Audi Murphy (1June 20th, 926 ~ 197 1 May 28th, 2008) was an outstanding American soldier in World War II. He was only 165 cm tall and weighed 50 kg, but he was one of the most decorated soldiers in the United States during World War II. He was also a famous movie star for many years after the war. He has appeared in 44 films. As a country music lyricist, he also has some successful works.

Chinese name: audie murphy.

Mbth: AudieMurphy

Nationality: USA

Place of birth: Texas

Date of birth:1June 20, 926

Date of death:1971May 28th.

Occupation: soldier, actor

Graduate school: celeste.

Major achievements: War heroes in World War II.

Masterpiece: Return from Hundreds of Wars

outline

Audie murphy (1926_ 197 1), an American soldier, was a hero of World War II. After World War II, he became a movie star and participated in more than forty films. American World War II hero AudieMurphy played himself in ToHellandBack from 65438 to 0955, but before that, Murphy had studied film and television performances for nearly ten years.

Audie murphy became a legendary American soldier in the 27-month battle in Europe. He was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest award awarded by the US military to those who showed bravery in battle. Total * * * won 33 American and foreign medals, including 5 from France and 1 from Belgium.

Murphy's film career is also very successful. Including the very famous film ToHellandback( 1955) (adapted from his novel of the same name). He starred in 39 Hollywood movies. Murphy died in an air crash 197 1. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, enjoying all the military honors. At Arlington National Cemetery, he was the second person to convey President Kennedy.

The life of the character

Youth life

He was born in Texas to emmett Berry's mother and Josie Bell Murphy, a poor Irish farmer. He grew up on a farm between Farmersville and Greenville, not far from celeste, Texas. He is the sixth of 12 children, and nine of them have survived 18. His brothers and sisters (the first, second, third and fourth), including 8th grade, who was in Celeste school, had to drop out of school to help their families (their father abandoned them on 1936), and their daily salary was only one dollar. His job is to grow and pick cotton on the farm where he is employed. He uses a good rifle, and he helps his family through some small hunting competitions. DialHenley, one of his best hunting partners, once said this about him. Murphy never misses squirrels, rabbits and birds. Murphy once said, "If I can't beat them today, then I can't eat anything at home today." In the1930s, Murphy worked in a grocery store, a garage or a gas station in Greenville, Texas. 194 1 On May 23rd, when his mother died, Murphy, who was only 15 years old, was working in a radio repair shop. Later that year, his sister CorrinneMurphy was forced to send her three youngest brothers and sisters to an orphanage to ensure their lives (he took them back after World War II).

Be drafted into the army

194 1 12.7 After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Murphy, who was only 15 years old, planned to enlist in the army. His request was turned down because he was a minor. 1June, 942, her sister tampered with his birthday after his 16 birthday, making him 18 years old, thus reaching the legal age of enlistment. He still falsified his enlistment age in his post-war memoir "Return from Hundreds of Wars", so there are some wrong statements about his date of birth. Murphy joined the United States Army in Greenville. He was rejected by sailors and paratroopers because of his short stature (5.5 feet (166.4cm)) and thinness. He was rejected by the navy for the same reason. He was sent to CampWolters in Texas for some basic training and passed the exam. Because of his baby face, his commander wants him to be a cook or a baker. He insisted on becoming a soldier. After fighting for his wish, he got it. After 13 weeks of basic training, he was sent to fort meade, Maryland for advanced army training.

Combat experience

Murphy still has to struggle with the system to get the opportunity to fight abroad. His persistence paid off. In the early days of 1943, he became a soldier of the 3rd Infantry Division 15 Infantry Regiment 1 Battalion stationed in Casablanca, Morocco. Murphy did not take part in operations in Africa, but participated in extensive exercises and training of the Third Division and other troops during his service. His first battle was1the Sicilian landing war codenamed "Eskimo" in July 1943. During the war, he was promoted to corporal after killing two Italian officials who tried to escape on horseback. He got malaria in Sicily, and this disease sent him to hospital several times during his military career.

1943 12 Murphy and his friends defeated a German ambush point on their patrol and occupied a quarry. German commanders sent a group of Germans, but they were all blocked by machine guns and rifles. Three German soldiers were killed and several others were arrested. After Salerno's mission, Murphy was promoted to sergeant. Murphy's outstanding performance in many occasions in Italy, such as the Voltu River, the beach position in Anzio, and the cold and humid mountainous areas in Italy. His courage as a combat infantry won him a promotion and many medals.

