Ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings

When a Tujia folk song resounds through Vienna, people can't help thinking in their minds, what kind of culture can breed such a euphemistic and simple song. The origin of this song is in Baiyang Town, Lichuan, Enshi. In this little-known town, there stands an ancient building complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties-Dashuijing Ancient Buildings ancient building complex.

The ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings are famous for their wells. It is located in the vast mountains of Baiyangba Town, Lichuan City, the birthplace of Dragon Boat Tune. It was founded in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is the largest, well-preserved and highly artistic ancient architectural complex in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which combines the characteristics of western architecture and Tujia architecture. The whole building complex consists of three parts: Li's Ancestral Hall, Li Liangqing Manor and Five Houses. Like a trilogy played by Tujia suona, wooden flute, leaf flute, gongs and drums and western trombone, it interprets the honor and disgrace of a family and solidifies the architectural and cultural history of a nation.

Vicissitudes and great changes have created the unique geological characteristics of ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings. Surrounded by mountains, ravines and beautiful scenery, especially the Longqiao River next to the ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings, with cliffs and waterfalls hanging high on both sides; The river under the valley is swift and there are many strange stones. However, the ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings can't be treated as a landscape, it exudes a strong cultural atmosphere.

Time goes back to one hundred years ago. Li Jiazu, who fled abroad, is two brothers in Baling County, Hunan Province. On the way to Sichuan, Lu Yu nobles stopped in Lichuan. The two flexible brothers seized the opportunity to get rich slowly, and then flourished and multiplied into a big family. In this deep mountain, the Li family can be regarded as "the home of poetry and propriety, the home of ding food"

Li Manor is the former residence of Li Liangqing, the fifth generation grandson of the Li family. The manor was built in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and was not completely completed until the eve of liberation. Manor is a famous duplex residence with unique design, large scale and combination of Chinese and western. * * * There are 24 patios and 170 houses, covering an area of 10000 square meters and a construction area of 6000 square meters.

At first glance, Lee's Manor is not completely symmetrical, but that doesn't mean it doesn't pay attention to Feng Shui. On the contrary, Li's manor is geographically "looking at Qiyue Mountain in the north, looking at Lengchi Mountain in the south, taking a sharp knife in the east and controlling Xiongguan in Kowloon in the west." According to the geomantic theory of Jiangxi School, it occupies a very good ancestral mountain, Long Mai. "There is a photo before, and there is a leaning behind, left Qinglong, right white tiger." Based on this asymmetric structure, the opposite door of the manor is not in the middle, but located in the northeast of the manor, at an angle of 45 with the central axis of the main house. This one faces the sea mouth, which means "Long Yuehai". In fact, this kind of inclined door belt is very common in Bashu area. Its advantage is that it breaks the symmetrical and single structure and makes the whole building complex change in symmetry. Therefore, in the book Old House, Mr. Zhang called this architectural style "postmodern deconstruction".

The imitation stone plaque on the gate of the imperial court is as white as jade, with the words "Qinglian Meiyin" written on it, which not only protects the ancestor Li Bai, but also enhances Li's status. Magnificent style, no lack of cultural connotation. It is said that when Li was an official in Xiangyang, he asked a famous calligrapher to write an inscription for him. Entering the gate is entering the front yard of the manor. The front yard of the manor is more noble and creative. The 200-square-meter courtyard dam is paved with flat bluestone with uniform specifications, and the front porch is arched with European-style square columns, which are tall and straight, beautifully carved and beautifully shaped. Diaojiaolou carved beams and painted buildings, which can be described as ingenious, the combination of local and China, and the combination of Chinese and Western. Go through the courtyard dam and climb more than ten stone steps, that is, enter the main entrance of the manor. Behind the main entrance is the main hall, with western-style colonnades across the left and right, tall square columns and white flowers piled on the curved eaves, which are rugged and magnificent, and set each other off with the beautiful Tujia diaojiao building on both sides.

