(a) the structure of the ceiling in general, the ceiling consists of three parts: hanger, skeleton and surface.
1. Hanger (1) Hanger is used to bear the load of ceiling and keel, and transfer this tea load to the load-bearing structure of the roof. (2) Boom material: steel bars are mostly used.
2. The role of the skeleton: bear the load on the ceiling surface and transfer the load to the roof load-bearing structure through the suspenders. Skeleton materials: wooden keel frame, light steel keel frame, aluminum alloy keel frame, etc. Skeleton structure: it mainly includes a grid system consisting of main keel, secondary keel and joists, secondary joists and small shelving machines. T-shaped, U-shaped, LT-shaped and various special-shaped keels adopt light steel keels and aluminum alloy keels.
3. The function of the surface layer is to decorate the indoor space, as well as sound absorption and reflection. Surface materials: gypsum board, fiberboard, plywood, calcium-plastic board, mineral wool sound absorption, aluminum alloy and other metal plates, PVC plastic plates, etc. Surface layer form: strip, rectangle, etc.
(2) suspended ceiling construction technology
(1) Light steel keel aluminum alloy keel ceiling: elastic wire → installation of suspender → installation of dragon skeleton → installation of panel.
(2)PVC plastic ceiling: elastic line → installation of main girder → installation of wooden keel frame → installation of plastic board.
(3) Key points of construction
First of all, the elevation line is popped up on the wall, and the line pressing is fixed at both ends of the wall, and it is fixed firmly with cement nails.
According to the design elevation, the elastic line around the wall is used as the baseline for ceiling installation, and the allowable horizontal deviation is 5 mm
When encountering the ceiling of open caisson, it should be fixed with battens from below, and the angle of yin and yang should be connected with battens. Pay attention to reserve the exit of lighting circuit. When the ceiling area is large, the keel should be laid in the middle. The spacing of lifting points should be rechecked. Generally, the upper limit is 1200 ~ 1500mm, and the upper limit is 900 ~ 1200mm. Before the panel is installed, the installed keel and panel shall be inspected, and then installed after meeting the requirements. Construction technology of grid suspended ceiling
1. The function of wooden grating ceiling The wooden grating ceiling is a common method to decorate corridors, porches, restaurants and large ceilings.
2. Precise measurement of the construction technology of wooden grille ceiling → Long Gujing processing → surface planing → half-groove lap joint → flame retardant coating → greasy coating → ground glass installation.
3. Key points of construction The fabrication of wooden grille framework should be based on accurate measurement of ceiling size. The keel should be trimmed, the surface should be planed, the joints should be opened, and the joints of horizontal and vertical keels should be overlapped for half a groove, and the flame retardant should be painted.
Construction technology of caisson ceiling
1. The role of caisson ceiling in home decoration is generally based on wooden keel, gypsum board or wood as panel, and paint or wallpaper as the finishing touch. This kind of suspended ceiling can overcome the contradiction between low room height and top decoration, facilitate on-site construction, improve decoration grade, reduce project cost and achieve the purpose of top decoration, so it is widely used.
2. Key points of construction
(1) wooden keel installation requirements
① Material: wood is required to be free from quality defects such as splitting, corrosion, moth-eaten, frogs and dead knots; The specification is that the section is 30 ~ 40mm long and 40 ~ 50mm wide, and the water content is lower than 10%.
(2) Design: caisson ceiling is adopted. If the height difference is greater than 300mm, it should be handled step by step. The keel structure must be firm, and the spacing between large keels shall not be greater than 500mm. The keel must be fixed firmly, and the keel frame must have fixed parts at the top and wall.
③ Construction: The horizontal deviation of ceiling elevation is not more than 5 mm.. The bottom surface of wooden keel should be planed and leveled, and the cross section thickness should be consistent, and flame retardant treatment should be carried out.