On September 3rd, the Allied forces landed in Italy, and on the 4th, Mussolini collapsed, and Italy surrendered to the Allied forces, and then the Germans entered Italy. 10 On June 3rd, the new Italian government declared war on Germany. At this point, the axis countries have completely lost the initiative in the war, and the allies have turned to a comprehensive counterattack. After taking part in the Italian campaign, the 3rd Division 1944 landed in the south of France on August 15 and participated in the "Lancer Operation". Shortly thereafter, Murphy's best friend Lathiere Tipton (known as "Brandon" in Murphy's book) was shot in the neck by a German soldier who pretended to surrender. Murphy was enraged and killed several enemy focal points with German machine guns and grenades. Because of this action, Murphy was awarded the Distinguished Cross (second only to the Medal of Honor). During his seven weeks in France, Murphy's division suffered 4500 casualties.

Due to Murphy's heroic performance, he won two Silver Stars a few weeks later. He became a staff sergeant and got the position of platoon leader. After accepting the wartime appointment, he was awarded the rank of second lieutenant. This promotion earned him the position of platoon leader. 12 The day after his promotion, his lip was injured by ricochet, and it took him ten weeks to heal. He returned to the army with a bandage. 1October 25th,1945,65438+became Murphy, company commander. He was injured in a mortar attack and two comrades around him were killed.

The next day, 65438+1October 26th (the temperature dropped to-10 degrees Celsius, and 6 cm of snow accumulated on the ground), in Zwehl, Murphy's troops had 128 men, but only 19 men could fight. Murphy told the other brothers to stay behind. He used the telephone to direct the artillery in the rear to attack six tiger tanks and two infantry companies in front. After the attacked Tiger tank retreated, he fired at the swarming Germans with an M2 carbine. After running out of ammunition, he climbed onto the M 10 tank destroyer that was burned after being hit by the Tiger tank, and started to fire at the German infantry with the M2 heavy machine gun with the caliber of12.7 mm. The Germans of two reinforced companies crawled forward under the cover of heavy artillery fire, and his legs were injured in the heavy artillery fire. He shot with one hand for an hour. The rear fire commander asked Murphy, the gunfire is too close to you. How far are the Germans from you? Murphy told the artillery commander in the rear on the phone: Don't hang up, the Germans will tell you how close you are to me soon. ) )。

Encouraged by Murphy, many people volunteered to join the counterattack organized by him, and finally drove the Germans out of Zwehl. Based on Murphy's heroic behavior, he won the Medal of Honor.

Murphy then withdrew from the front line and became a liaison officer; 1promoted to lieutenant on February 22, 945. Based on his outstanding performance in the Third Infantry Division from1944 65438+1October 22nd to 1945 February1July 2nd, 945, Lieutenant General Alexander Patch, commander of the Seventh Army of the United States, awarded him with. On July 10 of the same year, Murphy left Paris by plane and arrived in San Antonio, Texas four days later.

Audie murphy won 33 medals (French 5, Belgian 1). Audie murphy won all American wartime medals, five of which were won at the same time. When I joined the army, my height was 166.4 cm and my weight was 100 kg. But in the past three years, my height has grown to 170 cm and my weight has reached145kg.

Medal honor

Audie murphy became famous for fighting six tanks, killing 240 enemies and capturing a large number of Germans. His major achievements include the Congressional Medal of Honor, the Cross for Outstanding Service, two Silver Stars, the Merit Medal, two Bronze Stars with heroic symbols and three Purple Hearts (in recognition of his injuries in battle). Murphy took part in the battles in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, France and Germany, and awarded him the seal of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. There was a silver war star (representing five battles), four bronze war stars and a bronze arrow, representing his amphibious landing operations in southern France and Cyprus. He was the only soldier in the 3rd Infantry Division 15 Infantry Regiment who was commended by the President twice in the Gatzweil mission.

The French government awarded Murphy the Legion of Honor (Knight), which is the highest reward for soldiers in France. He also won two French Cross and a Belgian Cross. In addition, Murphy also won the Combat Infantry Attack Medal. All these feats were achieved during his 29 months of fighting in the Third Infantry Division abroad, when he was less than 2 1 year old.

