Linzhou has a long history, which was called Long You in ancient times. It originated from the "Lin Usagi" in the Warring States Period. [10] Linzhou City [1 1] belongs to Jizhou in summer, Wei in spring and autumn, and then Jin. During the Warring States Period, it was Linxi, South Korea, then Wei, and then Zhao. Qin belongs to Handan County. In the second year of Emperor Gaudi of the Western Han Dynasty (205 BC), a county was established, which is adjacent to Lu Longshan in the west and named as "Lulong County", belonging to Hanoi County. In the first year of Yanping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 106), it was renamed County, and in the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (A.D. 2 12), it belonged to Wei County. All three countries belong to Chao Ge County of Wei. The first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 265) belonged to Jizhou County, and the first year of Yongjia (AD 307) belonged to Zhao Qian. In the second year of Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 19), it belonged to Houzhao, in the seventh year of Yonghe (35 1 year), in the fifth year of Taihe (370), it belonged to Qianqin, and in the ninth year of Taiyuan (384), it belonged to Houyan. In the sixth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 445), it was merged into Ye. Linzhou City [1 1] In the 21st year of Taihe (AD 497), Lulin County was restored. In the first year of Yong 'an (AD 528), Qi Lin County was separated from Lv Lin County, and Lv Lin County was established as a state. In the seventh year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 556), the abandoned forest was considered to be a county. Lv Lin County was restored in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 583), Linsi County was abandoned and divided into Qiyang County in the south. In the sixteenth year of Emperor Kai (AD 596), Yanzhou was established, and Yizhou was abandoned in the first year of Daye (AD 605). Qiyang County and Qi Lin County merged into Lin Si County, which belonged to Wei County. In the second year of Tang Wude (AD 6 19), Yanzhou was rebuilt, and in the fifth year of Tang Wude (AD 622), the abandoned state was a county and belonged to a relative state. Jin Zhenyou, Linzhou City was promoted to Linzhou in the third year (A.D. 12 15), belonging to Zhangdefu, Hebei West Road. In the third year of Xingding (A.D. 12 19), Yanfu County was added, belonging to Linzhou. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1265), the abandoned state was a county, and it was Yanfu County. In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1269), the state was restored, and the auxiliary rock was included in Anyang County, which belonged to Zhangdedao, Zhongshu Province. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1370), the state was reduced to a county and renamed as Lin County, which belongs to the secretariat of Yuzhou. Qing government. In the second year of the Republic of China (AD 19 13), it belonged to Hebei Road, Henan Province. In March of the 29th year of the Republic of China (AD 1940), it was divided into Beilin County and Beilin County. Beilin county belongs to the fifth area of Taihang area in Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region, and Linxian county belongs to the Kuomintang-ruled area. In May of the 32nd year of the Republic of China (AD 1943), Linxian Anti-Japanese Democratic Government was established, which belongs to the seventh district of Taihang District in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region. In the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (AD 1946), Linxian County merged with Beilin County and was renamed Linxian County, belonging to the fifth district of Taihang District in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region. August 1949 belongs to Anyang, a plain province. 1952165438+10 belongs to Anyang, Henan province. Linzhou [1 1] 1962 belongs to Anyang area. 1983 10 belongs to Anyang city. 1994 65438+1On October 24th, Linzhou City was revoked with the approval of the State Council, and it was still under the jurisdiction of Anyang City. Linzhou City is located at the eastern foot of the southern section of Taihang Mountain, with many mountains, slopes and hills accounting for 86% of the total area. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the urban area is 306.8 meters above sea level. It belongs to the canal system of Zhang Nan and Weinan in Haihe River Basin, with four rivers, namely Zhang Zhuo, Huan River, Xihe River and Qihe River, and the Hongqi Canal. It has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 12.8℃ and an annual precipitation of 672.1mm. Mineral resources include iron, coal, dolomite, Shi Ying, refractory clay, marble and granite. Linzhou is located in the north of Henan Province, at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. The map coordinates are Dongjing11337'-165438+0451',and the north latitude is 35 40'-36 26544. It borders Anyang County, Heshan District and qibin district in Hebi City in the east, huixian city in the south, Pingshun County and Huguan County in Shanxi Province in the west and Shexian County in Hebei Province in the north, with a total area of 2,046 square kilometers, of which hillsides and hills account for 86%. Linzhou enjoys a superior geographical position, with Beijing-Guangzhou Railway in the