Liangshan Yi people's costumes are colorful and unique in style. Historically, due to the numerous branches of the Yi people; Living in scattered places, therefore, there are obvious differences in clothing, different styles and strong regional colors. In many areas of Liangshan, the seasons are cool and the climate changes little, so Yi people's clothing has no seasonality, and they wear Chaerwa (sweaters) all year round. There are many branches of the Yi nationality, and the costumes vary greatly from place to place. There are nearly a hundred kinds of clothing differences, which are dazzling and unique. Basic information: Generally, women wear large-breasted or embroidered right-breasted shirts, black buns and earrings, and silver flowers on the neckline. Except for the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan who wear skirts, all the Yi women in other parts of Yunnan wear pants. Many branches of women's trousers are embroidered with exquisite lace of Yi costumes, and the skirts, cuffs and necklines of married women are also embroidered with exquisite and colorful lace, especially around the waist. In central Yunnan, unmarried women in southern Yunnan often wear colorful cockscomb hats decorated with red tassels and beads. Cockcomb hats are often cut into the shape of a comb with cloth shells and embroidered with dozens, hundreds or even thousands of silver bubbles. Yi people living in mountainous areas are used to wearing a kind of "ear-wiping tile"-sheepskin felt, regardless of gender. Shaped like a cloak, it is woven from wool, reaching below the knee, and the lower end is decorated with fringed hair, usually dark black. Before the age of 65,438+05, Yi girls wore red and white children's skirts with single braids. When they reach 65,438+05 years old, some places will hold a ceremony called "Shalalo", which means "changing skirts, braiding and pulling strings", indicating that the girls have grown up. After 65 years old, 438+05 will wear black in the middle. Most Yi men wear black narrow-sleeved right cardigans with lace and pleated wide-leg pants. There is a lock of hair about three inches long on the top of the head, which is called "Tianbodhisattva" in Chinese and "Zier" in Yi language. This is a way for Yi men to show their gods. Never touch them. China Yi men's wear is called "hero bun", which is wrapped in a green or blue or black head more than ten feet long and tied into a long vertebral shape with a thick thumb on the right front. Men don't need to be beautiful, so they use their leisure time to pull out their beards one by one. They wear yellow or red ear beads with red silk thread strung on their ears and red silk thread under their ears. Men's wear is characterized by the hair on men's heads, which the Yi people call "Zi Er" or "Zi Mu". This is an ancient traditional dress. When the boy was four or five years old, he left a square hair in front of his head and tied it into a bun as an adult. People regard it as the representative of the gods and think that it can dominate good and bad luck, so it is sacred and inviolable, and no one can touch or tease it. Therefore, it is called "Tianbodhisattva" in Chinese. The head is wrapped in blue cotton cloth or silk handkerchief, and the head end of the handkerchief is mostly tapered. Because of the left side of the forehead, it is called "self-lifting" in Yi language and "hero knot" in Chinese. Young people often tie their heroes long and thin to show their bravery, while old people often tie them like a bun to show their age. Yi men regard unnecessary as beauty, and often pull out their beards from an early age. The baby boy has a perforated left ear and wears earrings a little longer. Girls' clothing Yi girls' braids are vertical to the back of their heads after storage. At the age of eight or nine, Yi children's clothing is wrapped around their heads with a single braid, with red cotton thread at the end of the braid, and sometimes with an arched wooden comb. When you get married, you will split the double braids and cross them on the headband. If you are not married and have reached the age limit, you can also comb your hair again another day. Young people in Zhizha area wear red and blue embroidered headscarves, while in Eno area, one or two meters of blue cloth is folded into several layers on their heads. The area is a long green cloth with flowers on the side and folded on the head. In all three areas, handkerchiefs are changed after giving birth. Saint Chahar and enoch were replaced by hats in the shape of lotus leaves, and the local technology was a green cloth dome made of bamboo. It is also useful to wrap the head with a long black cloth, about 3 cm wide and coiled around the head, about 10 cm. The more prominent, the more expensive. For example, the former black Yi aristocratic women, whether they are adults or not, are universal. Before a woman was a minor, she often hung red and green beads the size of peas on