Du (Du) surname comes from three aspects:

1, from Qi surname, taking Yi as surname. Judging from historical documents, Du's history is very brilliant. According to Tongzhi Genealogy, Du's surname is also Tang Du's, and his surname is Qi. After emperor Yao. According to legend, one of the twenty-fifth sons of Qin Shihuang was named Qi, surnamed Du, and was a descendant of Emperor Yao. In ancient times, people called Yao fief fief fief. The descendant of Zeng Jianguo was born in Liu. At that time, Xia Houshi's sixth grandson Kong Jia was Xia Wang, who was good at ghosts and gods. Legend has it that the Kongs can't keep two dragons, one female and one male. Liu Lei, a descendant of the Taotangs, learned Rao Long from the Chilong family. Qianlong's livestock dragon was given a surname for serving Shun Di. And Liu Lei, who studied in Rao Long and worked for the Confucius family, is also named Yu Longshi. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of Liu Lei had established the Tang State, and they were called Tang Du's. After the destruction, he sealed his brother Yu in the Tang Dynasty and moved to the Tang Dynasty as Du Bo. In Zhou Xuanwang, Du Guo was destroyed again, and Du Bo, Chow Tai Fook's doctor, was also killed innocently. Most of Du Bo's descendants defected to other princes, while those who stayed in Ducheng took Du as their surname.

2. Since ancient times, Du Kang. According to Shiben, it is said that he is a descendant of Du Kang, the inventor of brewing in Huangdi Neijing. According to legend, Du Kang was a native of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times and was good at making wine. If Du Kang is the ancestor of Du surname, then this surname has a history of at least four or five thousand years.

3. Change his surname from his home. For example, there were Xiongnu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and there were Jurchen Khan, Manchu Dushan, Tuketan, Oroqen Dunningken, Yugur Duman, Daur Degong and Daridel in the Jin Dynasty. And Manchu, Mongolian, Tujia, Beijinger, Hui, Russian, Zhuang, Tibetan, Korean, etc., all changed their surnames to Du.

Ancestor: Du Bo. Empress Liu, the grandson of Emperor Yao. In ancient times, there was Dani (now Yicheng, Shanxi), the son of Yao Feng, Emperor Shundi of the Tang Dynasty, and Dani was descended from Xia and Shang dynasties. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, when he became king, the Tang Dynasty disrespected the reigning emperor and was destroyed by the then Regent Zhou Gongdan. His brother was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, and the descendants of the former Tang Guojun moved to Du, hence the name Tang Du. Zhou Xuanwang, Tang Chaohuan was a doctor in North Korea. His name was Du Bo. Du's romantic style fascinated Zhou Xuanwang's favorite female pigeon, so he tried to seduce him, but the upright Du was unmoved. The evil mother pigeon who became angry from embarrassment complained first and accused Du of bullying her. Zhou Xuanwang then killed Du Bo. After Du Bo's death, most of his descendants fled to the Central Plains, and the adherents who stayed in the capital took the country as their surname, calling Du and respecting Du Bo as the ancestor of Du.

Second, migration distribution.