(2) Specification for wooden keel installation: firstly, the elevation line, modeling position line, lifting point layout line and lamp installation position line should be popped up. There are two ways to fix the lifting point at the top of the dragon skeleton: one is to fix the angle iron or flat iron directly at the top with nails with a diameter of more than 5 mm, and the other is to drill holes at the top and fix the iron sheet or wood square with expansion bolts as the lifting point. Ensure that the lifting point is firm and safe. After the installation of the dragon skeleton, quality inspection and acceptance should be carried out before installing the decorative board.
(3) Installation of decorative panels There are two kinds of ceiling decorative panels: gypsum board and wood board, all of which require smooth surface, no unevenness, no fracture and neat edges and corners. There are two main installation methods of decorative panels: round nail fixing method and wood screw fixing method, in which round nail fixing method is mainly used for the installation of wood decorative panels, and the construction speed is fast; Screw fixation method is mainly used for plasterboard veneer to improve the nail holding ability of the board. The installation of decorative panels should be completely consistent with the wall, with decorative corner lines, which can leave gaps, and the joints between decorative panels should be tight. When installing the ceiling, the position of the lamp mouth should be reserved when installing the decorative board. After the panel is installed, the finishing work needs to be completed. Commonly used materials are latex paint and wallpaper, and the construction method is the same as that of wall construction.
Low-rise rooms can also have ceilings.
According to the suggestions of some architectural decoration designers, it is best not to install suspended ceilings in newly completed houses, because the space height of these commercial houses is generally about 2.8 meters. If the ceiling is too thick, it will give people a sense of oppression. However, with the improvement of the design level of home improvement, some suspended ceilings can also add color to low rooms and achieve satisfactory decorative effects.
Shape around the ceiling with plaster lines
Strictly speaking, this is not a real ceiling. Some people call it a fake ceiling. It has the characteristics of low price and simple construction. As long as it is coordinated with the decoration style of the room, the effect is good.
Around the ceiling, a lamp pool is left in the middle.
This kind of ceiling can be molded with wood plywood, designed into various shapes, equipped with spotlights and downlights, and equipped with novel ceiling lamps in the middle of the ceiling, which will make people feel that the room space will increase, especially in the living room with larger area, and the effect will be better.
Thick around and thin in the middle.
This kind of ceiling is exquisite in shape, with wooden keel as the skeleton in the middle and opaque frosted glass as the panel; China ancient paintings or geometric patterns can be drawn with different pigments on the glass, which has both modern flavor and lighting function.
What material is good for kitchen and bathroom ceiling?
The construction of kitchen and bathroom ceiling has always been a difficult point in home improvement. Because its moisture is relatively large, there is oil smoke and odor. So choosing the right materials in the decoration can save you a lot of trouble in the future. In actual construction, waterproof coating, PVC board and aluminum gusset plate are commonly used materials for kitchen and bathroom ceiling.
Waterproof coatings have simple construction, low cost and various colors, but after long-term use, local peeling and fading often occur.
PVC board is the most common and cheapest, and it is the first choice for kitchen ceiling materials. Prices range from a few yuan to 20 yuan per square meter. Made of PVC, waterproof and moisture-proof, anti-standing. Due to the addition of flame retardant materials in the production process, it is safe to use. There are many colors and patterns of PVC boards, mainly plain colors, as well as imitation patterns and imitation marbles. Its cross section is a honeycomb-like mesh structure with processed tenons and grooves on both sides. When choosing this kind of material, consumers should pay attention to the fact that there should be no cracks and scratches on the surface, the tenon and groove should be complete and straight, the mutual occlusion should be smooth, and there should be no ups and downs locally. Its disadvantages are poor high temperature resistance and easy deformation in thermal environment for a long time.