her ears, tied them into a string with four iron wires, three or four centimeters long, and wore red cotton thread in her ears. Or wear a small red stone ring, wear it in the circle and hang it between your ears. Earrings are only worn when you are an adult or wear double braids. Earrings include coral, silver bubbles, tremella beads, jade, shellfish and tremella, most of which are round stars. There are many styles of silver or copper. The most common are triple or quadruple combinations of flower buds and embedded red beans. In the old society, black Yi aristocratic women often wore inverted pedicels. There are five thin ribbons made of silver wire hanging down, and each end has a round pendant, which is swaying chic. The collar is an independent part and is not connected with the coat. Decorated with silver bracts, the front button has a rectangular or plum-blossom collar button in the middle. Women's blouses are made of wool, cotton and silk, and have a lapel, a front lapel, a back collar and cuffs. Yi women's clothes have colorful line patterns. The neckline is decorated with gold, silver, jewels and jade. Some are decorated with buckles and wrapped with colored silk threads, with different shapes and ingenuity. The women's dresses of the Yi people in Ganluo have full inner skirts and unique styles. Saint Chahar's rabbit hair vest is unique, that is, a circle of white rabbit hair with colorful flowers on the green background is set at the bottom of the vest, which is gorgeous and rich. Women wear pleated dresses with wide and narrow fabrics. Children's skirts are mainly red and white, or several colors alternate with each other. Young people are mainly red, blue, white or red, blue and white, while old people are mainly blue, blue or blue. Children's skirts are relatively short, usually in two sections, with a small waist and a large swing. Adults have three sections, the upper section is waist, the middle section is straight, and the lower section is fine lattice. Long skirts are characterized by layers of folds in the lower section, so they are commonly known as "pleated skirts", which are more expensive. In the past, the length of skirts was related to their status. Black Yi women's long skirts mop the floor, and when they walk, they are dusty to show their dignity. The wool skirt in this area is soft, thick and elegant, with a barrel shape in the middle, long and narrow, and red. The blue fine pleats in the lower section are even and neat, and the red, white and black fine stripes in the lower horizontal section are harmonious in tone, then blue, and the knees are scattered and trumpet-shaped. The lines are wrinkled and flashing, light and elegant. Yi women use needles, thread, ivory and musk as chest ornaments to ward off evil spirits. There is a triangular wallet hanging on the waist. The surface of the bag is decorated with various patterns and lined with different wrapping cloths. The upper end is open and the lower end is hung with five-color ribbons. It is practical and beautiful. The wrist is decorated with bracelets of gold, silver, copper, jade and stone, and saddle-shaped and cat-eye-shaped rings inlaid with gold, silver or stone. The lady also wears gold, silver, copper chains, locks, pendants and other head, chest and back ornaments. Types of Yi Costume Chuxiong Yi Costume This kind of costume is mainly popular in counties and neighboring areas of Wei Chu. This is the place where the ancient Yi people migrated. At present, it belongs to the intersection of six dialects: East Yi, South Yi, West Yi, North Yi and Middle Yi, so the costumes are particularly colorful. Generally speaking, wearing right-handed tops and trousers is the basic style of modern women's wear. There are many floral decorations on blouses, with moire and cherry blossoms as the main patterns, which are mostly decorated on specific parts of blouses such as the chest and shoulders. Technology is generally patchwork and peaceful embroidery. Generally speaking, women's headdresses can be divided into three categories: Baotou and wearing embroidered hats. If subdivided, there are more than 40 kinds, and each kind of headdress often becomes the symbol of Yi people in a certain area. Men's wear is becoming more and more China-like and fashionable, but there are still many areas where the customs of wearing sheepskin, burning grass and burning hemp are preserved, which are rare in other areas of Yi costumes. Liangshan Yi costumes are popular in Sichuan, Yunnan and the neighboring Jinsha River basin. Both men's and women's coats are right-handed with big breasts, and the Yi men in Liangshan area still retain the ancient inheritance. There is a lock of long hair in front of their heads, which symbolizes the dignity of men and is inviolable. Yi people are commonly known as "Buddha of Heaven". Yi men in Liangshan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places like to wrap their heads in blue cloth or blue cloth