When it comes to the Battle of Feishui, many people know that it is a battle to win more with less, but few people mention that the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as a weak party in this war, relied on the army-the northern government soldiers, which was enough to determine the ownership of the later regime.

First, refugees enter the army

In 3 17 AD, Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, acceded to the throne with the support of the imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty and the northern and southern imperial clan, and established the title of Jianwu. The following year, the Jin Emperor was captured, and the Western Jin Dynasty was completely destroyed and acceded to the throne. With the help of Wang Dao, a famous figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was formally established.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the north was caught in endless struggles among various Hu people's regimes. Since the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, these ethnic groups moved inward voluntarily or forcibly, broke out in the Western Jin Dynasty, and sent troops to rebel after the imperial court lost control and influence on the local area. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, they began to compete for control of the north.

Perhaps out of confidence in the natural hazards of the Yangtze River and the dangerous terrain in the south, or worried about their own lack of strength, the Eastern Jin adopted the strategy of watching the fire from the other side until the pre-Qin Dynasty established by Di people appeared.

The pre-Qin Dynasty was a Hu regime with Chang 'an as its capital, which was established by Fu Jian of the Di nationality. Compared with the northern Hu people's regime in the same period, during the reign of Fu Jian, the pre-Qin regime reused the prime minister Wang Meng to assist in the administration of state affairs, which greatly improved the national strength of the pre-Qin period in a short time. With the strengthening of national strength, Fu Jian's idea of dominating the whole country is getting stronger and stronger.

In 370 AD, Qian Qin sent troops to destroy Yan Qian, and then successively sent troops to destroy the separatist regime in northern China. Until 376 AD, the former Qin Dynasty completed the unification of the north, with its territory stretching from Korea in the east, Qingling in the west, Sichuan and Sichuan in the south and Yinshan in the north, and neighboring countries sent envoys to make friends with the former Qin Dynasty.

In this way, the idea of doing nothing in the corner of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was shattered, because during the unification of the North by the former Qin Dynasty, Fu Jian captured Liangzhou and Yizhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 373. Although the main military force of the former Qin Dynasty was in the north, Fu Jian's ambition to conquer the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unify the whole country was already obvious.

The unification of the north by the former Qin Dynasty brought great military pressure to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which has always been based on the south of the Yangtze River, did not have a decent army at all, and there were many contradictions between the gentry in the north and south of China and frequent civil strife.

At this time, the monarch of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was filial piety emperor Sima Yao. Unwilling to be the king of national subjugation, he wrote in 377 A.D., thanking Xuan for being the general Jianwu and the secretariat of Yanzhou, guarding Guangling and resisting the former Qin Dynasty. After Xie Xuan took office, he soon realized that he needed a new army with strong fighting capacity to stop the offensive of the former Qin Dynasty.

Soon, Xie Xuan found the soldier he wanted to recruit in Jianghuai area-northern refugees. Although these people are refugees, in order to protect themselves in the long-term escape and migration, they are basically in a semi-armed state, and they have developed strong combat effectiveness in the long-term struggle with the Hu people's army and mountain thieves.

In order to facilitate the recruitment and overall arrangement, Xie Xuan directly moved the military and political organs from Jingkou, Yanzhou to Guangling, and immediately began to recruit refugees from Xu, Qing and Yanzhou as soldiers. Because the people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were called Jingkou Jing, this army composed of refugees was called Beifu soldiers.

Second, remarkable results have been achieved.

The formation of the army by refugees naturally aroused the suspicion of some people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but soon, the northern government soldiers proved their strength with brilliant victories.

In February 379, Fu Jian sent his eldest son Fu Pi to lead a 70,000-strong army to besiege Xiangyang City. In July of the same year, in order to cooperate with Fu Jian's offensive on the western front, Fu Jian took Peng Chao as commander in chief, and all the generals were in chaos. Sheng Mao rode hundreds of steps to attack Pengcheng, Huaiyin and Xuyi, the eastern towns of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In February of the following year, Xiangyang City was lost, the garrison commander Zhu Xu was captured, and the western front was defeated; Pengcheng on the eastern front is still holding on, but it is dying.