Du Zu was born in an, Shaanxi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Du moved to Chu, Lu and other countries. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty" says: "Lu has Du Xie, avoiding the difficulties of discipline and rushing to Chu, giving birth to a doctor." Birth period, period. "Doukhi was a general of the Qin Dynasty, and his food was collected in Yi Yan, Nanyang. At that time his name was Du Yan. He's youngest son was appointed as the satrap of Shangdang (now Changzhi, Shanxi); Bingzi Du Za was appointed as the prefect of Nanyang; Jia Zi Du Zhou, an imperial historian, was forced by the court to move Maoling (now northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi Province) to a noble family when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later formed Jingzhao County, the largest county in the history of Du surname. Jingzhao Du's surname comes from Sun He, the 20th generation of Han Jianping and Hou Yannian. In the following hundreds of years, Du's surname formed many branches: Xiangyang Du's surname came from Dangyang Hou Du's youngest son and Jin Hongnong's satrap Du Yin; Lianshui (now Anyang, Henan) was named Du Kuan, the youngest son of Dai Hou. Dewey, the son of Puyang Du, lived in Puyang and was born to Sun Dumo. Later, Wei became the prefect of Puyang because of his family background. In short, from the pre-Qin to the Han Dynasty, Du's surname spread mainly in Shaanxi, and its spread process was from Shaanxi to Shandong, then to Henan, and finally back to Shaanxi. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains was in turmoil, and Du moved south to avoid the war. He has lived in Xiangyang, Xiangfan, Hubei, Mianzhu, Sichuan, Chengdu and Qiantang, Zhejiang, becoming a big family. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Du Jean was appointed as our envoy in Shannan. In case of war, he took refuge in Yin Shan in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Sun Duren, an able man, moved to Maluan Township, Anren, Tongan, Fujian Province to avoid Yuan chaos, and was called the ancestor of Maluan Du. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Du, as one of the surnames of people who moved to Sophora japonica in Hongdong, moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Du surname has spread all over the country and overseas, and there are footprints of descendants of Du surname in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Du is the 53rd surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.4% of the Han population in China.

Third, historical celebrities.

Du Cao: Ling Du native of Jingzhao (now southeast of Xi, Shaanxi), painter and calligrapher of Han Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozu Zhang was in Qi Dynasty, he was famous for his kindness and was called "Cui Capital" with Cui Yuan.

Du Shi: a native of Jixian County, Henan Province, a famous upright official in Han Dynasty, and a trusted minister of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. When he was the magistrate of Nanyang, he created a drainage system (that is, a hydraulic blower) to smelt iron and cast farm tools, which was more than 1 100 years earlier than in Europe. He manages ponds, reclaims fields and develops agricultural production. It is said that "there is a father before, and a mother after."

Du Kang: According to legend, he was a good winemaker in the Zhou Dynasty. Han Cao Cao's short song: "How can I solve my troubles? Only Du Kang. "

Du Mi: A native of Dengfeng, Henan Province, a famous minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once served as Beihai Xiang, Shangshuling and Henan Yin. At that time, it was called "the best assistant in the world."

Du Lin: Fufeng Maoling (now Xingping, Shaanxi) was a Confucian scholar and philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is good at ancient Chinese studies and philology. He is the author of Cang Xie Xun Debate and Cang Jie Gu.

Du Ji: Cao Cao's senior adviser made important contributions to the reunification of the North.

Du Yu: Jing Zhao, politician, strategist, inventor, writer, general of the South in the Western Jin Dynasty. He is the author of Biography of Zuo's Family in the Spring and Autumn Period, Examples in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Long Calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Du Gao: A famous diplomat and politician in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Du Fu: A native of Gongyi, Henan Province, was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is called "Poet Saint" and "Poet King". In his poems, he often calls himself a young and wild old man. His poems show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". He is good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with diverse styles, mainly depressed. His masterpiece is "From Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words"

Du You: Ling Du native, Tang Dynasty historian Jing Zhao compiled the 200-volume General Code, which is the first general history describing laws and regulations in China.

Du Mu: Mu Zhi, Fan Chuan, the grandson of Du You, was born in Jingzhao Wannian. A famous writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, who was upright and upright, once pointed out the disadvantages of the times, deeply worried about the arrogance of the buffer region and the fans who spoke out, and the consequences were correct. His poems are bold and unconstrained, especially his prose is extensive and profound, and he made great achievements in the late Tang Dynasty. At that time, he was called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. There is also Li Shangyin, also known as "Du Li". He is the author of Fan Jichuan, and his masterpieces include Epang Palace Fu and Bo Qinhuai.

Du Qiong: A native of Wuxian (present-day Jiangsu), he was a painter in the Ming Dynasty. His paintings were the first of its kind.

