of Anti-Texas, involving 50 jobs with ugly backgrounds and endings. For example, Yang's drama "Attacking Youzhou" takes up a large part. In addition to the seven sons and eight tigers, there are several generals from Zhao and the north.
Artists in Dapingdiao old class should practice basic skills, including singing, reading, doing and typing. Singing skills mainly practice articulation, and the voice cavity of Dapingdiao uses throat sound. Artists who don't have high attainments often use * * badly, and they have to make unclear words. Therefore, the training of articulation has become the primary task.
When practicing the cavity, you should read the words first, and it is required to practice the words like a jade plate and flowing water. No matter how loud or small the sound is, let the audience understand it. As the saying goes, "The play is easy to sing, but it's hard to say." Going to the opera, an old audience, is also called going to the theatre, which means that besides "listening", "watching" is equally important.
If you watch a bad drama, the audience will often say:
Looking up, I stood in a large area, laughing and crying, my mouth didn't touch the board, and I limped on the stage. This scene was buried in a pit!
This shows that in addition to singing, the audience also attaches great importance to performance. Artists who enter the class also practice leg and waist skills first, mainly kicking, swinging legs, taking off, washing waist, lowering waist, single and double forks, crouching tiger and martial arts.
Hand training mainly pays attention to gestures and finger types, generally including cloud hand, blue hand, pushing hand, handing hand, shaking hand, covering hand, shading hand, covering hand, copying hand, crying hand, smiling hand, female red hand, counting hand, hero finger, five-finger rake and so on.
Dapingdiao artists attach great importance to the use of eyes, and pay attention to "eye movement at will". What they are most afraid of is "singing without eyes and laughing." The eyes that are often practiced are crying eyes, laughing eyes, angry eyes, hate eyes, discerning eyes, surprised eyes, ashamed eyes, squinting eyes, thief eyes, suspicious eyes, blinking eyes and angry eyes.
Catwalk is the basic skill of performance, and the quality of catwalk plays a vital role in an artist's image. The catwalk includes T-step, lunge, drunken step, broken step, pacing, trampling, short step, overlapping step, rubbing step, sliding step, padding step, running circle, retrogression, cloud step, jumping step, wrong step, wading step and so on.
Dapingdiao has different requirements for the shapes of all walks of life, such as health, old and steady, tall and straight with big red face, heroic spirit with two red faces, young and elegant, and happy baby. If you do, ugliness will lead to chaos, old age will be heavy, and Tsing Yi and the boudoir will be ashamed. Hualian will stare at the appearance, perform and jump, and the big white face will be cruel and the big black face will be upright. Ugly people will talk well, flirt, and not fool around.
All walks of life also have clear requirements for appearance, such as the painted face of a five-finger rake, the red face of a flat ear, a small shoulder, and the fact that Baotou can't be over the chest. Because of the roles of big bad face, big red face, Tsing Yi and Lao Dan. Emphasis on singing but not on figure, as well as two bad faces and Wu Sheng, Hua Face and other roles. Often sing and walk around, so there is a saying of "rough play"
The vocal music of Dapingdiao belongs to the Bangzi cavity system and is a plate variant. It has a lot in common with Shandong Bangzi and Henan Opera in the structure of Qupai, but it is far rougher than Henan Opera in artistic style, with Shandong local characteristics, especially the East Road tune.
The singing method of Dapingdiao is basically the same as that of Shandong Bangzi, but the real voice is generally used, and the extremely high falsetto is used at the end only when adagio, turnstile and other boards are used. The main accompaniment instruments are Daxian, Erxian, Sanxian, Daban and tuba. In the role of Dapingdiao, black face and red face occupy the main position, which forms the important characteristics of the play. Its performance is magnificent, the scene is grand, singing, doing, reading and playing are equally important, rough and bold, and both rigid and flexible.
Pingdiao has a long history, unique singing style and strong music brand. /kloc-Qupai above 0/30, such as Gone with the Water and Rolling Dragon Ball. There are more than 30 kinds of traditional flute cards such as "Parthenocissus tricuspidata" and "Purple Gold Cup". More than 30 musicians, such as Adagio, Bar, Streamer, Sanban, Ortho, Inverted Three Dials, String Bell, etc.
When singing, Daping uses the real voice to pronounce words, speaks in a falsetto, turns up eight degrees when throwing the cavity, and then hangs "Fu" after the voice, which is full of charm.
In Dapingdiao, bangzi plays a major role in the change of singing rhythm and speed. The big flat carving is made of jujube wood. When playing, the left hand holds the clapper and the right hand holds the stick to strike, and the timbre is heavy and solid. Therefore, there is also a saying: "Four big fans, two poles, are big flat tones."
Big hairpin and top angle are the characteristics of Daping tune. Both the big cymbals and the big cymbals are called "four big fans". The top corner, also called "large", is shaped like a trumpet, with a thin and long neck, a sound bowl under it and a bell mouth on it. When playing, the voice is sharp and bright, so you can't play scales.
During the performance, the top ship screamed the war horse, wailed the horn, shot the forest and cut the sea, and the killing sound was deafening, lifelike and the atmosphere was very strong. It is out of reach to set off a magnificent atmosphere. It often makes the audience feel immersive and refreshing.