and tie a long conical knot on their foreheads to show their heroic spirit, commonly known as "hero knot". According to archaeological findings, this headdress was found on a shell container unearthed from the tomb of King Dian of Han Dynasty in Shizhai, Jinning, Yunnan. It can be seen that "hero knot" is a rather primitive tradition. In addition, the wearing made of fine beef tendon (used to hang combat knives in ancient times) is called "hero belt"; Some left ears wear ornaments such as beeswax beads and tremella rings, and the bottoms are pants, but there are large, medium and small trouser legs because of different regions. Unmarried girls wear all kinds of headscarves, and women wear hats or headscarves after childbirth, all of which are black; Women have earrings such as penguin, silver, coral and jade shell in their ears, and wear a silver collar tag around their necks; Pleated skirts with layers of colorful cloth around them are often very long and easy to drag. The upper part fits the figure and the lower part is pleated, which not only highlights the female figure, but also adds a bit of graceful posture. Due to the steep mountains and cold climate, the local Yi people use blankets to protect themselves, commonly known as "Xi 'erwa". Selva is a shawl made of wool, which is white, gray and blue. The upper part is narrowed with wool rope, and the lower part is decorated with about 0 whiskers. 3 3 meters long. It usually takes several months to make a wiping tile. Yi people's shingles never leave their bodies all year round, keeping out the cold during the day and covering them at night, which is a symbol of Liangshan Yi people's clothing. Traditional fabrics are mainly wool and hemp, and they like to use black, red and yellow. Traditional patterns, such as head sickle, claw and vortex, are often made by picking, embroidering, embedding and dyeing. Liangshan, large and small, has steep mountains and rivers. In the past, traffic was blocked and there was little contact with the outside world. Its costumes are simple and unique, completely retaining the traditional style of the Yi people, which is in the same strain as the Yi costumes painted on the wall of Huo's tomb in Zhaotong, Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wumengshan Yi costumes are popular in Zhenxiong, Yiliang and Weixin counties in Zhaotong, Yunnan, as well as in Bijie, Liupanshui, Xuyong and Longlin, Guangxi, which are inhabited by Yi people. Wumeng Mountain is the birthplace of ancient southwest Yi culture. In the past, Yi costumes were basically the same as Liangshan Yi costumes, and clothing styles have changed greatly since Ming and Qing Dynasties. At present, Yi men and women in Yunnan usually wear blue robes and trousers with big breasts and right breasts, black or white headscarves, white cloth belts and embroidered "kite shoes". Men's clothes have no patterns, and they often wear wool and felt when they go out. The neckline, cuffs, hem, hem and trouser legs of women's wear are decorated with colorful patterns and combination patterns. Commonly known in Chinese as "hanging with four pillars on the back", the head is wrapped in a green handkerchief as a human figure, and silver ornaments such as Dai Lezi, earrings, bracelets and rings are used. After marriage, earrings are replaced by earrings, which are white or embroidered with flowers hanging behind them. In some areas, Yi women wear short skirts and long skirts. Liangshan, large and small, has steep mountains and rivers. In the past, traffic was blocked and there was little contact with the outside world. Its costumes are simple and unique, completely retaining the traditional style of the Yi people, which is in the same strain as the Yi costumes painted on the wall of Huo's tomb in Zhaotong, Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yi costumes in western Yunnan are mainly popular in Dali, Simao, Lincang and Baoshan in western Yunnan. Women's coats are mostly right-breasted, short in front and long in back, with waistband, waist and waist. Women's clothing in mountainous areas between Weishan County and Midu County is rich and colorful, with many embroidered patterns and embroidered felt wrapped on their backs. Other areas are more concise and elegant. Its headdress is either wearing a cloth hat or a green handkerchief, which is decorated with colorful tassels, beads and other ornaments. There is quite a gorgeous legacy of Nanzhao royal family. In the past, men wore right robes, wide-leg pants, a green handkerchief, a belt around their waist or a leather belly, but now they are more fashionable. Honghe Yi people's costumes are mainly popular in Honghe area in southern Yunnan, with Jianshui, Shiping and Yuanyang counties as the most typical. Women's clothing is colorful, from long skirts with big skirts to robes and short gowns. They usually wear trousers, vests and aprons. The headdress is dazzling, mostly decorated with silver bubbles or