? From the central axis of the manor to the back, there are three halls arranged high from bottom to top, which are the main buildings. The houses on both sides are connected, the patios are densely covered, one room and one scene, and the attic echoes, which is full of weather. The most distinctive architectural patterns, such as "Zouma Jiaolou", "One column with six beams" and "One column with nine beams", have been highly praised and used for reference by the architectural community. Its decorative art is also dazzling. The exquisitely carved plinths, exquisitely carved windows, strangely shaped colonnades, winding cloisters and exquisite and luxurious furnishings make the whole manor magnificent but not tacky.

Above the gate of the European-style building, the characters "Wild Whistle Dragon Gate" are written, and the words "Dafu Land" are written in the horizontal frame below. Entering it is like entering the palace of art. There is a studio on the right side of the nave and a counting room on the left. The pool and window lattice in the living room are beautifully carved and luxuriously furnished. The bonsai of flowers and trees in the financial room is elegantly arranged, and the word "forbearance" in block letters is one meter square on the powder wall in the hospital, with vigorous brushwork and about one meter square. On both sides of the word "forbearance" in Danchi, the couplet is: new knowledge deepens, and old learning is closer.

The back hall is the bedroom of the manor owner Li Liang Qing and his son. In front of the court, Gui Xiang overflows, surrounded by flowers and plants, which is very quiet.

There are wells in the front hall, the middle hall and the back hall, which swing up and down and left and right along the courtyard, rising one by one, and the cloisters are connected, while the colorful building is circuitous and high, covering the whole courtyard, and there are several doors for access. There are carved stone carvings on the window lattice in the courtyard, which are lifelike and ingenious. The fireplace in the patio is square or round, or carved or integrated. What is even more surprising is that 174' s house is made of wooden skeleton and stilts with colorful eaves hanging on the cloister without a nail. According to "geomantic omen", "gossip" and geographical conditions, they are interlocking, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. The layout is random, just right, and there is no lack of rigor. When it rains, every room in the manor will not get wet. Because the buildings were built from east to west for many times from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, they integrated the architectural style characteristics of different historical periods. These window decorations and the solidified notes of stone statues form a silent and magnificent Tujia folk architecture symphony, which reverberates in the ear for a long time through history and time.

