Wuxian Temple in Linyi City, originally outside the old city of Linyi, is a famous Jingxian Temple. It was built by Yihe Song in Yizhou during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and dedicated to Zhuge Liang, Wang Xiang, Wang Lan, Yan Zhenqing and Yan Gaoqing. In the 16th year of Qingganlong (A.D. 175 1), it was relocated to the east of Xiyan Lake for reconstruction and renamed as "Wuxian Temple". Wuxian Temple has been destroyed by the war and the Cultural Revolution and no longer exists. In 2003, when Wang Xizhi's former residence was rebuilt and expanded, it was rebuilt according to its original appearance. The main building consists of three hard mountain halls, with the east window brick engraved with "Xiaogan Tiandi" and the west window brick engraved with "Ancient and Modern Loyal Crown". There is a statue of Zhuge Liang in the center of the temple, with two statues of Wang Xiang and Wang Lan in the east and two statues of Yan Zhenqing and Yan Gaoqing in the west. In front of the main hall is the Imperial Monument Pavilion, in which there are poems inscribed by Qianlong. His poem said: "Filial piety can be done in Wang Xiangxian, and loyalty is the sacrifice of strict array; The origin is doomed, and Zhuge is the whole person. "
human history
Gan Long's poems about Five Immortals Temple can be considered as the best in the world. This seven-line poem has only 28 words, but it is full of the names and main life stories of five sages. All five sages are from Linyi.
Wang Xiang (185-269) was born in Langya (now Linyi). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he lived in seclusion for 20 years and became an official of the Jin Dynasty in Taiwei and Taibao. Known for filial piety, he is one of the twenty-four filial piety, and also a master of "sleeping on the ice for carp". Great-grandfather of Wang Xizhi, the "Book Sage". After the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, he successively served as county magistrate, senior secretary of agriculture, Sikong, Taiwei and Taibao. After mother's filial piety, the story of "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" spread among the people, and Wang Xiang lay on the ice begging for carp. Linyi's hometown has a small village, and there is a "land where Wang Xiang lies on the ice".
In the Book of Jin, Wang Xiang's name ranks first in the biographies of Jin ministers, which shows his lofty status.
As one of the twenty-four filial piety, Wang Xiang is most praised for his filial piety. Wang Xiang's biological mother died early, but her stepmother Zhu was not good to him. She often slandered Wang Xiang to Wang Xiang's father, Wang Rong, and made him fall out of favor. But even though he was ordered to clean up cow dung, he still looked very respectful. When his parents were sick, he took care of them and prepared soup. When Dan's tree bears fruit, her stepmother asked Wang Xiang to guard the fruit, while Wang Xiang cried with the tree in her arms every time the wind and rain came, fearing that the fruit would be blown down. Wang Xiang supported her stepmother for more than 30 years. When her stepmother died, Wang Xiang was heartbroken and had to stand up with a stick. It can be seen that his filial piety doesn't care how his stepmother treats him badly.
The story of lying on the ice for carp is quite touching. "Twenty-four Filial Piety" records: "Xiang, the word is closed. The first time I lost my mother, my stepmother Zhu was unkind. My father counted before, because he lost his love for his parents. When you want to eat raw fish, it is cold and frozen, so you can take off your clothes and lie on the ice. The ice suddenly dissolved on its own, and the double carp jumped out and returned to its mother. The poem says: Stepmother exists in the world, but Wang Xiang does not exist in the world. So far, there is an ice model lying on the river. " The explanation is as follows:
There was a man named Wang Xiang and Xiuzheng in the Jin Dynasty. Wang Xiang's biological mother died when he was very young. His stepmother, Zhu, was unruly and spoke ill of Wang Xiang in front of her father many times. Therefore, his parents don't like him. Once, his stepmother wanted to eat live fish. It was freezing, and the river was frozen. Wang Xiang unbuttoned his clothes and squatted on the ice, hoping to get live fish; At this time, the ice suddenly thawed itself and two carp jumped out. Wang Xiang took the fish home and gave it to his stepmother. There is a poem that there are many wicked stepmother like Zhu, but the son of an elephant who returns good for evil can never find a second one. Up to now, there are still traces of Wang Xiang lying on the river in Wang Xiang.
In Baishabu Town, north of Linyi City, an east-west river winds through the town for several miles, which is the place where the story of Wang Xiang lying on the ice looking for carp takes place-the river. Xiaohe, also known as Xiaogan River, is located in Baishabu Town, lanshan district. According to the records of Linyi County, the small river originated in Taohualing at the southern foot of Chashan Mountain, flowed through Xiaoyou Village in the southeast, flowed into Zhuge Village in Zhuanbu Town (the birthplace of Zhuge Liang), and merged into Yihe River. There are statues of Wang Xiang, Wang Lan and Wang Xizhi in the "Xiaoyou Temple" on the north bank of the river.
Wang Lan (206-278) was born in Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), Han nationality. One of the twenty-four filial piety, the half-brother of Wang Xiang, a master of "sleeping ice as carp" in the Western Jin Dynasty. The fifth ancestor of Wang Xizhi, a "book saint". After three generations of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, he served as an official in Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty and served as a doctor of Guanglu.
Wang Lan is second only to Wang Xiang in reputation for his excellent conduct. Wang Lan has a good relationship with his brother. His biological mother Zhu hated Wang Xiang, not only vilified Wang Xiang in front of her husband, but also abused him more often. But Wang Lan always stood by Wang Xiang's side and advised her mother not to abuse Wang Xiang.