1In the first half of June, 945, one month after Germany surrendered, he returned to Texas from Europe and was treated like a hero. He was invited to take part in parades, banquets and speeches. August 1945, retired lieutenant in FortSamHouston, San Antonio, Texas, and February 1945, retired from the U.S. army.

He is famous all over the country and appeared on the cover of Life magazine in July 1945.

1950 When the Korean War broke out in July, Murphy joined the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas National Guard, and his division was not obliged to fight. By the time 1966 left the National Guard, Murphy had obtained the rank of major in the army.

The following is the explanation given by the US military for the audie murphy Medal of Honor:

Troops and ranks: American 3rd Infantry Division, 15 Infantry Regiment, Second Lieutenant, Company B.

Place and date: Goetz, USA,1945 65438+1October 26th.

1944 enlisted in Texas on August 9. Born in Hunter County near Kingston, Texas.

Company B under the command of Captain Murphy was attacked by six waves of tanks and infantry. The second lieutenant ordered his soldiers to retreat to the rear and let them stay in the Woods. He stayed alone in the front line and directed the rear to carry out shelling by telephone. On his right rear, a burning M 10 tank destroyer was hit. He still gave artillery orders at the front, and through these orders, a large number of German infantry were killed or injured. When the enemy tank found his position, Captain Murphy climbed into the tank that would explode at any moment and fired at the enemy with a.50 caliber M2 machine gun. He faced the thousands of Germans attacking from three directions alone, but the raging artillery killed waves of Germans and regretted the German attack. The enemy tanks began to retreat across the board without infantry support. An hour later, the Germans tried their best to kill Captain Murphy, but Murphy still stood his ground. Suddenly, a group of crawling German soldiers appeared from his right wing, only 10 yards away from him, but they were still knocked down by his gunfire. His leg was injured, and he used up all the ammunition with one hand. Then God returned to his own company, refused to receive medical treatment, reorganized his troops and fought back against the Germans again, forcing them to retreat. The firepower he led killed many enemies, and he killed more than 50 enemies alone. His heroic performance and unyielding spirit saved the troops in the siege and destruction and held the forest as the target of the enemy's attack.

Postwar disease

Murphy has been suffering from traumatic stress phobia since the war, plus insomnia, paroxysmal depression and those war nightmares. His first wife WandaHendrix talked about his illness, which bothered him. Murphy even pointed a gun at her. In the mid-1960s, he once relied on a sleeping pill called Placidyl. After he realized that he was drug dependent, he locked himself in a motel room for a week until he gave up drug dependence.

He has always advocated psychotherapy for veterans returning from the war, and he finally broke a taboo that American officials can't discuss the psychological state of soldiers in wartime. He talked frankly about his mental illness, which was called combat fatigue in World War II and shell shock in World War I, which made the government pay more attention to the psychological problems of veterans after Vietnam and Korea wars. He asked the U.S. government to strengthen scientific research on these mental diseases, and asked that these diseases be included in the list of medical insurance programs for veterans returning from the war.

Personal life

Murphy married Wanda Hendricks in 1949 and divorced in 195 1 year. He is married to PamelaArcher, who used to be a flight attendant and later became a battlefield nurse, and has two sons Terrance Michael "Terry" Murphy (born in 1952) and James Shannon "skipper" Murphy (born in 1954). These two names are taken from Murphy's two best friends, Terry Hunt and James "Captain" Cherry.

After returning from World War II, Murphy bought a house for his sister's family of five in Farmersville. Then he took three brothers and sisters back from the orphanage to live with his sister, but the six children under the same roof were too stressful for Murphy's youngest brother and sister, and finally Murphy took them away.

Joe and Nadine want to stay with their brother, but many post-war propaganda and performing arts careers have no fixed place to help them financially. Murphy's eldest brother agreed to accept Nadine, but Murphy didn't know why they didn't accept Joe. He found James "Captain" Cherry, the owner of Dallas Theater, and Murphy gave Joe to him. He also owns a 4800-acre ranch in Texas. Joe likes it there. Murphy can often visit his brother and his friend Cherry.

