Analysis of test questions: 1895 coincided with China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and was forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, ceding Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan. 1860 The Beijing Treaty divided Kowloon into local areas and New Territories and gave it to Britain. Cutting the north of Heilongjiang to Russia is the 1858 love faint treaty; The designation of the people's lane in the eastern suburbs as "embassy boundary" is the "Xin Chou Treaty" of 190 1 year.
Comments: A series of unequal treaties that the Qing government was forced to sign were outstanding manifestations of the semi-colonial nature of modern China. They had a great and far-reaching influence on the modern history of China, and they were also the focus of the college entrance examination. However, the contents of these treaties are easily confused and forgotten. Therefore, the author used abbreviations, prefixes, homophony, parallelism and other methods in practice, which were vivid and memorable, and achieved good results.
1. 1842 The main contents of the Chinese and English treaty of nanking are: ① cutting Hong Kong Island to Britain; (2) Compensation of 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars; (3) Opening Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports; (4) The taxes paid by British businessmen in importing and exporting goods shall be agreed by both sides.
Method 1, and the selected core words are abbreviated as "land cutting, compensation, port opening and tax cooperation" in turn. Method two, use prefix method and homophonic method to record it as "Brother lost five (double) shoes", and explain: "Brother"-homophonic "cut" sound, which means cutting land; "compensation"-compensation; "Five"-five trading ports; "(double)"-auxiliary memory, meaningless, the same below; "Shoes"-homophonic "shoes" refers to the agreed tariffs.
Memories of the names of five trading ports: Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai. Method 1, and the prefix method is "Guang, Xia, Fu, Ning, Shang". Method 2, use homophonic method to record it as "light (wide) falls (fu) but not (fu) can (ning) rise".
2. Sino-Russian Sino-American Sino-British Sino-French 1858 Tianjin Treaty. The main contents are as follows: ① The Foreign Minister is stationed in Beijing. ② Ten trading ports including Niuzhuang (later changed to Yingkou), Danshui, Hankou and Nanjing were added. Foreign warships and merchant ships can sail freely in the Yangtze River port. Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in Chinese mainland. ⑤ The Qing government compensated Britain and France for 2 million taels of military spending and British businessmen for 2 million taels of silver.
Method 1, the selected core words are abbreviated as "Minister stationed in Beijing, opened ten ports, foreign ships, foreigners, reparations" in turn. Method 2, recorded as "one opening, two losses and three westernization" by digital parallelism method, is interpreted as: "one opening"-adding ten trading ports such as Niuzhuang (later changed to Yingkou), Danshui, Hankou and Nanjing; "Two compensations"-two compensations for military expenses and commercial losses, namely, two million taels for British and French military expenses and two million taels for British commercial losses; "Sanyo"-foreign ministers (stationed in Beijing), foreign ships (warships and merchant ships can sail freely in the ports of the Yangtze River) and foreigners (can travel, do business and preach in the mainland).
Three. 1860 the main contents of the Beijing treaty between China and Britain are as follows: ① the Qing government recognized the validity of the Tianjin treaty; ② Opening Tianjin as a commercial port; (3) The first division of Kowloon was ceded to Britain; (4) Allow Britain and France to recruit Chinese workers to go abroad; (5) The reparations to Britain and France increased to 8 million taels each.
Method 1, and the selected core words are abbreviated as "recognizing the contract, opening Tianjin, cutting Kowloon, approving Chinese workers and increasing compensation" in turn. The second method, using prefix method and homophonic method as "quasi (quasi) to accompany wine every day", explains: "quasi"-allowing Britain and France to recruit Chinese workers to go abroad; "Everyday"-the Qing government recognized the effectiveness of the Tianjin Treaty and opened Tianjin as a commercial port; "Buried with him"-the sound of "compensation" means that the compensation of Britain and France has increased to 8 million taels of silver each; "Wine"-the sound of "nine" is harmonious, which means that Kowloon Company was ceded to Britain.
IV. 1895 Main contents of the treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan: (1) China ceded Taiwan Province Province and all its affiliated islands, Penghu Islands and Liaodong Peninsula to Japan; (2) Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 220 million silver; (3) Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and Japanese ships can sail into these ports along inland rivers; (4) The Japanese are allowed to set up factories at the trading ports in China, and the products are shipped to the mainland of China without domestic tax.
Method 1, and the selected keywords are abbreviated as "land cutting (Liaoning, Taiwan Province and Pengzhou), compensation (military expenditure of 200 million taels), port opening (Shazhong, Suzhou and Hangzhou), and factory setting up (factory setting up in Hong Kong, tax-free for domestic sales)". Method 2: Using prefix method combined with homophonic method to record "brothers pay 200 million taels for opening a factory", explaining: "brothers"-homophonic "cut" sound, meaning to cut land; "Opening"-opening four trading ports; "Factory"-set up a factory in the port, and the domestic sales are tax-free; "Pay 200 million taels"-pay 200 million taels.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) 190 1 The main contents of the funeral treaty signed by the Qing government with Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan, Austria, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium in: (1) China paid 452 million silver, which was paid off in 39 years, and the principal and interest were converted to 9.88. (2) Beijing Dongjiaominxiang is designated as the boundary of the embassy, which is protected by garrisons of various countries, and China people are not allowed to live. (3) Dismantle all forts from Beijing to Dagu, and allow foreign troops to be stationed in important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan. (4) Punish the officials who participated in the anti-imperialist struggle in the Boxer Movement, and forever prohibit the people of China from organizing or participating in anti-imperialist organizations. Officials who failed to suppress the anti-imperialist movement were immediately dismissed and never used. (5) The Foreign Affairs Office of the Prime Minister was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the previous six departments were listed separately. (6) modify the agreement. The Qing government agreed to amend the content of the treaty of commerce and navigation, so as to facilitate the imperialist invasion and expansion of China.
Method 1, and the selected core words are abbreviated as "compensation, demarcation, dismantling guns, punishing officials and people, changing prime ministers, and amending business agreements" in turn. The second method, prefix method combined with homophonic method, is recorded as "repairing the embassy to pay for the guns, changing the prime minister to punish the officials and the people." Explanation: "Revision"-revision of the agreement; "Embassy"-BeijingDongjiaominxiang is designated as the border of the embassy, which is protected by garrisons of various countries, and China people are not allowed to live in it; "Indemnity"-China paid 450 million taels of silver, which was paid off in 39 years, and the principal and interest were converted into more than 980 million taels; "Artillery"-demolish all batteries from Beijing to Dagu, and allow foreign troops to be stationed at important locations along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan; "Change the Prime Minister"-change the Foreign Affairs Office of the Prime Minister to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, before the Sixth Ministry; "Punish officials and people" ── Punish officials who participated in the anti-imperialist struggle in the Boxer Movement, and forever prohibit China people from organizing and participating in anti-imperialist organizations. Officials who failed to suppress the anti-imperialist movement were immediately dismissed and never used again.