Du Jin: Dantu (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) was a painter in Ming Dynasty. He painted in the Southern Song Dynasty and was the most skillful figure. His brushwork is meticulous and smooth, and he can draw lines from time to time.

Du, a native of Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei), was a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and was also called "four friends of articles" with Cui Rong, Li Qiao and Su Weidao. His grandson is Du Fu.

Du Qiuniang: A native of Jinling in Tang Dynasty. It turns out that he is the concubine of our Zhenhai Ambassador Kun Li. After the rebellion was killed, Kun entered the palace. He is good at poetry and singing "Song of Golden Clothes", which is favored by Tang Xianzong. After that, he was sent back to his hometown, poor and helpless. Therefore, in ancient times, Du Qiuniang generally referred to an old woman with fading color.

Du Ruhui, a native of Jingzhao Ling Du, was a famous figure in Li Shimin in the early Tang Dynasty and participated in the famous "Xuanwu Gate Change" in history. The history books say: "Ling Xuan is resourceful", for example, he is good at sizing up the situation and speaks it well in this world, which is often referred to as Du Fang. "

Du Guangting: Taoist Shi Tian, a famous writer and educator in the late Tang Dynasty.

Du Xunhe, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was born in Chizhou (now Taiping, Anhui). Some of his poems reflected the social contradictions and the people's painful situation under the melee between the military and the valve at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which was more prominent at that time, including Tang Fengji.

Fourth, the county hall number

Wang Jun 1

Jingzhao County: In the first year of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to the right civil history, which was equivalent to the county satrap and was one of the three assistants. It is equivalent to the place north of Qinling Mountain, east of Xi City and south of Weihe River today. Wei of the Three Kingdoms changed to Jingzhao County.

Xiangyang County: It is divided into Nanjun County and Nanyang County, which is equivalent to Xiangyang, Nanzhang, Yicheng, Yuan 'an and Dangyang in Hubei today.

Puyang County: It is equivalent to Wei County, Puyang County, Fan County in Henan Province and Guo City in Shandong Province. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, it was changed to counties.

Hanyang County: Located in Hanyang, Hubei Province.

Nanyang county: located in Nanyang, Henan province today.

2. Hall number

Poetry Hall and Shaoling Hall: Du's hall names mainly include "Poetry Hall" or "Shaoling Hall". The origin is that Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, claimed to be "a young man at night" and was called "a poet saint" in history.

In addition, Du's Tang names include Jingzhao Hall, Yan Yongtang and Zhendetang.

============================================================

Du ancestral hall universal couplets

Du Ancestral Hall Four-character Couplet

Folk song "Mother";

Shi Hao Wang Shi

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union

The first couplet refers to Du Fu's poems (? -38)。 Du was born in Ji County, Hanoi (now Henan Province). Word Simon, the counselor of Guangwudi. In the seventh year of Jianwu (AD 3 1), he served as the magistrate of Nanyang. He once created a water row (hydraulic blower) and cast farm tools, which was twice as early as Europe 1 100 years ago. He also recruited migrant workers to repair ponds, reclaim land and develop agricultural production. It is said that "there is a father before, and a mother after." The second couplet refers to the "King of Poetry", which is a tribute to Du Fu (7 12-770, Gongxian native, with beautiful words), a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. I am studious, knowledgeable and politically ambitious since I was a child. He was awarded an official with a gift, and successively served as Zuo Shiyi, Huazhou Sigong, and Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry. Poetry is good at choosing social themes with universal significance, boldly exposing social contradictions at that time and showing the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry"; The style is mainly gloomy, and the language expression is extremely strong, including Du Gongbu Collection. Feng Zhi's Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes in the Tang Dynasty:' The Goose-crowned Boy told me:' You are the star official of this article, you are the angel of the decree, and you are the chapter of Tang Shiwen. Nine clouds have fallen, which can be taken to the bottom of Douling. "Just as he said, he got a stone, which said in gold:' The king of poetry was apart from the country of the square, and Kuya was familiar with the seal, so he was able to help the voice of the mulberry.' "

Books become universal codes;

Ranked in Yingzhou.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union.