Murphy later became a successful actor, rancher and businessman. He keeps horse racing in captivity. He has ranches in Texas, Tucson, Arizona and Menifei, California.

career in films

Filmography experience

Seeing the young hero on the cover of Life magazine published on July 6th, 65438, actor james cagney invited Murphy to Hollywood in February 1945. Despite cagney's expectations, life in California is still very difficult for Murphy. Due to lack of experience, his dream was shattered. He went bankrupt several times and slept on the floor of his friend TerryHunt's gym. He finally got several small roles in 1948 films such as Texas, Brooklyn Paradise and Beyond Glory.

He played the leading role in his third film, Bad Boys. 1973 Cherry said in an interview that "Murphy had no confidence in his film career." The variety club is raising money to make a film called Bad Boys to publicize and help those children who are in trouble. Cherry found Paul Short, then the producer of the film and the director of the Texas Theater, and suggested that he give Murphy an important role. His audition was a success, but the chairman of the Associated Press obviously didn't want to give this important role to someone who had no acting experience. However, CherryShort and other Texas theater owners supported audie murphy and would withdraw their funds if he was not allowed to play the leading role. Finally, he played the leading role, successfully shaped the characters and regained the appreciation of Hollywood authorities. Universal Pictures offered him a seven-year contract. After his film was a great success, some producers asked him to choose his own role and script.

He starred in StephenCrane's civil war novel Iron Man, which was a great success. Murphy once said that he felt extremely uncomfortable playing himself in Return from Hundreds of Wars. 1959 In the western drama NoNameontheBullet, he played a bad guy and a professional killer, but his performance was well received.

He worked in Hollywood for 25 years, and audie murphy made 44 films, 33 of which were westerns. His best-selling movie, which is also the best-selling movie in Universal Studios, is based on his autobiography "Return from Hundred Wars", and the box office record of this movie reached Jaws on 1975. At the age of 23, Returning from the War earned him nearly $30 million. He also appeared in many TV series, such as 196 1 NBC western detective film WhisperingSmith. Audie murphy also left his name on the Avenue of Stars for his outstanding contribution to action movies. He left his nickname "Papi" on the Avenue of Stars to show his early fame.

Participate in movies

Return from many battles

Murphy appeared in the movie version of his novel of the same name on 1955. This is an unforgettable war movie, which expresses its role through realism and wins many battles. The narrative technique of an ordinary war movie is to bring the characters into a battle scene, such as The Red Column and Saving Private Ryan, which is actually inconsistent with the facts. In a real war, there are many different attack routes, and at the same time, injured or dead people are always dragged back from the front. Hollywood's original war mode was completely broken in Return from Hundreds of Wars. All the characters in the movie were killed or injured in the real war. At the end of the film, only Murphy survived from his army. At the climax of the film, Murphy stood, and all that came to mind were the dead souls of his comrades. Murphy insisted that his honor belonged to his dead comrade-in-arms.

The film earned $654.38+0 billion at the beginning of its release, making it the highest-grossing film in the 43-year history of Universal Studios. The box office record of this film was not replaced by StevenSpielberg's Jaws until 1975.

be in the background

Murphy's eldest son Terry Murphy plays his younger brother Joe in the movie. Murphy actually doesn't want to play himself in the movie. He is afraid of turning his war experience into cash. He initially suggested TonyCurtis play himself.

This film introduces General walter bedell smith, who is the chief of staff of American European battlefield commander dwight eisenhower.

walterbedell Smith( 1895— 196 1)。 Director of the central intelligence agency, general of the army. Chief of Staff of the Allied Forces in North Africa. Eisenhower was promoted to the supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in 1944 and served as the chief of staff of Lieutenant General. He has participated in the formulation and implementation of military plans and actions in North Africa, Sicily and Northwest Europe. Smith is ruthless, rude, has many enemies and is afraid of war. Once, George Smith Patton was surprised to find Smith crouching in the trench. As he approached, he realized that he was avoiding the gunfire. Barton was very angry because it was the American artillery who fired just now, not the Germans. A senior general is so afraid of enemy fire that he can't command his officers and men to fight bravely. He reported it to Eisenhower, but Eisenhower didn't take it to heart. In his opinion, Smith can't go to the front, but he is a competent housekeeper and thug. He can mercilessly dismiss an incompetent old friend, which is exactly what Eisenhower needed. 1943 and 1945 accepted the Italian and German surrenders on behalf of Vinson Howell respectively. After the war, he served as ambassador to the Soviet Union. 1949 commander of the first army. Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 65438 to 0950. 195 1 was awarded the rank of general. 1953 retired as deputy secretary of state. Resigned to do business the following year. He is the author of My Three Years in Moscow and Six Major Decisions of Eisenhower.