At a critical juncture, the Eastern Jin court can only send the northern government soldiers who have not been formed for a long time to fight. Xie Xuan personally led Gao Feng, He Qian and other generals, with more than 10,000 northern government soldiers to rescue Cheng Peng.

In the face of a large number of former Qin Jun, Xie Xuan threatened to attack the cities hoarded by Peng Chao, let Peng Chao withdraw temporarily, and save the officials and people of Pengcheng. Since then, Peng Chao occupied Pengcheng, but only got an empty city.

In April of the same year, former Qin generals Mao Dang and Wang Xian led more than 20,000 troops eastward to meet Peng Chao after capturing Xiangyang, and marched into Huainan with * * *; In May, the former Qin Jun attacked Xuyi City, captured the history of Cao Mao in Gaomi, and besieged Luo Tian, the secretariat of Youzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in San Acheng with 60,000 troops.

After the news of Qin Jun's siege of San Acheng reached the capital, Jiankang, all the officials in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were frightened, because San Acheng was only 200 miles away from Jiankang. If San Acheng fell, Guangling, where Xie Xuan was located, became the last line of defense in the capital. Prime Minister Xie An immediately began to deploy along the river to prepare for emergencies, and at the same time ordered Xie Xuan to lead the northern government soldiers to rescue San 'a.

In June 380 AD, Xie Xuan led 50,000 northern government soldiers to fight Qin Jun in Xuyi, and the former Qin Jun was defeated and retreated to Huaiyin. Later, Xie Xuan ordered He Qian to lead the navy to return to the Huaihe River and burn the bridge built by Qin Jun. The original navy was defeated and retreated to the Huaihe River, and Xie Xuan led the Beifu soldiers to pursue them, and then defeated Qin Jun in Junchuan.

At this point, the former Qin army that attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty was completely annihilated, and only the commander-in-chief Peng Chao survived.

When the news of Peng Chao's defeat reached Chang 'an, Emperor Fu Jian was furious. Although Wang Meng, the prime minister, warned him many times not to go south easily when he was alive, the former Qin Dynasty was much stronger than the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but because of its recent reunification, there were many problems and contradictions. Once a large-scale battle breaks out, it will inevitably cause a chain reaction.

However, Wang Meng's suggestion could not stop Fu Jian's growing ambition with the growth of the national strength of the former Qin Dynasty. In August 383, just seven years after Wang Meng's death, Fu Jian, who thought the time had come, led 250,000 vanguard troops to March first. He commanded 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, and then followed suit, preparing to attack and destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty in one fell swoop.

In the face of the menacing power, the Eastern Jin Dynasty thought that it was a general, with Xu and Yanzhou secretariat Xie Xuan as pioneers, and commanded 80,000 northern government soldiers with strong fighting capacity to face the main force along the west of Huaihe River. At the same time, Dragon General Bin led 5,000 water troops to rescue Shouyang, which relieved the positive pressure of Xie Xuan.

In 383 AD, in 10, Fu Rong led his troops to attack Shouyang and captured it in 18. Hu Bin retreated to Shi Xia, while Fu Rong continued to attack Shi Xia. At the same time, Liang Cheng, a former general of Qin Jun, led his troops to be stationed in Luo Jian and guarded closely along the Huaihe River to contain the troops in the east.

At this time, Fu Jian saw that the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were only defending themselves, thinking that this war could be done quickly, so he sent Zhu Xu, who was already a former Qin Shangshu, to surrender to Xie Shi. Although Zhu Xu surrendered according to Fu Jian's request, he told him privately that he could not persist in this way, but should take advantage of the fact that Fu Jian's army had not been fully assembled to strike first. As long as the vanguard troops of the former Qin Dynasty are defeated, the remaining troops pieced together by all ethnic groups will collapse without fighting.