Couplets refer to Du You, a historian of the Tang Dynasty, whose name is Jun Qing, a thousand-year-old Jingzhao person, and a family of powerful people from generation to generation. At the end of Zhenyuan, he was promoted to proofreader Situ Tongping Zhang (Prime Minister). During the period of Wang's political reform, he served as the financial ambassador and sealed the Duke of Qi. Although his official position is very high, he is still diligent, handling government affairs during the day, studying hard under the lamp at night, reading ancient and modern books, and being proficient in ancient and modern times. In about 30 years, he wrote 200 volumes of General Code, which is informative, clear in origin, detailed but not complicated, simple and necessary. It is the first general history of laws and regulations system in China. The second couplet is Du Ruhui, the minister of the early Tang Dynasty, whose name is Keming, and he is from Jingzhao Ling Du. When Tang entered the customs, he helped strategize, guided the situation, participated in the change of Xuanwu Gate and helped seize power. Fu worked as a corps commander and a bachelor's degree in literature museum. When Emperor Taizong was in office, he was the right servant of Shangshu (the prime minister), co-managing state affairs with Fang * *, and presiding over the establishment, scale and laws of the central institutions. During the Zhenguan period, Emperor Taizong selected 18 portraits of heroes in Lingyange, and Du Ruhui ranked first. After resigning due to illness, Emperor Taizong often sent people to visit him. After his death, Emperor Taizong even abandoned the court for three days to show his condolences.

Thinking about classics;

The image is full of smoke.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union.

The first pair of couplets is Yu, who has a good knowledge of classical literature. It is a collection of biographies of Zuo's family in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is also an alliance map and a long calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period. The second couplet refers to Tang Du Ruhui. When Emperor Taizong was the right servant of Shangshu, he was appointed as Lai lord protector, who was in charge of state affairs with Fang, just like Lingyange.

Jinling Duqu;

Jade slips are precious.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union.

The first couplet refers to Tang Du Qiuniang, who was Kun Li's concubine at the age of fifteen. Taste is like a lyric poem: "There are flowers that can be folded straight, so don't wait to be folded." The second couplet refers to Duran Xiang, who claimed to be from the Eastern Han Dynasty. He fell to Zhang Shuo's house in Baoshan, Dongting, leaving jade and spittoon, giving him a lesson and letting him become an immortal.

Nanyang Ishizawa;

Lai national voice.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union

Couplets refer to Du Fu's poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The second couplet refers to the memoirs of Don Du Ruhui.

-

Five-character couplet of Du Ancestral Temple

Worried about classics;

The image is in Lingyan.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union

The first couplet refers to Du Yu (222-284), a general and scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty. Du Yu was born in Jingzhao (now southeast of Xi, Shaanxi Province). He used to be the general of Zhennan. Jingzhou military forces destroyed Wu Gong and sealed Dangyang County. Many strategies are called "solo dance library". There is a collection of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is the earliest annotation of Zuo Zhuan and included in the Notes to Thirteen Classics. The second couplet refers to Du Ruhui (585-630), a minister in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Ruhui, whose name is Keming, was born in Jingzhao Ling Du (now southeast of Xi, Shaanxi Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, he served as Fuyang Wei. Tang Bing entered Shanhaiguan to help Li Shimin plan. The minister's official is the right servant. He was painted in Lingyange when he died.

Academic alcohol, Confucianism and wealth;

Xing Douhuan's article.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union.

This couplet is an anonymous copy of Du Fu's poems.

Caotang stays in the future;

Poets are immortal.

-Zhu De wrote to Du Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by Zhu De (1886- 1976) in Du Fu Caotang, Chengdu, Sichuan.