Harold B. Simpson wrote a comprehensive biography of audie murphy on 1975, covering his life. This book emphasizes his outstanding performance in the army, including pictures, maps and exercise charts of the country. Murphy's post-war career also has a good record.

autobiographical novel

Murphy's autobiography "Return from Hundreds of Wars" 1949 became a best-selling novel. This autobiography was actually written by professional writer and Murphy's good friend David "Spec" Macclure (many people do this. After the Biography of Comrade zhukov was written, the two authors each bought a copy of Moscow Man, with Comrade Georgi paying the bill, of course). This book describes Murphy's heroic deeds very modestly, and has no intention of shaping him into a hero. The book did not mention those incredible fighting achievements, but praised his comrades. Murphy even wrote a song, Kerrigan.

Music Career

Murphy is also a successful country music lyricist. He has worked with some successful composers. His two famous songs are ShuttersandBoards When the Wind Blows in Hicacago.

Audie murphy's Birthday on the tombstone The disputed date of birth 1924 died on May 28th197/year. Murphy died when his private jet crashed in Virginia. None of the pilot and four other passengers survived. 1974 put up a huge commemorative card at Murphy's funeral. His good friend Captain Kars Wickrat made a speech on behalf of his family.

1971On July 7th, a monument was erected at the scene of Murphy's crash. Murphy was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He is the second largest visitor after President Kennedy, and a special stone road was specially built in the cemetery for this purpose.

Congressional Medal of Honor winners buried in Arlington National Cemetery usually decorate their tombstones with gold leaves, but Murphy's tombstones look no different from ordinary soldiers. The tombstone of the unknown soldier is near Murphy's tombstone.

Murphy's tombstone reads: audie murphy, Texas. Major, infantry, World War II. 1June 20-28, 924, 197 1, Congressional Medal of Honor, Cross for Outstanding Service, Two Silver Stars, Medal of Merit, Two Bronze Stars with Heroic Signs and Three Purple Hearts.

Murphy's tomb is decorated with an oak leaf, which is generally used by people who have won the Medal of Meritorious Service. Audie murphy won the Medal of Honor when he was a lieutenant. There are almost no people who have won this honor in this rank, and they are generally people above the rank of lieutenant colonel.

A man who fought alongside him in World War II said, "This tombstone is a little too small for someone like him."

Commemoration of future generations

In memory of audie murphy, people set up the audie murphy Prize for Patriotism. The award is awarded once a year to those "outstanding patriots" or "outstanding groups" who can represent the true American spirit.

1973165438+1October 17, audie murphy Veterans Memorial Hospital was completed in San Antonio, Texas. For this reason, the sculptor JimiluMason created a bronze statue of audie murphy's rifle, which was 8 feet high and weighed 1 ton. There is also a museum inside the hospital, which introduces audie murphy's life and some of his uniforms, books and photos.

1986 In early 1986, the US military established the audie murphy Officers Club in FortHood, Texas. This elite group gathers those non-commissioned officers who are active, professional, have leadership ability, are committed to guiding their subordinates and embody audie murphy's morality. During the period of 1994, audie murphy officers' clubs were widely spread in the army.

1996, the Texas legislature officially designated June 20th, audie murphy's birthday, as "audie murphy Memorial Day". The northern section of US Highway 69, from North Greenville to Fanning County, was named "audie murphy Memorial Highway". 1996, he was posthumously awarded as a member of the Oklahoma City West Performance Hall of Fame.

At 1999, GeorgeW. Bush, then president of the United States, also declared June 20th as the official "audie murphy Day" in Texas.

Since the mid-1990s, every year on audie murphy's birthday weekend, people will hold a celebration party for Audi and other veterans at the American Cotton Products Museum (now renamed audie murphy/American Cotton Products Museum). At present, the museum has collected a large number of souvenirs of audie murphy and his personal belongings.

In 2000, the American people not only issued a 33-cent stamp with audie murphy's head on it, but also established audie murphy Middle School in Ford Hood, Texas.