east, Shanxi-Shaanxi hinterland in the west, Zhengzhou in the south and Gyeonggi in the north. Linzhou is an important place from south to north, west to three provinces. Known as the "Golden Triangle", there is a record in the history books that "Wei abandoned it and was weak, and gold gained it and dominated it". The population density is 48 1 person per square kilometer. The urban area has a population of 250,000 and the industrial cluster area has a population of 30,000. Linzhou is dominated by Han nationality, and the floating population includes Hui and other ethnic minorities, Koreans and Vietnamese, among which Donggang Town has three ethnic minorities: Bai, Miao and Buyi. By the end of 20 12, the permanent population was 1200007 and the registered population was 1026659. Linzhou has convenient transportation, and three provincial trunk highways, Xinhe, anlin and Hezui, run through the whole territory. Linzhou Highway 107 National Highway, 50 kilometers east of Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, [266] Lin (State)-Chang (Zhi) Expressway was opened to traffic on May 29th, 2003, Crane (Wall)-Hui (County) Expressway was under construction, and the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway branch railway directly reached the hinterland of Linzhou (now stopped). Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry resources Linzhou is rich in wheat, corn, millet, sweet potato, rice, soybean, peanut, cotton, rape and sesame. The territory has a vast hillside area and rich forest and fruit resources. The main local products are persimmons, dried persimmons, walnuts, hawthorn, chestnuts, peppers, apples, apricots, pears and peaches. There are cows, sheep, pigs, chickens, rabbits, donkeys and so on. Specialty "Dahongpao" pepper, Qihe crucian carp (double-backed crucian carp), Honghe millet. [23] There are more than 800 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials such as Radix Codonopsis, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Scutellariae Radix, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Polygalae, Radix Isatidis and Ganoderma. Among them, codonopsis pilosula, scorpion, hawthorn, acanthopanax bark and other Chinese herbal medicines are rich, with more than 60 kinds of commonly used medicinal materials/kloc-0, and the annual purchase volume is more than 2,000 tons. There are 92 species of medicinal plants in Sifang North Valley, the main peak of Lv Lin, which is known as "Taihang Natural Medicine Garden". Linzhou dialect, or Linzhou dialect, belongs to the Jin language family. Linzhou dialect is sonorous, landing, sonorous, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, strong and powerful, with many inflections, four distinct tones and many disyllabic words. Rich vocabulary and many suffixes at the end; Sentences often have prefixes, parentheses and suffixes, and some words are often omitted. When reading polysyllabic words in Linzhou dialect, the rhythm of the first syllable word is heavy, big and long, and the rhythm of the last syllable word is light, low and short: because of the fast pronunciation, the initials and finals of individual words are often omitted or lightly read, which sounds as if the syllables of the original words have been changed. Linzhou International Peace and Art Festival (1 1) Linzhou dialect and Henan dialect do not belong to the same language family: the typical Henan dialect belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin, while Linzhou dialect belongs to Jin dialect. The predecessor of Jin dialect should be "Zhao Northwest Wei" dialect mentioned by Yang Xiong in Han Dialect. The population of Jin dialect is nearly 50 million (146 million in 1986), including about 20 million in Shanxi (excluding Yuncheng and Linfen, Yuncheng dialect and Linfen dialect belong to Guanzhong system), nearly100000 in central and western Inner Mongolia, western Hebei, northern Henan and more than 3 million in northern Shaanxi. The most important feature of Jin dialect is entering tone, which is very different from Beijing Mandarin. Jin dialect is much older than Beijing dialect, and some scholars call it "Mountain dialect in northern dialect". Linzhou dialect, in Henan dialect, or in Jin dialect in Han Xin films, is very obscure. Linzhou dialect and Anyang dialect belong to Anyang dialect, which is different from Henan Zhongyuan Mandarin, but both belong to the branch of Jin dialect. Diet Linzhou's special diets include braised dishes, noodles, jiaozi, noodles, lasagna soup, bean jelly, vermicelli, Lehe cut, Linzhou scenery II (13) egg noodle soup, sweet potato noodle soup and so on. Braised dishes are simple to make, delicious and mellow, and have a broad mass base in Linzhou. Except for the pot-stewed dishes cooked in restaurants, they are basically cooked by every family and eaten every day. Because Linzhou is relatively poor in history, it doesn't pay attention to eating. When cooking, you don't stir-fry one dish after another, but you put all kinds of dishes in a pot in turn and stir-fry them together, and it becomes a pot-stewed dish. With the improvement of life, the side dishes in braised dishes are more and more abundant, and the taste is more and more delicious, gradually forming the local food culture in Linzhou. In restaurants, rice is usually the staple food, and then a bowl of egg seaweed soup is memorable. In