Planting process
Select good varieties
The purpose of planting is to obtain high-yield and high-quality products, thus occupying the market and obtaining the maximum economic benefits. So the choice of varieties is more important. However, any excellent variety changes with the change of production technology and time. Therefore, when choosing varieties, we should master the causal relationship between * * * and good varieties. First, good varieties, consistent performance of planting groups, and even fruit setting can achieve high yield. Second, there are few excellent varieties of hermaphroditic plants, which can increase production. Third, the fruit is beautiful and of good quality. Papaya is a highly commercialized fruit with good shape, color, beauty and quality, which caters to the buyer's market. Hong Fei, Meizhonghong, Suizhonghong and Tainong No.6 can be selected.
Choose planting land and environment
Papaya has hollow stems, fleshy, large leaves and soft roots. Make sure it is sensitive to the growth environment. Changes in environmental conditions quickly reflect its growth, flowering, fruiting, maturity, quality and so on. The optimum growth temperature of papaya is 24-33℃. When the temperature is 8℃, the growth is inhibited; When the temperature is 35-37℃, the development of flower organs will be affected and deformed flowers will appear. When the temperature is 5℃, the young growing point will be frozen. The death occurred at 2℃. When the temperature is suitable and the soil is wet, 6-8 new leaves can grow in 15 days. Too much water, lack of oxygen in roots and yellowing of plant leaves. Died after soaking in water 12 hours. Dry soil, falling leaves, flowers and fruits affect the yield. Therefore, it is required to choose areas with loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, good drainage and no frost for planting.
Planting preparation and planting time
The difference of soil fertility directly affects the growth and longevity of papaya. Apply base fertilizer according to local conditions before planting. Generally fertile alluvial soil, bananas are planted in the early stage, and the fertilizer is sufficient, so there is no need to fertilize or put in a small amount. Sandy soil is easy to lose fertilizer and water, and the root group grows fast. More organic fertilizer can be applied to change the aggregate structure of soil, and each plant can be applied with organic fertilizer of 8-10 kg; Apply 5-8kg loam to each plant; Apply 10- 15 kg to each mountain soil. Apply 0.5- 1 kg of calcium superphosphate to each plant in the organic fertilizer. Ridges on dry sloping land are 40- 1250px, those with low groundwater level are 55- 1625px, and those with high groundwater level are 65-2000px. General requirements: high border, wide row and narrow plant. Plant 666.7㎡ 180-250 plants, and plant them before mid-March in Guangzhou. Early planting will encounter a cold wave, which is not good for growth, and late planting will delay flowering and fruiting. Selection of weather when planting: The temperature is above 15- 18℃, and there is no north wind, so it is best to plant on cloudy days. When transplanting, it is required that the mud cup does not come loose, the roots are not damaged, and the root-fixing water is poured thoroughly, so that the seedlings can grow normally after transplanting. In order to ensure that it can blossom and bear fruit in early June and reach the full fruit stage.
Scientific management and rational fertilization
1. Strengthen nutrition and promote growth: Papaya is a fast-growing and high-yield plant, which requires a large amount of fertilizer and is sensitive to nutritional conditions. Besides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, papaya also needs trace elements such as magnesium, boron, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and molybdenum. Papaya enters the reproductive growth stage from the vegetative growth stage, and its * * * same feature is that when the leaves reach a certain number, it begins to transfer to the formation of floral organs. According to the investigation data of different varieties of papaya, it is proved that the number of leaves in bud stage of red variety is 24-26; American-Chinese red variety 26-28 leaves; Red princess variety 26-28 leaves; Russell variety 29-32 leaves; 27-29 leaves of Tainong 6; 24-26 leaves of Tainong 5; The rising variety has 35-40 leaves. Topdressing outside the roots can be carried out 4-5 days after planting to promote the growth of papaya. Foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1∶300-500 times. Once every 6-7 days. Spray continuously for 5-8 times. 8- 10 days after planting, the fertilizer is mainly available fertilizer. You can use decomposed peanut bran water or compound fertilizer, or you can use decomposed human feces. According to the dry and wet conditions of the ground, it can be sprayed with water, fertilized or aired. Diligent, once every 10- 15 days, and the amount of fertilizer used is gradually increased. When applying fertilizer for the third time, it is required to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid excessive nitrogen absorption and poor disease resistance. In the leaf age of papaya at the initial bud stage, borax 10- 15g should be applied to each plant. When the number of fruit sets reaches 8-9, borax can be added again. Fertilization direction: It should be applied about 50px outside the drip line of papaya leaves, and it should be applied lightly to avoid root injury.
2. Control the fertilizer and water, and go on the market early: the expansion period of papaya is generally in July-August. At this time, the number of fruits per plant is about 15-25. If the increase of fruit is controlled, the supply and demand of water and fertilizer can be adjusted to achieve the principle of first supply and then controlled fertilization. According to leaf quality and soil fertility. Soil fertility is good, characterized by dark green leaves, thick leaves and less deciduous leaves. Fertilization can be controlled or less. If the leaves turn yellow and thin, it means that the accumulation of nutrients in the body is reduced and topdressing can be carried out. It is generally required to look at the ground, trees and weather, and establish fertilizer and water control according to local conditions. At the end of July or early August. This is conducive to the early maturity and early listing of papaya.
Do a good job of irrigation and drainage and maintain the leaves.
The root rot of papaya causes the lower leaves to fall off prematurely and shortens the life of leaves, which has a direct effect on the production of papaya. If the leaves fall off seriously from late May to early June, a large number of flowers, fruits, stems and fruits are insufficient in nutrients, and the buds and fruits are affected to varying degrees and fall off, which will seriously lose the harvest. Therefore, drainage and irrigation must be done well to protect the normal growth of leaves.