Xie Shi believed Zhu Xu's words and decided to turn to the defensive. 1 1 month, Xie Xuan sent General Zhang to lead 5,000 northern government soldiers to Luo Jian to surprise Liang Cheng. The former Qin Jun rushed to fight, losing 10 to 50,000 troops. Later, the northern government soldiers blocked the Huaihe River ferry, wiped out more than 10,000 people in the former Qin Jun, and captured the former Qin Yangzhou secretariat Wang Xian.

After a small victory, 8 jin j continued to the west. 1February, confronted the former main force of Qin Jun at the foot of water. At this point, Fu Jian, full of confidence, began to worry about the fighting capacity of the northern government soldiers because of several small defeats in a row. Finally, regardless of the opposition of the generals, he ordered the former rulers to retreat first, and then made a decisive attack when Jin Jun crossed the river.

However, Fu Jian underestimated the spirit of the northern government soldiers and overestimated the loyalty within his own army. As soon as the former Qin Jun began to retreat, the soldiers of the northern government raided across the sea. In the back, Qin Jun, a former dynasty composed of various nationalities, thought that the former army was defeated under the disturbance of Zhu Xu, and immediately fell into chaos and fled, while Xie Xuan led the northern government soldiers to storm and defeated the 6,543,800+5,000 former army commanded by Fu Rong, and then pursued Qin Jun all the way to recover their homes south of the Yellow River.

Third, those who win the northern government soldiers win the world.

In the Battle of Feishui, Beifu soldiers became famous in World War I, but Xie Xuan, the founder of Beifu soldiers, was seriously ill and died in 383. Xie An, the prime minister, was relieved of his military power because of his contribution to Gao Zhen, and the soldiers of the northern government fell into the hands of Wang Gong, becoming a tool for the struggle and merger in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Later, the northern government soldiers were killed by the northern government general Liu Laozhi, and the northern government soldiers returned to Liu Laozhi's hands.

Under the command of Liu Laozhi, the northern government soldiers became the main force to suppress the Tianshidao rebellion led by Sun En and Lu Xun. Soon after, Liu Laozhi surrendered in the conquest of Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan relied on the northern government soldiers to force Emperor Wen of Jin to establish Huanchu, and then relieved Liu Laozhi of his military power, forcing him to rebel and commit suicide. Later, in order to relieve their worries, they began to strangle the old men of the northern government soldiers and divided them into two parts, led by Huan Xiu and Huan Hong respectively.

Under the command of Liu Laozhi, the northern government soldiers became the main force to suppress the Tianshidao rebellion led by Sun En and Lu Xun. Soon after, Liu Laozhi surrendered in the conquest of Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan relied on the northern government soldiers to force Emperor Wen of Jin to establish Huanchu, and then relieved Liu Laozhi of his military power, forcing him to rebel and commit suicide. Later, in order to relieve their worries, they began to strangle the old men of the northern government soldiers and divided them into two parts, led by Huan Xiu and Huan Hong respectively.

Unfortunately, talented people are jealous. Emperor Wu of song proclaimed himself after a serious illness in the second year, and the jurisdiction of the northern government soldiers fell into the hands of life minister Tan Dao Ji.

Relying on this powerful team, Tan Daoji supported Song Wendi Liu Yilong to ascend to the throne and resisted the invasion of Xianbei people. With the increase of Tan Daoji's credit, Song Wendi became more and more afraid of him.

In 436 AD, Song Wendi put Tan Daoji in prison on the grounds that Tan Dao Ji owed a lot to the emperor but didn't know how to be grateful, and was soon killed with his son and eight others. At the same time, the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was opposed to Liu Song, heard that Tan Daoji was killed, and they all congratulated each other, saying, "Dao Ji is dead, and Wu Zibei is not enough to recover." With the death of Tan Daoji, the northern government soldiers who have experienced vicissitudes and glories have also withdrawn from the historical stage.