There is a story about Wang Lan's "caring for his brother and feeling for his mother" in "Twenty-four Filial Piety": Wang Lan, Wang Xiangzhi's half-brother, saw his brother Wang Xiang whipped by his mother when he was four years old, and often held Wang Xiang in his arms and wept to protect his brother. When they grow up, they all marry daughters-in-law. When Zhu abused his wife, Wang Lan's wife also went to protect them. Wang Xiang gradually became famous at that time, and Zhu hated him even more and wanted to poison Wang Xiang with poisoned wine. Wang Lan knew, so he wanted to drink first. Wang Xiang contended for it and refused to give it to his brother. Zhu was afraid that his son, Wang Lan, had drunk the poisoned wine and poured it out quickly. From then on, every time he eats or drinks, Wang Lan has to taste it first, and he will sit and lie down with his brother. Zhu was finally moved and regretted it. He loved Wang Xiang as much as he loved Wang Lan.
In this story, Wang Xiang and Wang Lan moved and influenced their mother with their filial piety, and made her return to a moral track that a mother should have. We can also see that the influence of the dutiful son is infinite.
Yan Zhenqing (709-784, Yi Shuo 709-785), a native of Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) in the Tang Dynasty, was a calligrapher in China. An outstanding calligrapher in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "Yan Ti" regular script, together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, is also called "the four masters of regular script". Also known as "strict care" with Liu Gongquan. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), he was a scholar, and was appointed as an imperial envoy for four times, and supervised the imperial envoy in the temple relocation. Rejected by Yang, the powerful minister at that time, he was demoted to the plain (now Lingxian County, Shandong Province) as the satrap, which was called "Yan Plain" in history. In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), he was framed by Prime Minister Qilu and killed by Li Xilie.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong made An Lushan rebel, and Yan Zhenqing contacted his brother Yan Gaoqing to rise up and rebel. Seventeen counties nearby were promoted to the leader accordingly, and 200,000 soldiers joined forces to prevent An Lushan from attacking Tongguan. In the first year of Dezong Xingyuan (784), Li Xilie rebelled in Huaixi, and the traitor Qilu took the opportunity to borrow Li Xilie's hand to kill him, and sent someone to persuade him to be hanged by Li Xilie. Hearing that Yan Zhenqing was killed, the soldiers of the three armed forces burst into tears.
Six months later, the rebel general Li Xilie was killed by one of his own, and the rebellion was put down. Yan Zhenqing's coffin was escorted back to Beijing and buried in the Yanshi Ancestral Hall in Jingzhao for ten thousand years. Dezong painfully wrote a letter, abolishing the eighth day of North Korea, and the whole country mourned. De Zongqin issued an imperial edict, remembering Yan Zhenqing's life as "superior to Kuang Guo, loyal to the body, endowed with organic talents, outstanding public loyalty, loyal to the four dynasties, tired of being held hostage, tireless in death, observing its heyday and remaining in reality". He is honest, clean and honest, has a sense of justice, never condescends to the powerful, condescends to flatter, and is famous for his benevolence and righteousness.
Yan Zhenqing is a great calligrapher, and Yan-style calligraphy has a far-reaching influence on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. Ouyang Xiu Ceng Yun: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal martyr, a moral gentleman with strict respect. People are afraid at first sight of him, but the longer it takes, the cuter he becomes. " . There are many people who see treasure in the world, but they are not tired. "In addition to calligraphy, he is also a versatile generalist. Su Shi praised and said, "As for poetry, as for writing, as for Han's retreat, as for painting Wu Daozi, as for writing, as for beauty, the changes of ancient and modern times have made everything in the world. "At the same time, its loyalty has always been praised by the world.
Yan Gaoqing (692-756), born in Wan 'an, Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, was the grandson of Yan Shigu in the Five Dynasties with Yan Zhenqing. Strict father was appointed as the secretariat of Haozhou. Yanchu was appointed as Fan Yanghu Cao to join the army and was once a subordinate of An Lushan. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, during the Anshi Rebellion, Gao Qing and his son kept Changshan and served as the prefect, while Yan Zhenqing kept the plain, and designed to kill An Lushan's department to capture Gao Miao and He Qiannian. Hebei 17 counties responded. In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan Rebels besieged Changshan, and An Lushan Army seized Yan Jiming and forced Yan Gaoqing to surrender. However, Yan Gaoqing refused to give in and cursed An Lushan, and Ji Ming was killed. Soon the city was destroyed by Shi Siming, and Yan Gaoqing was taken to Luoyang. When meeting An Lushan, Ann asked Yan Gaoqing to betray him. Yan Gaoqing said, "I am an official of the Tang Dynasty and will always be loyal. How can I rebel with a shepherd? " Ann was furious and ordered Yan Gaoqing's tongue to be cut off. Yan Gaoqing was still cursing to death. Yan Gaoqing suffered from the severe pain of broken tongue and still pursued the belief of loyalty and righteousness.
After Yan Zhenqing found Yan Jiming's head, he wrote the article "The Manuscripts for Sacrificing Nephews". The Yan family of Langya can be described as a loyal and heroic family.
Zhuge Liang (181-234), whose real name is Kong Ming, was an outstanding politician, strategist and writer in Chinese history, and was born in Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi, Shandong). In Qianlong's poems, "Zhuge is the whole person" is the highest evaluation and praise for Zhuge Liang.
Xiaogan heaven and earth, loyal to the ancient and modern kings, Zhuge moving people. Linyi five sages are outstanding representatives of Chinese descendants in the history of Chinese civilization.