Aluminum gusset plate can not only prevent fire and moisture, but also resist corrosion, static electricity, sound absorption and sound insulation, which can be regarded as the best ceiling material at present. There are two kinds of aluminum gusset surfaces: perforated and flat. The biggest function of punching holes is ventilation and sound absorption. There is a membrane pad in the board, and moisture can be absorbed by the membrane by punching holes, which is most suitable for wet places. The basic materials of aluminum gusset plates in China are aluminum-magnesium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy, and the price is around 50 to 60 yuan per square meter. The basic material of imported products is Al-Zn alloy, the hardness is higher than that of domestic products, and the price per square meter is around 200 yuan. The quality inspection of aluminum gusset plate mainly depends on whether the initial size of surface grid is uniform, whether the arrangement is neat, whether the surface gloss is good after plastic spraying and whether the thickness is uniform.
Selection of living room ceiling
According to some architectural decoration designers' suggestions, it is best not to build a suspended ceiling for newly completed houses, because the height of the current housing space is generally about 2.8 meters, and the excessively thick suspended ceiling will give people a sense of oppression. However, many people see that the suspended ceilings of some public buildings add a lot of color to the interior decoration, so they also want to transplant them into their living rooms. Practice has proved that as long as it is handled properly, satisfactory results can be achieved.
First, mold the ceiling with plaster.
Gypsum can be made into geometric patterns or flower, bird, insect and fish patterns. Strictly speaking, this is not a real ceiling. Some people call it a fake ceiling. It has the characteristics of low price and simple construction. As long as it is coordinated with the decoration style of the room, the effect is good.
Second, around the ceiling, don't hang in the middle.
This kind of ceiling can be molded with wood plywood, designed into various shapes, equipped with spotlights and downlights, and equipped with novel ceiling lamps in the middle of the ceiling, which will make people feel that the room space will increase, especially in the living room with larger area, and the effect will be better.
Third, the surrounding ceiling is thick and the middle part is thin, forming two levels.
This method pays more attention to the shape of the surrounding ceiling, with wooden keel as the skeleton and opaque frosted glass as the panel; China's ancient paintings or geometric patterns can be drawn with different pigments on the glass, which is both modern and gives people an antique feeling.
Fourth, the ceiling of a house with high space.
If your house is relatively high in space, or it is an old-fashioned house, there is a lot of room for the choice of ceiling forms, such as gypsum sound-absorbing board ceiling, glass fiber cotton board ceiling, plywood ceiling and so on. These ceilings are not only beautiful, but also have the function of reducing noise.
Choose a ceiling material for the kitchen.
The construction of kitchen and bathroom ceiling has always been a difficult point in home improvement. Because the humidity is relatively high, there are fumes and odors, and the busy life makes it impossible to clean up the clutter in the kitchen and bathroom in time. Therefore, choosing suitable materials and reasonable construction methods in decoration construction can reduce a lot of troubles for future life.
Waterproof coating, PVC board and aluminum-plastic board are commonly used materials for kitchen and bathroom ceiling during construction. Waterproof coating has the characteristics of convenient construction, low cost and diverse construction colors. After long-term use, some parts fall off and fade, and their performance is unstable, so they are rarely used in elegant home decoration.
PVC sheet has been widely used in families, and its construction is convenient and quick, with rich colors. Its main features are good waterproof performance, easy cleaning and no need to replace it after long-term use. However, because PVC sheet is a kind of extrusion molding material, there are obvious traces of industrial machinery production, lack of personalization, little change, and a feeling of disharmony with indoor environment, and the grade is low.
In recent years, the increasingly popular materials are aluminum-plastic plates and other materials. They are made of light aluminum plate by one-time stamping, and the outer layer is sprayed with plastic by special technology. Colorful and rich, it will not fade after long-term use. They have excellent waterproof performance and simple construction without deformation. However, the cost is relatively high, and it is generally used in high-end places such as apartments. Combined with the walls paved with natural stones such as marble and granite, it not only sets off their own decorative characteristics, but also harmoniously unifies and complements each other.