individual families, rice is usually the staple food, and steamed bread is sometimes the staple food during festivals. Today, Linzhou braised dishes have become a special dish in Linzhou. Whenever there is a wedding celebration, the host family will set up a big pot and cook braised dishes for several days to entertain relatives, friends and neighbors. Pasta is a very popular staple food in Linzhou. Because eating is convenient and fast, it is very convenient for people who go out on business. No matter in the streets and lanes or in the urban-rural fringe, there are big cages on tricycles everywhere, with cooked pasta in the cages and heated stoves under them. At noon, businessmen who are in a hurry in the street can always sit on the roadside and ask for a bowl of noodles. The enthusiastic boss will also bring you a bowl of noodle soup for free. In the 1990s1.The price in 5 yuan can make you eat and drink enough, and then continue your career. Linzhou noodles have a unique way, and the taste remains unchanged within 1 day after cooking, so they are called Linzhou-style fast food in China. Linzhou noodles are made by mixing noodles with brine (meat) soup, so that the noodles can fully absorb the brine soup, and then steaming in a steamer. Steamed noodles are soup-free, fragrant but not greasy, dry but not firewood, and never tire of eating. The ingredients of noodles generally include: fine noodles, pork belly, soybean sprouts (or cowpea, garlic moss) and so on. Jiaozi is also called flat food in Linzhou, which represents reunion, celebration, care and attention. It is an indispensable role in grand festivals such as holidays. Mix dough, plate stuffing, roll dough, and wrap jiaozi. Every step of meticulous workmanship is integrated with good wishes and care for loved ones. Every Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, New Year's Day, Winter Solstice and other festivals, jiaozi always appears on the dinner table of every household in Linzhou today. Concern and care for relatives are also integrated into jiaozi. Whenever relatives go on a business trip or come back, they will use jiaozi to send them off or greet them. Fishing noodles Linzhou diet is the world of fishing noodles. Regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter, every family's New Year's Eve dinner must be noodles. The unique geographical conditions in Taihang Mountain area of Linzhou create golden conditions for wheat growth here. Mature wheat grains are hard and transparent, and the protein content is as high as 14 ~ 20%. Gluten is firm and elastic, and the noodles made are smooth and chewy. All these favorable natural conditions make fish noodles very popular in Linzhou. Noodles can be thin or wide, and handmade noodles are the best. Fishing noodles are delicious, and the seeds that need to be mixed with flavor are the side dishes or braised dishes that are needed for fishing noodles. Saozi can be all kinds of stir-fried dishes, and there is no fixed formula. However, regardless of the vegetarian diet, the dishes must be carefully cut to make the fried minced meat and vegetable juice thick, add them to the cooked noodles, stir them evenly, and then mix them with garlic juice and a drop of fragrant oil to taste the delicious noodles. This paper introduces several kinds of Linzhou pickles: fried tofu with cabbage, fried tomatoes with eggs, fried eggs with spinach, fried eggplant with tomatoes, fried diced meat with potatoes and so on. In Linzhou, relatives, friends and neighbors are invited to celebrate the full moon of children. After lunch, they will prepare dinner for the villagers. In addition to marinated vegetables, there must be a thousand layers of noodle soup, which is 2cm wide and meaningful. I hope that the children will have a broad road in life and everything will go well in the future. Such a good meal has naturally become a common occurrence on the table of Linzhou people. Usually it's cooked at dinner, but the noodles will be a little thinner. In addition, some vegetables will be added, the pot will be baked with hot vegetable oil, and steamed bread or fire will be added to develop into a common New Year's Eve dinner in Linzhou. After people get sick, they are generally weak in the stomach and don't like to eat. Family members usually make egg noodle soup for patients to drink. According to patients' tastes, they may add sugar or oil, salt, sauce and vinegar. Egg noodle soup is nutritious, easy to digest and can nourish the spleen and stomach. It is completely pollution-free and additive-free, which is very beneficial to the rehabilitation of patients. With the development of economy and the integration of regional economy, Linzhou's diet has diversified, with street snacks such as rice skin, cold rice noodles and rice noodles, and the hotel has integrated various meals from southeast, northwest and China. Specialty Linzhou specialties include: persimmon (rich in Jiaojiatun village and good in Zhaidi village), persimmon, walnut (which has formed a certain production base in Shenjiawa village) and persimmon roll (persimmon trees are all over Lujialing mountain area of Hejian town). In the past, people in the village peeled and dried persimmon rolls and persimmons. Now there are few people in the village, and the family conditions are good and average. Linzhou specialty millet (millet in Lujialing Village