-

[Du Ancestral Hall Seven-character couplet]

Keeping the Tao is like the history of Zhou Zhu;

I wrote a book to study Zheng Sinong.

-Du Mu wrote Dujia Ancestral Hall Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by Du Mu (803-852), a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

Clear clouds and light turn to phenology;

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night knows this season.

-Du Fu wrote Dujia Ancestral Temple Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

Maple and green trees set each other off;

The jade cup is full of clouds.

-Du Fu wrote Dujia Ancestral Temple Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

It is lucky to wake up in Yangzhou;

Worry about the country and the old age.

-Du wrote to Du Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by Du Fu (about 645- 708), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in Xiangyang (now Hubei). This is Du Shen Yan.

Jinshui spring breeze was occupied by the public;

I will go back to the thatched cottage.

-He wrote to Du Federation of Trade Unions.

This couplet was written by He Wei (Du Fu), a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. "People's Day" refers to the seventh day of the first lunar month, and many people come to visit it.

-

Du ancestral hall has more than seven couplets.

When bloom was folded, Jinling was bent;

Orchids are beautiful, jade slips are precious.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union

The first couplet refers to Du Qiuniang, a literary story character. Du Mu's Preface to the Poems of Du Qiuniang in Tang Dynasty said that she was a Jinling woman in Tang Dynasty. At the age of fifteen, she was the concubine of Kun Li, the envoy of western Zhejiang. She once sang for Kun Li, "Flowers can be folded straight, so don't wait for them to be empty." After entering the palace, he was favored by Xian Zong. Master Mu used to be the nanny of the prince. Wenzong was abolished and she returned to her hometown. The second couplet refers to Duran Xiang, the immortal of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to legend, a fisherman found a three-year-old girl on the shore of Dongting Lake. When she was in her teens, she was surprisingly beautiful. Suddenly, one day, the fairy fell from the sky and left with her daughter. When she was leaving, she said, "I am a fairy, and my name is Duranxiang. I fell out of favor and now I am back in heaven." Later, she came to Zhang Shuo's home in Baoshan, Dongting, to teach Zhang Shuo Taoism, leaving behind jade and other things, and Zhang Shuo also died.

Build a thatched cottage and misrepresent Yanwufu;

Well-known armory, like left-wing books.

-anonymous wrote Du Ancestral Hall General Union

Couplets refer to Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu, Sichuan. The second is Du, a general and scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty.

============================================================

Attachment: interesting stories of Du Fu's allusions

Du Kang and wine.

Du Kang Zhongning is a Kang Jiawei who is good at making wine. In Zhongzhou Miscellaneous Notes and Quan Zhi in Zhili Ruzhou, the process of Du Kang's brewing was vividly and concretely described.

It is said that there is an old mulberry tree in Jiuquangou, Du Kang Village, Ruyang, Henan Province, where Du Kang invented wine. Du Kang used to herd sheep when he was a child. Every day at sunrise, he drives the sheep to the ewe slope to graze. Go to Jiuquan ditch to eat and read books at noon. Jiuquan ditch was called Kongsangxi in ancient times, and there were many mulberry trees. A clear spring runs through the forest. There is an old mulberry tree next to spring. Because of its age, its body is empty. Du Kang is eating under the tree. He often thinks of his ancestors' choices. When the meal is hard to swallow, he throws the leftovers into the mulberry hole. The villagers saw that Du Kang was too thin to eat and drink, so they gave him yeast powder to satisfy his hunger. Inadvertently, he threw the yeast powder into the tree hole again. In this way, rice koji is fermented into wine. After drinking this wine, Du Kang knew that he could relieve his worries and entertain himself. So he summed up his experience and took wine as his career.

Later people named it Du Kang ditch, Du Kangquan and Du Kanghe, as well as Du Kang's tomb and Du Kang Temple. Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, wrote a poem "Du Kang is the only one who can solve the worries" in a short song, which fully shows that Du Kang is an expert in ancient winemaking.