wool; Clothing color is extremely strong, always use matching contrast color, bright and decorative; Natural patterns are the most geometric patterns, followed by geometric patterns. Men's wear is not much different from other places. Yi costumes in central and southeastern Yunnan are mainly popular in Kunming, Wenshan and parts of Honghe Prefecture adjacent to these two areas. The main styles of women's wear are right-breasted or double-breasted tops, trousers and skirts. With white, blue and black as the background, decorated with animal and plant patterns and geometric patterns. Its headdress varies greatly from place to place. Some young Yi women in Kunming are wearing "cockscomb hats", which are shaped like cockscombs and embroidered with various silver bubbles, with fine workmanship. Older women usually wear a bun. Hairband, the headdress of unmarried women in Guishan area, is decorated with a pair of triangular embroidered cloth ornaments at the ear, and a string of beads is hung from the back of the head to the chest. Yi women in Maitreya and some areas south of Lu 'an wrap their heads in black with double braids, leaving a bunch of hair hanging behind their heads and decorating them with beads, silver chains, shells and wool. In Wenshan, Xichou, Maguan, Funing and other places, women wear black scarves or top-flowered handkerchiefs with simple headdresses, while in Qiubei, Kaiyuan, Luxi and other places, women's headdresses are very rich, with accessories such as silver bubbles, wool balls, flowers and shells. Yi men and women are covered with blankets such as "Chaerwa". The Yi name of "Chaerwa" is "Wala", which looks like a cloak. Woven with coarse wool, generally 13, each seven or eight centimeters wide, and most of them are dyed dark blue. St. Chahar is the most beautiful area, with red and yellow edges and blue interlining, and a 30-cm-long rope spike hanging below. Felt is made of about two kilograms of wool. It is as thin as a copper coin and folded into 6 cm wide folds. Generally, it is 30-90 fold, and the top is closed with wool rope. Mostly primary colors or blue. Chaerwa and felt are necessary clothes for Yi people, men, women and children. They are clothes during the day and quilts at night to protect them from rain and snow. Edit the color characteristics of this paragraph. Generally, young men and women wear bright colors, and they like to use the contrasting colors of Yi costumes such as red, yellow, green, orange and pink, and there are many patterns. Middle-aged people have fewer patterns than young people, and the colors used are sky blue, green, purple, blue and white, which are solemn and simple. Old people often use blue cloth, generally do not make flowers, and only use the blue edge or blue edge of Tsing Yi for decoration. The patterns and lace of clothing have strong national and local colors and life flavor. There are astronomical phenomena such as the sun, moon, stars, clouds, Tianhe and rainbow, natural maps such as mountains and rivers, animal maps such as cockscomb, bull's eye, horns and roe deer, and maps of plants and things such as leaves, flowers, sickles, braids and geometric figures. The decorations are beautiful, solemn and brightly colored. There are many kinds of patterns, most of which are made of whole, silver, copper, jade, stone and bone. The casting, stamping, pressing, inlaying and carving parts are made by local craftsmen. In the past, most of the Yi men and women in Liangshan were barefoot in winter or when they went out. They wear sandals woven with hemp or straw rope, felt socks like boots woven with wool, or cotton wool leggings to protect their feet and keep out the cold. Edit this piece of embroidered clothes of Yi people. Most Yi women in Yunnan are good at embroidery with flowers. In the Yi area, Yi women all wear exquisite flowered clothes. The clothes of Yi women are mostly left-back clothes with wide sides and big sleeves. Red, gold, purple and green silk threads are used to embroider various patterns on the chest, back shoulders, cuffs or the whole dress, and silver bubbles are embedded in the collar. In addition, Yi women also like to embroider colorful and meaningful patterns on headscarves, skirts, waists, belts, trouser legs and skirts as ingenious decorations. Embroidery embroidery is a major feature of Yi costumes. Almost all Yi women are good at embroidery and flower picking. They learned the skills of embroidery, picking flowers and mending flowers under the guidance of their mother, and also learned Ping Xiu, crepe embroidery, winding embroidery and tapestry embroidery. The wedding dress of Yi girls is a symbol for Yi elders and boys to measure girls' talents. If Yi girls can't embroider or embroider badly, even if they are beautiful, it's hard to find Mr Right. Yi women's costumes are embroidered from head to toe, and each flower is a beautiful handicraft, which is worth studying and preserving as a national embroidery specimen.