A few hundred meters away from Li's manor, there is a Li's ancestral hall covering an area of more than 10,000 square meters. Li's Ancestral Hall is located between Li's number one scholar and five houses with high balconies in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings's ancient buildings. Originally the former residence and ancestral grave of Tujia nationality, it was owned by Li during the reign of Qing Qianlong. In the 26th year of Qing Daoguang (1846), it was started, and in the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), it was completed and converted into the Li Ancestral Hall. Brick and wood structure, with a building area of 3,800 square meters, is huge. In front of the ancestral hall is a fortress composed of huge longitudinal bars, about 9 meters high. On the left, right and back of the ancestral hall is a circle of retaining walls, with a total length of 400 meters, a height of 8 meters and a width of 3 meters. The garden in the retaining wall and the ancient Tujia Huangshi cemetery are about 10000 square meters. The stairs on the wall are raised step by step according to the mountain. Each ladder is a whole block, which generally weighs about 1000 kg, and the heaviest one is more than 5,000 kg. When building, the traffic is inconvenient. Stones are often pulled by cows, carried by people, injured by people, and cows die from time to time. The turret at the four corners of the retaining wall is abrupt, and there are 100 blastholes and blastholes in turn on the retaining wall and the whole retaining wall. From a distance, it looks like an ancient stone castle standing proudly in the vast mountains, which is particularly neat. ? Li's ancestral hall is a palace-style building with three halls and two compartments, a hard roof, brick walls around it and towering wind and fire buttresses on both sides. The wind-fire crib has three crib heads, and there are colorful porcelain inlays on the crib head, crib edge and ancestral temple wall. Flowers, birds, insects and fish are vivid and dazzling. According to the inspection, the tiles used in these porcelain inlays are all new bowls and plates shipped from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi and Changsha, Hunan during the construction, which are carefully selected after being broken according to the composition requirements. The exquisite materials used and the huge cost can be imagined. ? There are three holes in the front wall of the ancestral hall, commonly known as Zuoshanmen, Zhongshan Gate and Right Shanmen. The left and right mountain gates lead to the wing, with the title "Be prepared for danger in times of peace" and "Peace is bliss"; The Sun Yat-sen Gate leads to the main hall, and the plaque of "Li's Ancestral Hall" shines with golden light against the backdrop of colored glass paintings such as "Eighteen Children of Yingzhou Blow", "Luoyang Bridge" and "Yellow Crane Tower". On the central axis, the three halls are arranged in an orderly way, covering an area of 15 meters wide and having depths of 9 meters, 10 meters and 10 meters respectively. The front hall and the back hall are connected with the left and right hatchbacks respectively, and the middle hall is surrounded by a courtyard dam paved with regular stones. The three halls of Liang Zhu can be folded, and the couplets on the column are "sincere, although the ancestors sacrificed; Although children and grandchildren are stupid, they must read classics "and" lewdness is the first evil; Filial piety is the first of all virtues. Focus on promoting filial piety, farming and industry, focusing on conception, and not seeking uniformity in confrontation. The beam is beautifully carved on the supporting wood, and the fishing wood is cultured and lifelike. In particular, the auspicious patterns of bas-relief such as bats and phoenixes can be seen almost everywhere, and the whole hall is decorated with colorful and glittering lights. There are mountains here; "It is impossible for a man to be rude." Under the left and right side walls of the nave, there is a pool made of large stone slabs, named "Li Anquan Well" on the left, and the word "forbearance" is written on the wall. The right name is "Rang Shui Tan", and the word "Nai" is used in the wall book. It can not only put out fires and raise fish, but also name the dominant position of Confucianism in the whole building and family education from one side. Before liberation, the "Kuishantang" plaque was hung high under the eaves of the back hall, with black and gold characters, solemn and generous. The shrine enshrines Li's ancestral tablets and woodcarving portraits of Li and his wife, with morning bells and drums and cigarettes around. The middle hall, also known as the "Temple of Sacrifice", is the central hall where Li preached clan rules when he worshipped his ancestors. There are woodcut family rules and family instructions around, and calligraphy and knife skills are very unique. ? In addition to the three halls, there are 66 hatchbacks, and the left hatchback is equipped with a reasonable hall, a patriarch and a deacon's house; The right car is equipped with a vault, a financial room and a warehouse. There is a huge stone called "Broken Bridge" in the reasonable hall, which is 3.8 1 m long, 3.45 m wide and 0.27 m thick. In the stone, Tai Chi Fengyun pattern is carved in the shade, and a bat is carved in every corner, which is the place where Li Fang used to enforce family laws and hear cases. The clansman fouled, ran on the broken bridge and was reprimanded and punished by the patriarch. The poor "broke the law" and ran on the bridge of negligence. There is an ancient well 72 steps down from the east corner of the ancestral temple. The spring water is sweet, and the four seasons are not dry. The well was originally outside the wall. In the 19th year of the Republic of China, more than a thousand people from He Guoqiang and Sichuan attacked Li Ancestral Hall, and Li fought according to the risks, and remained at loggerheads for more than three months. Later, He Guoqiang adopted the strategy of cutting off the water around the shrine, which made Li compromise. After things subsided, Li Gaiwu adopted He Guoqiang's suggestion, expanded the fence, put the well into the courtyard, and wrote the words "Ancient Buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings" outside the fence, each word was 70 cm square, and the calligraphy was engraved in yin, which was very wild. Dashuijing Ancient Buildings's ancient architectural complex, the Li Ancestral Hall, is surrounded by mountains and cliffs. There are more than 30 Xiang Yong people living in the hall, armed with live ammunition, so it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. There are only two stone gates on the retaining wall for people to enter and leave, with the "Wanghua Gate" in the west and a prison cell near the door, also called "Shengmen". In the East, it is the "gate of grace", which leads directly to the natural execution ground, also known as the "gate of death". Chief Li is not only a local governor, but also a local armed leader, integrating clan power, political power and military power. The poor "broke the law" and the students were released from the flower gate. If you are sentenced to death, you will be tied to the execution ground of Longqiao from Chengen Gate and fall off a cliff and die alive. Longqiao is a natural stone bridge. It spans the natural moat, and the bridge head is as steep as a cliff. The sharp knife looks at the old rock like a huge white flag soaring into the sky. The bridge is 100 feet high, and the water under the bridge is rushing, but only the sound is heard, but the flow is not seen. ? There is a small well on the east side of the front of the ancestral hall, surrounded by high walls, and the word "Dashuijing Ancient Buildings Ancient Architecture" is engraved on the front of the wall, which is the origin of the name of the ancient building in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings. According to legend, Li Gaiwu, the last ancestor, stuck to the ancestral hall and had to surrender to make peace because the water source was cut off. Later, this solid wall was built. After uncovering the true face of the well, people can't help but feel that it is not worthy of the name. The ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings are small in nature, even a little stingy. But when you lower your head and take a sip of well water that has not dried up for a hundred years, you may be able to taste the long aftertaste of that period of history.