Dapingdiao is good at performing robes and plays, and it is dominated by clean lines. Whenever there is a red face or a black head, the big bang, the big cymbal, the big cymbal, the big drum and the horn all sound, which is quite magnificent and tragic, making people excited.
Dapingdiao is popular in the north of the Yellow River, at the junction of Henan, Shandong and Hebei. It's a northern language family, using zhongzhou rhyme. "Zhongzhou Rhyme" is a phonetic standard used by Henan and even the whole northern operas in chanting.
Zhongzhou rhyme has no entering tone, only tone. Ascending tone, rising tone, falling tone and singing white are all antitheses in the local dialect, and the case changes greatly. The most common structures are "two, two, three", "three, three, four" and 10. In addition, there are 9-character, 5-character, 1 1 rhyme structures. The figure of speech and the musical structure of the upper and lower sentences in Qiyan Duijian are the essential characteristics of the plate-type variant drama.
The classification of 13 rhyme used in Dapingdiao is antithesis, and it often ends with the same rhyme. For example, in Watching the Stars with Gao Laoharrier, Gao Laoharrier sings:
Last night was a strange dream. The red bearded dragon fell from the sky. I took off a helmet when I got up, shook my head and wagged my tail, and never came again.
There are 620 kinds of operas in Dapingdiao in Henan Province, among which there are more than 80 kinds of/kloc-0 by hand, and there are 2 kinds of19 kinds of plays in Dapingdiao in Henan Province. Most of Dapingdiao's plays are with costumes, and the stories come from Romance of the Gods, History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the legends of the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties.
Therefore, Dapingdiao plays have formed case-solving dramas and battle dramas characterized by "gathering, opposing and moving", such as Zhang Yi's attack on Su Qin, Chen Ping's resistance to the DPRK, Cen Peng's collection, Wu Hanji, Zhuge Liang's offering lanterns, empty city plan and Xiagaopingji.
The most important part of Daping Opera is the black face and the red face. Black faces are mostly tattoos, which often represent the courage and integrity of the characters, emphasizing singing and not paying much attention to martial arts. The average artist can suppress ugliness for a long time as long as his voice is rich and wide and his falsetto is bright.
Any large-scale performing group needs at least one famous black-faced artist as the lead, otherwise it will not be accepted by the society. Daping's mobilization gun plays are housekeeping plays, such as, Mei case, Guo Huai, Liang,, and so on. And because Bao Zheng is always a big black face,
Bao Zheng is the protagonist of Ping's flirting. Compared with black-faced drama, red-faced drama accounts for the largest proportion in the traditional repertoire of Dapingdiao. The big red-faced character is also a tattoo, winning by singing. Generally, the Eight Immortals in Red Face plays are all such characters, such as "breaking into Youzhou", "usurping imperial power", "mentioning the mouth", "examining Pan" and "loosening the ring".
The second red face, also called "red face at once", must be both civil and military, and be good at singing and dancing. It is the most active role in Daping Opera, and it is also a multifaceted operation. Because of the characteristics of Taiping Opera, the role of "Two Red Faces" often sings while performing, so "Two Red Faces" is a role that needs more efforts than other roles.
For example, Jiang Wei in Jiejiang Wei, Zhao Kuangyin in Xiagaoping, Seeing Jingniang Thousands of Miles, Cutting Yellow Robe, Cursing Temple, Xiannantang, Sleeping in Hedong, Xiagaoping, Xiayanjing and many other dramas of Zhao, Yang, Yue, Shuihu and Eastern Han Dynasty.
Dapingdiao's plays are very close to people's lives, and they are often performed at ancient temple fairs and sacrifices to gods. In addition to robe plays, there are four "main hall plays" in Dapingdiao, such as Kirin Songzi, Liu Yuee's bride and two official letters, which are used for festive occasions. "Crying Red Hall" and "Wu Dalang Crying Dad" that should be mourned. Eight Immortals' Birthdays and Seven Sons and Eight Husbands' Birthdays should be used for birthdays, which are divided into the Imperial Pass, the Tang King's visit to the underworld is the Prince of Yan, and the Fire Bull Array is the Vulcan.
The performance of Dapingdiao is natural, simple in form, real, and if the stage image is close to the reality of farmers, it conforms to the standards of good and evil of farmers. Dapingdiao is similar to other folk art and woodcut stage rules, and also has its own unique style.
Dapingdiao's performance is rough and bold, magnificent, with large movements, large circles, striding cross-legged and standing like a statue. The martial arts stand is big in shelf, big in action, straight to the point, real in guns and knives, and refined closely. In addition, with the cooperation of drums, gongs, cymbals and big women, the top corner screamed, which made the battlefield atmosphere very strong and made the audience scream.
There is a proverb in northern Henan: "Daxian Opera is standing, Dapingdiao is half standing", which means that compared with Dapingdiao and Daxian Opera, the character modeling and program action are simpler than teaching, and the form is more than enough.
In a word, Dapingdiao is a kind of local opera with rough performance, boldness, implication, flexibility and rich repertoire, which is deeply loved by the masses.