of Hejian Town is very famous because of its high geographical location, long sunshine time and abundant rainfall, and the millet planted by every household is yellow and crystal clear, which is very famous in every township), fried dumplings, sesame oil, chestnut, pepper and so on. The output and quality of hawthorn are the first in China. Linzhou Hawthorn: It is called North Hawthorn. According to ancient inscriptions, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Qingji, a village in Hongtugang, Dazhifang Township, Chengguan County, Lin County, once served as a "five-product military industry" in Shandong Province, and later brought back hawthorn branches and planted them in Hongshangang Village. They grow vigorously and have good quality, so they are transplanted and propagated all over the county. The main varieties are Yubei Red and Lin Hong. Linzhou pepper: there are varieties such as Dahongpao and Xiaohongpao. It was planted in large quantities as early as the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 1 There are many scenic spots in Linzhou, with Hongqi Canal and Taihang Grand Canyon as the leader and Huanghua Shenyuan, Tianping Mountain, Honggushan Mountain, Baijianshan Mountain, Longfeng Mountain, Wanquan Lake and Wulongdong as the edges. The red tourism of Hongqi Canal meets the green eco-tourism of Taihang Grand Canyon, forming a unique tourism resource. Hongqi Canal and Lv Lin are national-level scenic spots, which make Chinese and foreign tourists linger for their greatness, strangeness, danger and uniqueness. Hongqi Canal Scenic Area and Taihang Grand Canyon Scenic Area have been identified as national 4A-level tourist areas. Lv Lin is "the most beautiful place in the north", with beautiful peaks, steep cliffs, lush trees, waterfalls, springs and strange landscapes. It is world-renowned, with the highest waterfall in Asia, "Wangxiang Stone", which is as high as 346 meters. There are also magical natural landscapes such as the peach blossom in full bloom, the cold water freezing in dog days, and the eternal mystery of the pig barking stone. The Lvlinshan International Gliding Base, praised by the International Air Transport Federation as "the first in Asia and the first in the world", attracts Chinese and foreign gliding enthusiasts to compete here. [45] Lv Lin successfully lifted the paragliding World Cup and the first international paragliding in Anyang, China. Open and national cross-country car races. Hongqi Canal Scenic Area is listed as "the second batch of classic red scenic spots in China" and named as the first batch of national clean government education bases. Tianping Mountain Scenic Area has been built into a 3A-level tourist area. Shibanyan Village, Guojiazhuang Village and Gaojiatai Village in Shibanyan Township were rated as pilot villages with 100 villages and 1,000 households in the province. The Hongqi Canal Project of Hongqi Canal started in February 1960, and the auxiliary canal project was fully completed in July 1969, which lasted more than ten years. It takes Zhangzhuohe River as its source, builds a dam at Houbi Fault in Shicheng Town, Pingshun County, Shanxi Province, and introduces Zhanghe River water into Linzhou. Under extremely difficult construction conditions, the people of Linzhou overcame many difficulties by relying on the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle. They fought on the cliffs of Taihang Mountain, dug holes in the ravine, leveled 1 250 hills, erected 1 aqueduct, and dug 2 1 654,38+. If these earth-rock barriers are built into walls 2 meters high and 3 meters wide, they can run through the north and south of the motherland and connect Guangzhou with Harbin. The main canal of Hongqi Canal is 70.6 kilometers long, the bottom of the canal is 8 meters wide, the wall of the canal is 4.3 meters high, the longitudinal slope is 1/8000, and the design flow is increased by 23 cubic meters per second. The completion of the Hongqi Canal has completely improved the harsh living environment of Linzhou people, solved the draught problem of 567,000 people and 370,000 livestock, irrigated 540,000 mu of cultivated land, and increased the grain yield per mu from 100 kg to 476.3 kg in10 year. Known as the "Canal of Life" and "Canal of Happiness" by Linzhou people. Hongqi Canal Project is not only a huge project, but also a superb construction technology. After 40 years of water supply, it still stands tall on Taihang Mountain. Up to now, it has been praised by architectural experts as a model in China's architectural history and a landmark building in Linzhou. Taihang Mountain Grand Canyon Taihang Mountain Grand Canyon north and south 100 Li Long, 2.5 Li wide from east to west, 800- 1739 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of more than 1000 meters. The cliffs are towering, the peaks are majestic and masculine, the platform walls are staggered, the Cangxi River is fast-flowing, the waterfalls are suspended, and the peaks are overlapping. There are three wonders in the territory: Peach Blossom Valley, Tai Chi Mountain with frozen hot water, and mysterious pig called stone. There are eight major landscapes: Wangxiang Stone, the soul of Taihang Mountain, Xianxia Valley, Jinpulong Cave, Primitive Forest Taiji Mountain, fairy mountain, the magical Lubanmen, Huaxia-Juetaohua Waterfall, Taihang Ping Hunan Valley Cave (Liuxiu Lake).