Li Gaiwu made great contributions to the history of ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings. He is a man with mixed reputation. His admirers think that he is a hero, able to write and fight, and ensure that the Li family will not be attacked by bandits. But some people say that he is ruthless and militaristic. No matter what future generations say, his time no longer exists, only a manor he built still stands, as if telling the scenery of his master like a pedestrian.

Gaoyangtai Manor is 8 kilometers away from the ancient building Li Ancestral Hall and Li Liangqing Manor in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings. This is the residence of Li Gaiwu, the last head of the Li family. The area is more than 2000 square meters, with 4 patios and more than 40 houses. In the 31st year of the Republic of China (AD 1942), Li Gaiwu lived here because of his separation from his brother. The original name of the manor is "Grape Tank", which is a terrace on the hillside. It is said that it is shaped like two cranes holding eggs and is the land where officials are in charge of wealth. The owner suspected that the original place name of "Grape Tank" was vulgar, so he took the meaning of "stop at the mountain" and named it "high balcony".

The high balcony manor complex is hidden behind a lush bamboo forest, surrounded by tall stone walls. A tall brick gatehouse rises in the main part of the east side, which is the gate of the manor. It is 7 meters high and is divided into upper, middle and lower, left, middle and right, four columns and three rooms, and painted with white powder. The top is decorated with baroque curves, and the columns and forequarters are outlined with lines, which is a typical European style. A ticket hole is slightly recessed in the center of the gatehouse, and a stone door frame stands close to the ticket hole. There are two wooden doors on the door frame. The gatehouse is higher than the annex buildings on both sides, and leans to the side, forming a staggered angle with both sides. The houses on both sides have two slopes, and the outer walls are continuously opened with European-style pointed coupon windows or arched coupon windows. From the outside, the high embroidery building at the eastern end is very spectacular, revealing the cornices of the roof.

Entering the spacious gatehouse, a courtyard with four courtyards suddenly appeared, facing the main hall, tall and tidy, with an open atmosphere. On the left side of the courtyard, after matching rooms, you pass a patio, and then you come to the bottom of the embroidery building, where there is a circle of corridors. The whole manor is a quadrangle style that combines Chinese and western styles. The halls and rooms are staggered, the patios are connected, the pavilions echo, and the columns and windows are exquisitely decorated.

Time flies, this luxurious mansion is now empty, and the prosperity of that year has long gone. The Li family, which had prospered for hundreds of years, declined rapidly with the death of the last patriarch, Li Gaiwu.

There are different local legends about the rise and fall of the Li family. They are like mysterious shadows, which are hard to figure out. Perhaps, all the secrets are hidden between the bricks of green mountains and green waters. With hundreds of years of ups and downs, the house has become obsolete, like a dying old man. When others pay attention, he can't say anything.

The wheel of history runs over the dust of years. The ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings's ancient buildings not only witnessed the rise and fall of a family, but also recorded the rise and fall of a Tujia chieftain. Now, his existence is only better than the ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings with gushing springs, just waiting for you to bend down deeply.