A closer look reveals that this is a stone pagoda. The base is rectangular on all sides, with a short side of about three meters, a long side of about five meters and a height of about twelve or thirteen meters. On the whole, it is a square cone. * * * is divided into three layers, the lower layer is made of stone, and the middle layer has three small windows with long sides and two short sides. The long sides and short sides of the upper layer are the same as those of the middle layer, except that the top long side has two eaves for drainage and the short side has only one small window. What is this thing?
There is a stone tablet embedded in the base of the ground floor: "Haidian District Cultural Relics Protection Unit-Qing Dynasty Diaolou". It turns out that this is a cultural relic of the Qing Dynasty. Most people living in this village are not Manchu people with blue flags and red flags hanging around them, nor are they Han people who have lived here for a long time. Ethnically, it is now divided into Manchu, but some old people insist that they are Tibetan. What's going on here?
A well-preserved watchtower
This has to start with a minority rebellion in the Qing Dynasty. Jinchuan and Jinchuan are two tributaries on the Dadu River in western Sichuan, which were the land of miscellaneous valley toast in Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1650), the leader of Xiaojinchuan was attached to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing government made him a chieftain. During the Yongzheng period, Sharon Ben, the governor of Jinchuan, and Yue Zhongqi made meritorious deeds. The Qing government made him a messenger of peace, let him manage the Great Jinchuan, and made Wang Ze, the former governor of Jinchuan, the governor of the Small Jinchuan. Sharon was unwilling to be a vassal of the Qing Dynasty. In the 11th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1), Sharon merged Jinchuan and Jinchuan, and the following year 1752 sent troops to attack Gebushza and Zhengming Tusi. The Qing dynasty was shocked and began to send troops to suppress it. However, Sharon relied on the danger of Jinchuan bunker, which made the Qing army repeatedly defeated and fought, until the 13th year of Qianlong (1753), when Yue Zhongqi and Fu Heng were employed.
At first, the two men were helpless in the face of the bunker. In Fu Heng's performance report, Gan Long described Jinchuan Bunker as "the Battle Bunker stands tall, even higher than the Tower of Middle-earth, and it was built very cleverly, and it was built in an instant." ..... increase the bunker to prepare for defense, and the No.10 soldiers can't get in all the way ... It's hard to occupy a city by attacking the bunker. "After learning about this, Qianlong built a tower at the foot of Xiangshan, and selected thousands of Eight Banners soldiers with flexible legs and light bodies to train in the tower.
In order to conquer Jinchuan, Qianlong ordered people to imitate the shape of Jinchuan bunker, build 72 towers near Xiangshan and practice attacking towers in groups.
"On the top of Xiangshan Mountain, it is built by layers of big stones." "Before the end of this month, you will get 2,000 chosen men." In May of the 13th year of Qianlong, after Fu Heng led his troops south, he expanded here in eight ways. In May of the 14th year of Qianlong, Fu Heng returned to Beijing with a winning rate of 3,000 banners, and Qianlong ordered him to set up a ladder camp here.
Jianruiying building takes Jingyi Garden as the reference object, from its northern edge to the southern foot of Beishan to the west of Niangniang House, and the fourth floor faces south as the left wing, which is called Dongsanqi. From the south of Jingyiyuan, along the eastern foot of Xishan Mountain, to the north of Jia Wei Village, there are four wings facing east and right, which are called Xisi Banner. The left and right wings are opposite to the north and south, with a distance of about ten miles. In the middle are the artillery yard, tinker, printing house, arrow pavilion, Sigong, Baosheng Temple, Mentou Village, Fan Xiang Temple, Songtang, Laiyuanzhai, Infinite Hall, countryside and cemetery. The school yard is slightly south, covering an area of about 500 mu, and the north and south are slightly longer than the east and west. There is also the Yuewu Building, also known as the Martial Arts School, which is a dark green glazed tile building. It is located near Xiangshan, with five halls, with a stone foundation in front and a platform at the back. Behind the platform is an oval city with a second floor called "Zhiyu Tangjin". "There is a stone pagoda in the west and a pavilion in Tarnum. There is an inscription of Qianlong in the pavilion. Manchu, Mongolian, Han and Tibetan wrote: "I saw Jinchuan last year, Mr. Xia, and I have been famous for a long time. The poor chieftain leaned on his tower and ordered me to set up a stone tower at the foot of the Western Mountain. I am a simple flying man, and I am Xi Zhi." ..... even ordered the university student Fu Heng to command and succeed in Jinchuan. "The martial arts school was burned in 23 years of the Republic of China, and now the site is still there, and it was changed into an orchard before and after. It has been rebuilt and opened as a scenic spot over the years.
The first Jinchuan rebellion really subsided in the fifteenth year of Qianlong, but the Qing government did not seize Sharon, but believed in his surrender. Later, Sharon was capricious and lasted for nearly 30 years. In the forty-four years of Qianlong (1746), the Qing government spent about 72 million yuan on military pay and a lot of manpower and material resources to completely quell the Jinchuan rebellion. Later, the Qing government implemented local government reform, abolished the toast system, and set up Algud Hall in Dajinchuan and Mino Hall in Xiaojinchuan, which were managed by the central government. Later, Algood Hall was merged into Meinuo Hall, renamed Maogong Hall, and Jinchuan set up five villages. At this point, the Tibetan areas in western Sichuan were completely settled.
Pacify Jinchuan Atlas 1: You can see the shape of the watchtower in Jinchuan, and the watchtower near Xiangshan is a replica of its terrain and war.
After the chieftain was abolished, Agui, a counter-rebel, dedicated Sha Ban of Dajinchuan, Wang Ze of Xiaojinchuan and his clan men and women to the capital. In order to show the power of heaven, Qianlong didn't kill them. Instead, they were incorporated into the flag book and another Miao village was built near Jianrui Camp. According to their custom, they build houses with big stones and let them live. Therefore, people here "have unusual clothes and dress customs", which actually means to let Jianrui camp monitor them. At the beginning, there were only 40 households, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 300 households. Moreover, many fallen soldiers were also incorporated into Camp Jianrui. "Training with time, conquering with this power, the person who built the bunker is Jinchuan Fan Bing." While the population is increasing, the Qing Dynasty is slowly declining. Even more than 300 families were afraid of their rebellion, and the Qing government ordered Jianrui camp to split and not to live with the same family. Until Tongzhi and Guangxu years, the talents in Miaoziying gradually assimilated with the Han and Manchu people in the mainland.
The bunker we saw today is the relic of the Xiangshan exercise when Tianping rebelled against Jinchuan. There were 72 in the Qing dynasty, but today we can only see more than 50. Many of them are mixed with private houses and are unprotected.