For the construction of kitchen and bathroom ceiling, choosing the right material is only the first step. In the construction process, it is more important to set up ventilation and dehumidification, so that the humid indoor air can be discharged in time. On the one hand, it can protect the ceiling material and its structure, on the other hand, it can effectively protect the increasing electrical equipment in the kitchen and bathroom, and also provide more convenience for cleaning.
Selection and use of PVC ceiling profiles
1.Characteristics of PVC ceiling profile PVC ceiling profile is a new type of ceiling decoration material developed in recent years. It is made of PVC and processed into tongue-and-groove profile, which has the characteristics of light weight, simple installation, waterproof, moisture-proof and moth-proof. Its surface pattern changes greatly, and it is pollution-resistant, easy to clean and has good sound and heat insulation performance. In particular, flame retardant materials are added to the new process, which makes it go out immediately after fire, making it safer to use. Because of its low cost and good decorative effect, it occupies an important position in the ceiling materials for home decoration and has become the leading material for ceilings such as bathrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and balconies.
2. Classification of PVC ceiling profiles PVC ceiling profiles are plates with honeycomb cavities in the middle and closed sides, with processed tongue and groove and convex strips. There are two kinds of surface decoration: monochrome and pattern, and the pattern has many patterns such as imitation magnolia stone, which can be purchased according to the design requirements.
3. Quality appraisal of PVC ceiling profiles When purchasing PVC ceiling profiles, you must ask the dealers for quality inspection reports and product inspection certificates. Visual appearance quality: The surface of the plate should be smooth, crack-free, concave-convex, tongue-and-groove and plum blossom processing should be complete, freely disassembled and assembled, and the surface should be bright and scratch-free; The sound of knocking on the board by hand is crisp, and it is very elastic to bend the board. According to the test report, the performance indexes of the product should meet the following requirements: thermal shrinkage is less than 0.3%, oxygen index is greater than 35%, softening temperature is greater than 80 degrees Celsius, ignition point is greater than 300 degrees Celsius, water absorption is less than 15%, moisture absorption is less than 4%, and dry and static bending strength is greater than 500 MPa.
4. Installation of PVC ceiling profiles The installation method of PVC ceiling profiles is very simple. First of all, the elevation line is popped up on the wall, and the line pressing is fixed at both ends of the wall, and it is fixed firmly with cement nails. According to the actual size of the ceiling, cut the plate, insert the plate into the batten, the tongue and groove of the batten are outward, fix it with nails after installation, and then insert the second plate. The last board should be cut according to the actual size. When cutting, use a sharp knife and press the elastic line with a steel ruler to cut. When installing, it can be inserted into the tongue and groove of the last board with a slight bend, and then sealed by layers on both sides. When encountering the ceiling of open caisson, it should be fixed with battens from below, and the angle of yin and yang should be connected with battens. Pay attention to reserve the exit of lighting circuit. When the ceiling area is large, the keel should be laid in the middle.
5. Price analysis of PVC ceiling profiles: PVC ceiling profiles are very economical ceiling materials. The price of plate is about 50 yuan per square meter, and the price of high-quality brand is slightly higher, which is about 10%-30% higher than that of ordinary profile. The installation cost of PVC profiles is also low, and the cost of auxiliary materials and labor is about 30 yuan per square meter. The total cost per square meter of PVC suspended ceiling profiles is around 90 yuan, and the price will increase under the condition of good quality and complicated installation environment.
6. Maintenance and replacement of 6.PVC ceiling profiles. PVC ceiling profiles have strong water resistance and scrubbing resistance. In daily use, it can be scrubbed with cleaning agent and then rinsed with clear water. Slab joints are easily polluted by oil pollution. When cleaning, you can immerse the brush in the detergent and then rinse it with clear water. Pay attention to the lighting circuit not to be damp. If the PVC ceiling profile is damaged, it is very convenient to update it. Just take off the batten at one end, pull the boards out of the batten one by one, replace the damaged boards with new ones, reinstall them and press the batten. When replacing, pay attention to the color consistency between the new board and the old board, and there can be no color difference.